ISO nomenclature of the inserts - Part 2 | CNC Of Course - face milling insert nomenclature

CCET – Finishing Positive (Single-Sided) For finishing turning operations, with optimal chip control over a wide range of cutting conditions and workpiece materials.

Finishing operations with light depths of cut and lower feedrates produce lower cutting forces, so cutting-edge strength is not as important. Medium turning operations, with a wide range of depths of cut and feedrate, require a more versatile geometry.

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HMP – Medium Positive (Single-Sided) For medium to rough turning, with reduced cutting forces and improved chip control for high feedrates. Suitable for high metal removal rates.

Choose the chip breaker (geometry) based on the selected machining operation: finishing, medium, or roughing. Roughing with high depths of cut and feedrates requires an insert with a stronger cutting edge.

HMR – Light to Medium Roughing For light to medium roughing of steels, difficult-to-machine high-alloy titanium, and aluminum materials. High strength to deal with heavy chip deformation.

Customized Inserts: Beyond standard geometries, CNC insert designs can be customized to meet specific machining requirements and challenges. Manufacturers often develop specialized insert shapes tailored to unique applications, such as aerospace components, automotive parts, and medical devices. Customized inserts may incorporate features such as chip breakers, wiper edges, and coatings optimized for particular materials and cutting conditions.

The smaller point angle of this insert is more versatile for finishing and detail work, but it has less cutting-edge strength than other geometries.

Hexagonal Inserts: Hexagonal inserts, with six sides, offer a balance of stability and cutting edge accessibility. They are often employed in roughing and semi-finishing operations, where high material removal rates are desired. The multiple cutting edges of hexagonal inserts allow for efficient machining of complex geometries and contours while minimizing tool changes and setup times.

HUM – Universal Medium For medium-duty turning operations. Soft-cutting chip breaker. Used in applications producing varying chip sections, such as profile or copy turning. Good dimensional accuracy. For soft steel materials and stainless steels.

HMU – Medium Universal A medium universal geometry with a soft cutting action due to its positive geometry. Has a versatile application range, and is suited for turning unstable components and for boring applications.

HUF – Ultra-Fine Finishing For finishing, with a positive cutting edge for reduced cutting forces and superior surface quality.

For external machining and facing. The large point angle is very rigid, and good for rough machining. This is the most commonly used insert.

HMS – Medium High-Temp For medium machining in high-temp materials. Utilizes a micro-finished edge preparation to increase edge toughness.

Triangle Inserts: Triangle inserts, characterized by three equal sides, are valued for their strength and suitability for heavy-duty machining applications. The triangular geometry allows for high feed rates and chip control, making them ideal for roughing and semi-finishing operations. The pointed corners enable efficient machining in tight spaces and corners, enhancing accessibility and reducing the need for additional tooling.

This insert has 3 cutting edges per side. The 80° cutting angle provides high cutting-edge strength for roughing, but the depth of cut is limited by the short cutting edge.

In the realm of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining, the design of cutting inserts plays a pivotal role in determining the efficiency, precision, and versatility of the machining process. CNC inserts, often made from carbide, ceramic, or other advanced materials, come in various shapes tailored to specific machining tasks and materials. Understanding the common shapes utilized in CNC insert designs is essential for optimizing machining performance across diverse applications.

Diamond Inserts: Diamond inserts, featuring a rhombus or diamond-shaped cutting edge, excel in both turning and milling operations. The unique geometry of diamond inserts facilitates smooth chip evacuation and reduces cutting forces, resulting in improved surface finishes and extended tool life. These inserts are commonly used in facing, contouring, and chamfering applications, especially in materials prone to built-up edge formation.

There are many variables that go into choosing the correct insert for your turning operations: insert shape, geometry, grade, and more. The goal is to select an insert that meets your requirements for quality and performance, while providing good chip control, and a reasonable combination of wear resistance and toughness.

For internal machining. The 60° cutting angle provides medium cutting-edge strength that allows for both ID roughing and finishing applications.

HFF – Fine Finishing For finish turning, producing smooth, accurate surfaces. Very good chip control, especially at low depths of cut

Choose the insert grade (coatings) based on the type of material being cut, the specific machining operation (finishing, medium, roughing), and the cutting conditions (smooth, lightly interrupted, heavily interrupted). The insert grade and the chip breaker complement each other to provide specific performance characteristics. A tougher grade can compensate for a cutting edge with less strength, while a more wear resistant grade can provide longer tool life on a stronger cutting edge.

HUR – Universal Roughing Roughing geometry, with smooth chip forming and improved coolant flow for increased tool life. Positive geometry reduces cutting forces, and improves depth-of-cut notching resistance. Ideally suited for stainless steel applications, and for smooth machining of steel.

Choose the insert style (shape and size) based on the features of the part and the desired depth of cut. A larger nose radius is stronger, but requires more machine power, and increases the tendency for vibration. A smaller nose radius increases the access to fine part features, but has a weaker cutting edge.

In conclusion, the selection of CNC insert shapes is influenced by factors such as the machining operation, workpiece material, surface finish requirements, and tool life considerations. By understanding the characteristics and applications of commonly utilized insert shapes, machinists can optimize their machining processes for efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Whether it's square, round, triangular, diamond, hexagonal, octagonal, or customized inserts, each shape offers distinct advantages that contribute to achieving superior results in CNC machining operations.

HFP – Finishing Positive (Single-Sided) For finishing to medium turning operations, with optimal chip control over a wide range of cutting conditions and workpiece materials.

The smaller point angle of this insert is more versatile for finishing and detail work, but it has less cutting-edge strength than other geometries.

HRH – Roughing Heavy For medium-duty to roughing. Outstanding chip control. High edge strength for interrupted cuts, forging skin, or scale. Preferred for all cast iron, such as gray, malleable, and nodular.

Octagonal Inserts: Octagonal inserts feature eight sides and are valued for their versatility and stability in a variety of machining tasks. They offer increased edge strength compared to square inserts, making them suitable for heavy cutting and interrupted machining conditions. Octagonal inserts are commonly utilized in milling, drilling, and threading applications, where reliable performance and precision are paramount.

Square Inserts: Square inserts, characterized by four equal sides, are one of the most ubiquitous shapes in CNC machining. They offer stability and versatility, making them suitable for a wide range of operations, including facing, profiling, and general turning. The 90-degree corners of square inserts facilitate efficient machining along straight edges and shoulders.

Round Inserts: Round inserts feature a circular cutting edge, providing excellent performance in contouring, profiling, and finishing operations. These inserts are particularly advantageous for achieving smooth surface finishes and maintaining dimensional accuracy in curved or radiused workpieces. Round inserts are also preferred for interrupted cuts due to their ability to distribute cutting forces evenly.

HFS – Finishing High-Temp For finishing applications. Ground periphery with positive cutting edge. Ideally suited for high-temp alloys. Micro-finished edge on the ground periphery adds just a slight hone for improved edge integrity and reliability.