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Four jaws chuck look much similar to the three jaws chucks, just with four jaws instead of three. The main difference between the two types of jawed chucks is that four jaws chucks are not self-centering, meaning that machinist are required to dial in the workpiece in order to avoid runout by independently adjusting each jaw. While this process might be a little more time consuming, it enables the chuck to hold successfully eccentric or irregular workpieces.

No matter how sophisticated and powerful your machine is, there is no way you will be able to cut metal precisely if your workpiece is not safely and strongly held in place by a workholding device.

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It is also known as three jaws self-centering chuck. It consists of a cylindrical body having three jaws fixed radially at its front. This type of chuck is generally used to hold regular shapes, such as round or hexagonal workpieces.

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While ALL three-jaw chucks are self-centering, not all the four-jaw chucks are equipped with independently adjusted jaws. There are four-jaw self-centering chucks for gripping round and square stocks ! 6-jaw chucks are self-centering, they are useful for more effectively gripping thin wall tubes and softer materials. There is at least once China-based online source that supply 5-jaw self-centering chucks, these are good for machining of special nuts used to prevent unauthorized removal.

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The choice of the most practical device to use generally depends on the on the shape, length, diameter, and weight of the workpiece. Also, the type of cuts you will be taking plays a fundamental role in the selection.

Centers are useful in holding the work in a lathe between centers. The shank of a center has Morse taper on it and the face is conical in shape. There are two types of centers:

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Here are the traditional workholding devices that you will probably encounter at least once in your life as a machinist.

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Face plates went a little bit out of fashion since milling became popular, and a lot of the operations you would do on a face plate can be done more easily and safely on the mill.

In this article, you will find a list of the most commonly used devices that you can find. As always, the beauty of machining lies in the fact that there’s no limit to the solutions a machinist can come up with, and many expert machinists generally enjoy designing and machining their own fixtures.

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In addition to self centering scroll chucks and independent chucks, there are “Combination” chucks. These chucks have a scroll feature and individually adjustable jaws, most popular in 4 jaw configuration but I have seen 3 jaw units as well. A huge time saver for less than critical work and set up time with repetitive jobs. Yet ultra-precise work location is always 3 minutes away with the independent jaws. Once popular in days of old, these are returning to the shop floor slowly.

Faceplates generally have a circular shape and have a threaded hole at its center so that it can be screwed to the threaded nose of the spindle.

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Collet chucks are typically used for holding small or very long workpieces. They are normally used on a center lathe, Capstan lathes, or turret lathe for producing items from bar stock.

Chucks are probably the most widely adopted type of workholding device on the lathe. They are efficient and accurate and work well with most types of workpieces.

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Lathe mandrels, also called arbors, are used to hold previously drilled or bored hole for outer surface machining. The workpiece is loaded over the mandrels between the centers. Mandrels are generally tapered and their ends are slightly smaller than the original diameter for effective gripping.

As we already explained in one of our previous posts, workholding devices are all those tools used to hold your workpieces firmly while your machine does the hard work.

The helical cutterheads have the carbide inserts mounted at a slight angle to the path of the workpiece. This produces a shearing action...

Driving plates and catch plates are generally used to drive a workpiece that is held between centers. While both types of plates have a disk shape, driving plates have a driving pin on the face that is used to engage with straight tail carriers while catch plates feature ‘U’ slots that are designed to fit “bent tail” carriers.

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Rests are used to support a long slender workpiece. They are typically placed at some intermediate point to prevent the workpiece from deflection.

Carriers, also known as lathe dogs, are used along with driving plates. The workpiece is inserted into the eye of the lathe dog and then firmly secured with a screw. They can be divided into two categories depending on the type of tail:

Centers are made of high carbon steel and hardened and then tempered. So the tip of the centers are wear resistant. Different types of centers are available according to the shape of the work and the operation to be performed.