Face Mill Inserts. How do you tell what fits? - face milling insert nomenclature

 2024-06-19 08:13:46

Though most frequently used for diameter measurements, an air plug and platen can be readily configured to measure perpendicularity.

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Grades play a vital role in turning applications, more than in any other application. Because of that, when checking any supplier's catalog, the turning section will feature the largest selection of grades.

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In parting or grooving applications, grade selection is limited due to cutting speed factors. That is, the diameter gets smaller as the cut approaches the center. The cutting speed thus decreases gradually. In parting-off to the center, the speed ultimately reaches zero at the end of the cut, and the operation becomes shearing instead of cutting.

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Many cutter designs are available, and variable teeth spacing (or variable pitch) cutters can be used to influence milling stability. Let’s discuss why teeth spacing affects stability.

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Despite only gaining traction about a decade ago, adding a post-treatment after coating has become an industry standard. These treatments are usually sandblasting or other polishing techniques that smoothen the top coating layer, reducing friction and, as a result, generated heat. Price differences are typically minor, and in most cases, it is recommended to favor grades with post-treatment.

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Incremental mode can be more advantageous when programming sculptured surfaces or for certain hole-machining canned cycle applications.

The P92 A SCTD is a grooving insert specifically for parting off. The honed main cutting edge with a spacious chip space and the reinforced flanks are suitable for machining alloyed and stainless steel.

A grade marked as P10-P20 in the turning grades table could have different hardness than a grade marked as P10-P20 in the milling grades table, even in the same catalog. This difference comes down to the fact that favorable conditions vary across different applications. Turning applications are best tackled with very hard grades, but in milling, favorable conditions require some toughness because of its interrupted nature.

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Table 3 depicts a hypothetical chart of grades and their uses in different difficulties of turning applications, as might appear in a cutting tools supplier catalog. In this example, grade A would be recommended for a wide range of turning conditions, but not for heavy interrupted cuts, while grade D would be recommended for heavy interrupted turning and other highly unfavorable conditions. Tools such as the Grades Finder from MachiningDoctor.com can search for grades according to this designation system.

Tool-holder-spindle-machine combinations each have a unique dynamic response in the same way that each person has a unique fingerprint, which can be revealed using modal testing.

The right balance between hardness and toughness is the most crucial factor when selecting a grade for a particular application. Picking a grade that is too hard can lead to micro breakages along the cutting edge or even catastrophic failure. At the same time, a grade that is too tough will wear out fast or require decreasing the cutting speed, thus reducing productivity. Table 1 provides some basic guidelines for selecting the correct hardness:

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Just as there is no official standard for grade application ranges, there is no formal standard for grade designations. That said, most major carbide insert suppliers follow common guidelines in their grade designations. The "classic" designation follows a six-character format BBSSNN, where:

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Though most frequently used for diameter measurements, an air plug and platen can be readily configured to measure perpendicularity.

In milling, the range of grades on offer is smaller. Due to the application’s fundamentally interrupted nature, milling tools require tough grades with high impact resistance. For the same reason, the coating layer must be thin — otherwise, it will not withstand the impacts.

Grooving and turning insert from our P92 P system, for grooving and copying. In these applications the STV is unbeatable:

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Most modern carbide inserts and solid carbide tools are coated with a thin film (between 3 and 20 microns, or 0.0001 to 0.0007 inch). The coating is typically composed of titanium nitride, aluminum oxide and titanium carbon nitride layers. This coating increases the hardness and creates a heat barrier between the cut and the substrate.

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Therefore, a grade for parting-off must be compatible with a wide range of cutting speeds, and the substrate should be tough enough to handle the shearing at the end of the operation.

The following two numbers represent the grade's relative hardness level on a scale from 05 to 45 in increments of 5. A 05 application requires a very hard grade suitable for favorable and stable conditions. A 45 application requires a very tough grade suitable for unfavorable and unstable conditions.

The MB45 series is designed to deliver the low cutting force benefits of positive inserts and the fracture resistance of negative inserts.

Without an international standard for designating carbide grades or application ranges, users must rely on relative judgments and background knowledge for success.

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Tool-holder-spindle-machine combinations each have a unique dynamic response in the same way that each person has a unique fingerprint, which can be revealed using modal testing.

GTNS grooving insert, tapered version with 1 cutting edge. P92 A plates and P92 A CXCB ... holders combine to form a technically rigid unit due to the long plate seat guide. This tool connection is therefore particularly suitable for large grooving depths and deep recesses.

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In drilling, the center of the drill always has a cutting speed of zero, while the periphery has a cutting speed that depends on the drill diameter and spindle speed. Grades optimized for high cutting speeds will fail, and therefore should not be used. Most suppliers will offer just a handful of grades.

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The Walter Turn toolholder features rake-face cooling to help break and control chips, and double flank-face cooling directly at the cutting edge to extend tool life.

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Again, there is no standard for these values, so they should be interpreted as a relative value within the specific grade table in which they appear. For example, a grade marked as P10-P20 in two catalogs of different suppliers could have a different hardness.

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To choose the correct carbide grade for a particular application, look at the supplier's catalog or website for guidance. Although there is no formal international standard, most suppliers use charts that describe grades’ recommended working envelopes based on their "application range" as expressed in a three-character letter-number combination, such as P05-P20.

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Major suppliers usually provide separate series of grades for each material group. In each series, the grades range from tough for interrupted cuts to hard for continuous machining.

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The above explanation is correct in many cases. But since this is not an ISO/ANSI standard, some suppliers make their own adjustments to the system, and it is wise to be on the lookout for these changes.

LTNN Grooving geometry for parting off long chipping materials. Especially recommended for double-spindle lathes.Stechgeometrie zum Abstechen langspanender Materialien.

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FANUC’s IMTS 2024 booth includes real-time demonstrations that show the abilities of its equipment, including robots, controllers and machine tools.

Shallow grooving is an exception to other types. As it shares similarities with turning, suppliers with a large selection of grooving inserts will usually offer a wider variety of grades for specific material groups and conditions.

When it comes to utilizing the spindle’s power, there is a lot of headroom at the upper limits, provided it’s in short bursts. Be mindful of your time at these loads so you don’t stall out.

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Type with one cutting edge. Deep cutting depth and clean turning faces. Reduce feed while cutting depth increases.Grooved parting off edge with reinforced flanks. The deep and spacios chip-through gives excellent chip control. Efficent on almost all materials.

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To navigate this maze, users must first understand what constitutes a carbide grade and how each element influences different aspects of machining.

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FANUC’s IMTS 2024 booth includes real-time demonstrations that show the abilities of its equipment, including robots, controllers and machine tools.

When revising part designs, investigate the 3D CAD, the 2D drawing and the part’s functional requirements to determine which details should be tightened up.

High positive parting off geometry Ground top rake with 0,1 mm chamfer on the major cutting edge for stabilisation. Especially recommended for: NE materials and difficult to cut materials Application: profiling

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Chip breaker: Especially developed for effective chip flow when face grooving.Insert: Developed for machining of stainless and alloyed steels.Clearance: Especially for face grooving.Remark: To be used as well for radial grooving and parting off.

This extensive range of turning grades stems from the extensive range of turning applications. Everything from continuous machining, where the cutting edge is constantly engaged with the workpiece and suffers no impact but generates lots of heat, to interrupted cuts, which have heavy impacts, falls into this category.

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The P92 A CTD is a grooving insert specifically for parting off. The chamfered main cutting edge with reinforced flanks with a spacious chip space are suitable for machining alloyed and stainless steels as well as components with an interrupted cut.

Grooving and turning insert from our P92 P system, for profiling and copying. It has been developed, to machine materials, which are difficult to cut, like:

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The P92 A insert is designed for grooving and parting off particularly large groove depths (D>45mm). The one-sided setting of the P92 A plate prevents the re-cutting effect. Due to the long and stable insert seat of the P92 system, the P92 A insert offers a high degree of process stability and repeatability.

Each tool setting technique has merit, and it depends on where you are as a shop and the type of work you do, as cost and efficiency all come into play.

Heidenhain and Acu-Rite Solutions are offering several hands-on experiences at their booth this year, as well as internal components that reduce energy use.

While the metallurgic term “carbide grades” refers specifically to tungsten carbide (WC) sintered with cobalt, the same term has a broader meaning in machining: sintered tungsten carbide combined with coatings and other treatments. For example, two turning inserts made of the same carbide material but with a different coating or post-treatment are considered different grades. Carbide and coating combinations lack classification standardization, however, so different cutting tool suppliers use different names and classification methods for their grade charts. This can make grade comparison difficult for the end-user, an especially trying problem given that carbide grade suitability for a given application dramatically affects possible cutting conditions and tool life.

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The substrate is the bare material of the cutting insert or solid tool underneath the coatings and post-treatments. It is typically made up of between 80- and 95-percent WC. To give the substrate the desired properties, material manufacturers add various alloying elements. The main alloying element is cobalt (Co) — higher levels of cobalt lead to greater toughness, while lower levels of cobalt lead to greater hardness. Very hard substrates can reach a hardness of 1800 HV and provide excellent wear resistance, but are very brittle and are only suitable for very stable conditions. Very tough substrates have a hardness of around 1300 HV. These substrates can machine only at lower cutting speeds and wear out faster, but have better resistance to interrupted cuts and unfavorable conditions.

The choice between buying a new machine or refurbishing the current one will become clear after a thorough assessment of the machine.

Roughing: Geometry with zero degree chamfer x 0,2 mm.Medium machining: Wiper Geometrie scharf schneidend und gekennzeichnet durch eine stabile Nullgradfase x 0,1 mm.Finishing: Sharp cutting geometry, polished.

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When it comes to utilizing the spindle’s power, there is a lot of headroom at the upper limits, provided it’s in short bursts. Be mindful of your time at these loads so you don’t stall out.

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The first letter represents the material group according to the ISO standard. A letter and a corresponding color are assigned to each material group.

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The wide range of turning grades also relates to the vast array of diameters in manufacturing, from 1/8 inch (3 mm) for Swiss-type machines to 100 inches for heavy industrial purposes. Because the cutting speed also depends on the diameter, there is a need for different grades that are optimized for either low or high cutting speeds.

Working closely with customers and making careful investments has enabled this Wisconsin machine shop to tackle difficult jobs with tight deadlines as a core part of its business.

Face Mill Inserts. How do you tell what fits? - face milling insert nomenclature

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