Inserts are with neutral cutting edge or Positive 5 degree cutting edge (P) for soft materials and threadmilling deep holes.

*The stated cutting speeds are average values. In result of the milling process and the type of end mill adjustments might be necessary .Roughing: Reduction of up to 25 % – Finishing: Increase of up to 25 % – HSS end mill: Reduction of up to 50 % (hard materials) – VHM end mill: Increase of up to 25 %

Cutting speed is 366.33SFM. Feed (f). Check the item you want to calculate, input values in the two boxes, and then ...

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In this process, the material is heated and then exposed to atomic nitrogen, which can penetrate the steel or iron. Atomic nitrogen reacts with the metal to increase its hardness and resistance. This process offers a high degree of hardness, but cannot be used with all of the alloy steels.

The maximum possible infeed is usually reduced to the spiral length of the end mill, otherwise the shank will rub on the workpiece. Due to the relief-grinded shank, depths over several infeeds up to the maximum effective lengths are possible, thus, exceeding the spiral length.

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Many processes exist to change the properties of steel tools. These include tempering steel, oil quenching, precipitation hardening, and more. When it comes to durability, metal case hardening is one of the most efficient methods.

Calculate feed rate

To avoid increasing vibration of the end mill, we recommend clamping the bit as short as possible or as long as necessary.

This process must be carried out in a controlled environment to prevent oxygen from being present in the process which changes the outcome of the metal hardening. Partial vacuum processes shorten the time involved and provide a few economic advantages of case hardening.

Acrylic glass, wood, carbon or plastics – each material must be processed with a suitable end mill for the result to look as good as the idea. In addition, the speed and feed rate need to be adjusted accordingly. You will quickly gather your own empirical values, but there are also specific formulas for calculating the speed rate and other values. The easiest way is to use the free STEPCRAFT Milling Calculator. You can find it in the App Store and the Play Store. Simply select your machine, your material and your end mill and the STEPCRAFT Milling Calculator will show you the appropriate speed rate and cutting data in no time.

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In the aerospace industry, where companies must adhere to stringent accreditations and certifications, everything from cylinders, bearings, valves, engine blades, and landing gear requires case hardening. In fact, SST is the only commercially-approved heat treatment company in the United States for certain flight-critical components.

Following this process, there may additional manufacturing costs in the form of a grinding process to remove the thin white layer which forms on the surface. However, there are typically no other heat processes which follow nitriding, which means less deformation to the object.

CNC feed ratecalculator

Example calculation for aluminum (wrought alloy) with 8 mm end mill 2-flute:    n = 19904 rpm from upper formula    fz = 0,064 from chart    z = 2

The cooling of non-ferrous metals occurs in best case with a lubrication system in combination with lubricant. Furthermore, the lubricating improves the surface quality and the service life of the tool. Lubricating with soap solution is suitable on acrylic glass. This improves an excellent surface.

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Carbide end MillRPMChart

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Metal case hardening – often referred to as surface hardening – is a heat treatment process where the chemical properties of the steel’s surface are changed and hardened by adding a thin layer of carbon or nitrogen-enriched surface to the parts. Hardening the steel’s surface helps to extend the life of the steel by making it more resistant to abrasion and direct impacts.

During contour milling, we recommend a lateral infeed of approx. 25 % of the end mill diameter while applying 100 % immersion depth.The immersion depth is conditional to the milling motor, the structure and the stability of the machine. This means a reduction of the values is required, when using a less powerful and / or lighter milling motor.

If the maximum speed of the milling motor is lower than the calculated value, the maximum speed of the milling motor needs to be inserted into the formula for the feed calculation.

In carburizing, the surface hardness of the steel is increased by adding carbon to the component. The component that requires hardening is heated and exposed to a carbon environment. The carbon penetrates the surface of the metal and strengthens it.

LatheRPM calculatormetric

Metal case hardening has multiple industrial applications. For instance, in the automotive and rail industry, gears, bearings, driveshafts, pistons, engines, and gearboxes, are all typically case hardened. Not only does case hardening protect the mating surfaces (teeth) of these components during contact, but it also provides protection against sudden shock loads while helping to extend fatigue life.

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In downcut milling, the end mill pulls itself into the workpiece, which can lead to the gantry or the Z-axis beeing pulled uncontrolled (backlash of lead screw) in the direction of the workpiece during the removal of larger chips. This causes a less precise milling pattern and can even result in the breakage of the end mill, if the chip building is too large.Assuming backlash-free ball screws are used, the downcut is preferred over the upcut milling.

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Low-alloy and low-carbon steel react best during the case hardening process. High-carbon steels can be case hardened, but special steps need to be adhered to in order to ensure the hardening process doesn’t affect the inner core.

2018614 — The key difference between carbide and high speed steel is that the carbide is extremely hard and abrasion resistant and therfore, the tools made from carbide ...

During upcut milling, the end mill pushes away from the workpiece, which, when only removing little chips, quickly causes the cutting edge to push out of the workpiece. This leads to chatter marks which create an unclean surface and reduce the endurance of the end mill.The upcut milling is favored on machines with threaded lead screws which contain backlash.

The steel underneath the hardened layer (inner core) remains minimally changed by the heat treatment process. This inner core is more ductile, or ‘softer,’ than the hardened surface layer. Not only does case hardening improve the wear resistance of the steel’s surface, but it also dramatically improves the strength of the steel by helping it attain its maximum durability.

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We focus on the manufacturing of non-standard precision aluminum parts with complex structures and are committed to delivering high accuracy and consistent ...

Suitability of lubrication system for cutting materialsCu AlloyAl Casting AlloySteel ferriticMg AlloyWrought Aluminum AlloyPearliticCast IronStainless Steels

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Whether you want to harden small steel tools or need to improve the durability of large, complex machinery, SST has the experience to get the job done. Contact us at (586) 293-5355 for more information or to request a quote.