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To edit speeds and feeds in our software, you'll need to edit the settings for a custom tool using the Tool Library. To do so, follow these steps:

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In the world of CNC machining, you’ll often encounter the phrase “speeds and feeds.” Finding good speeds and feeds for the type of material and tool you're using is critical in any machining project, but it can feel daunting when you’re just getting started. Luckily, following a few basic principles can make the process much easier.

In particular, compared to a traditional industrial mill, the milling machine’s lower-torque spindle works best with small tools at high spindle speeds and low pass depths. As a result, typical speeds and feeds recommendations may need to be modified, especially when milling hard materials.

Milling is a physical act that drives a sharp, rapidly-spinning tool through a piece of material. Depending on the the type of material and tool you’re using, you’ll need to use different settings to mill successfully.

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Because of all of these factors and more, there’s no one-size-fits-all list of speeds and feeds. Every project is different, and it may require some experimentation to find the settings that work best. Ultimately, what matters is that you end up with a milled part that meets your specifications. Once you know how each input contributes to the end result, it'll be easier to fine-tune your settings.

While every software package uses different nomenclature and different toolpaths require different settings, here are the most important settings to learn:

Poorly-optimized speeds and feeds can break tools, cause tools to get stuck in material, and can cause premature wear. You can end up with parts that have poor surface finish, take too long to mill, and cause the milling machine to be noisy.

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Speeds and feeds are the collection of settings that determine the way in which a milling tool moves through material. Typically, machinists enter their speeds and feeds into CAM software (such as Fusion 360 or the Bantam Tools Milling Machine Software), and the CAM software combines the speeds and feeds with the geometry of the tool to determine the final toolpath.

In this guide, we introduce some of the concepts behind speeds and feeds and share pointers to help you get the most out of your Bantam Tools Desktop PCB Milling Machine. We’ve also put together a list of recommended speeds and feeds for some common materials to get you started.

Milling speeds and feedsChart

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When speeds and feeds are dialed in, you end up with precise parts that have a consistent surface finish. During milling, vibration and noise are minimized, you won’t break tools, and the overall milling time should be optimal for each part.

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If you speak with experienced machinists, you’ll often hear rules of thumb related to speeds and feeds. As an example, one common rule is that the plunge depth should always be half the diameter of the tool. While this conventional wisdom can be useful, it’s important to remember that the Bantam Tools Desktop Milling Machine is quite different from many conventional CNC milling machines and the same rules may not apply.

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Repeat testing until your results are satisfactory. Sometimes it takes a few tests before the perfect settings are dialed in. Although every project is different, using an experimental process like this will allow you to quickly determine ideal speeds and feeds.

Though the below pages were developed when we only sold our Desktop PCB Milling Machine, they are still a good relevant starting point when learning about these materials and using our Bantam Tools Desktop CNC Milling Machine. To make it easier to use these recommended feeds and speeds, we’ve created a way for you to quickly import all the settings you see listed below into our software. To download the custom tool library files, go to the material page listed below. To learn how to use these libraries, check out our Custom Tool Library page.

Milling speeds and feedscalculator

While professional machinists often take the time to calculate and optimize each setting, most users can get away with a bit of experimentation. Instead of worrying about every single factor, start with your best guess and experiment. You might break a few tools along the way, but you’ll quickly develop an intuition for speeds and feeds.

Ultimately, optimizing your speeds and feeds will result in milled parts that are precise, smooth, and look great, without breaking your milling tools.

Essentially, chip load is a number that represents the amount of material that each flute of your tool cuts on each revolution. It’s a useful number to optimize for. If chip load is too big, the tool will break. If chip load is too small, the tool can rub and quickly become dull — this is one reason why slower is not always better! To use our previous scissors analogy, if you use your scissors to make a lot of tiny cuts, they will wear out quickly. Instead, it’s often preferable to use fewer, larger cuts. You’ll cut the same material, but with better results.

202478 — A chamfer is a 45-degree bevel cut across adjoining right angles. Chamfers are often used to create clearance for mating or connecting parts.

Here’s an analogy: Imagine using a small pair of scissors to cut a hole in a piece of paper, wood, and aluminum. Think about how hard you would have to squeeze the scissors for each material, and what the end result might look like. Then, think about using a bigger pair of scissors. The amount of force needed to cut each material is different, and it changes based upon the size of the tool. The same is true when using a milling machine. The type of material and the size of your tool changes how much force you need and how fast you can go. Speeds and feeds are the way to control the forces on the tool as it mills through a material.

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Many professionals choose speeds and feeds from calculations based on the underlying physics of milling. Calculating chip load is one of the ways machinists set a baseline for where they start when dialing in their speeds and feeds.