When is a "flute" not a flute? | Yale University Library - flute flute
Machine: One of the following: CNC Lathe, CNC Machining Center, Slotter Machine (Slotting Machine), Shaping Machine, Conventional Lathe, Milling Machine
It isn't wise to stand against me, Leonidas. Imagine what horrible fate awaits my enemies when I would gladly kill any of my own men for victory.
In this method, first the workpiece is clamped in position. Then the keyway is cut by the tool through a series of successive passes. The tool removes an equal amount of material with each pass until the required size of the keyway is achieved.
Keyway cutting using this method on a CNC lathe or machining center eliminates the need to reclamp the tool on a separate machine in order to broach the keyway.
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Wire-Cut EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining) is a process of cutting electrically conductive materials with high precision. It uses a thin, electrically charged wire to cut the required keyway by eroding material via electrical discharge.
Xerxes is depicted as energetic, hungry and a megalomaniac. He truly revels in his divine status, believing that he is unassailable. For this reason he is easily angered by any form of defiance. On the surface he appears calm and braggadocious , but underneath he is somewhat insecure. When Artemisia disobeyed his orders and scorned him, he was angry enough to knock her down, but he did not execute her. Rather he seemed shaken by her declaration "Do not forget who put the crown on your childish head!" and did not restrain her. Most of the time he is consumed with his lust for vengeance against the Athenians, due to the part they played in slaying his father Darius. He holds the Greeks in obvious revulsion, yet he declared that he was impressed by the might of the Spartans.
Xerxes is a legendary king of Persia. He is the overall main antagonist of 300 film series and the archenemy to the protagonist, King Leonidas. He is the main antagonist of the film, 300, and the secondary antagonist of the sequel, 300: Rise of an Empire. He is based on the real King Xerxes. He wanted to rule the entire world and conquer Greece, especially Sparta.
Xerxes Relatives Darius (father) Occupation King of The Achaemenid Empire Biographical information Marital status Married (Possibly)Presumed Deceased (During ending) Physical description Species Human Gender Male Height 9'2" (approximately) Eye color Brown Appearances Portrayed by Rodrigo Santoro Appears in 300300: Rise of an Empire
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The operation is performed on dedicated machines such as a shaper or a slotter. As for cutting tools, either integral keyway cutting tools or inserted broaching tools as in the second method can be used. An adapter might be necessary to clamp the tools depending on the machine type.
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The ultimate choice will depend on the size and geometry of the workpiece, keyway dimensions and quantity. By understanding these factors and applying best practices, manufacturers can make informed decisions and optimize their keyway cutting processes to maximize efficiency, precision, and overall performance.
Broaching, keyway cutting with inserted broaching tools, keyseating, Wire-Cut EDM, shaping, milling, and keyway cutting with driven broaching heads each offer unique advantages and limitations.
This high-speed broaching method is commonly used on CNC lathes. It creates keyways similarly to the second method, which utilizes static broaching tools. However, driven broaching tools are remarkably faster, exceeding the speed of static tools by over 10 times.
In the aftermath of Thermopylae, Xerxes advances on the corpse of Leonidas and, in a fit of rage, decapitates him. While his army advances through the hot gates of Thermopylae, Xerxes encounters Ephialtes and sends him with a message to the Athenians; that Athens will be next to face his wrath. He is later seen holding Leonidas' severed head while his army burns down Athens.
While Xerxes and Artemisia are in Athens, Xerxes relishes in his apparent victory over Greece, while Artemisia broods over her failure to sway Themistocles to her side. However, Ephialtes approaches them with news of the Athenian fleet in Salamis, and of Themistocles' survival. Both of them are surprised by this. Artemisia intends to destroy him once and for all, but Xerxes objects, feeling that it may be a trap. He advises her that she should not be hasty, and should take the right amount of troops. Artemisia replies that he should not attempt to counsel her in naval warfare, but this angers Xerxes, and he counters that she should not defy him as he is the king. He also reminds her of his victory over the Spartans and the destruction of Athens. When Artemisia points out the flaws in these recent victories, Xerxes angrily strikes her in the face. Despite this, Artemisia insists she shall achieve victory with her entire fleet. Xerxes commands her to stop, but she states that the success of his reign is due to her.
At the Battle of Salamis, Xerxes observes the battle from a cliff. Once Artemisia has fallen and the Spartans arrive, Xerxes turns his back on the battle and retreats to his contingency force waiting on land.
Xerxes makes various appearances throughout the film. He is seen rallying his troops when Artemisia arrives and tells him of the Greek fleet assembling. Xerxes is undeterred, feeling that his divine power assures him certain victory.
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On the second day, Xerxes sends in new waves of armies from Asia and other Persian subject states, including war elephants, to crush the Spartans, but to no avail. Meanwhile, an embittered Ephialtes defects to Xerxes to whom he reveals the secret path in exchange for wealth, luxury, women, and a Persian uniform. The Arcadians retreat upon learning of Ephialtes' betrayal, but the Spartans stay.
300: Riseofan Empire
Although he is bald and clean-shaven in the film, the real Xerxes had "real" hair on his head and as well as a moustache and beard.
With his father's dying breath, he states to Xerxes to give up the campaign, saying, "Only the Gods can defeat the Greeks." For seven days, Xerxes mourned for his father, making him vulnerable for the vengeance-starved Artemisia to plant the seeds of madness within him.

In 300: Rise of an Empire, more of Xerxes' past is revealed. Ten years ago, prior to the first film, Xerxes is a prince while his father, King Darius, leads the Persians to attack Greece. The Athenians attack first before the Persians could prepare for battle. In this battle, Themistocles kills Darius with a single arrow, causing the Persian forces to retreat back to their kingdom.
Driven broaching heads (live broaching units) are specialized tools that can be mounted on CNC lathes with C-axis or CNC milling machines. These driven tools convert the rotary motion from the turret/spindle to linear motion to drive an inserted broaching tool through the workpiece.
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Shaping or slotting is a method that involves using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool to remove material and create the keyway. The cutting tool moves horizontally or vertically along the workpiece, gradually cutting the internal keyway with each pass.
Keyways play a crucial role in mechanical systems, enabling power transmission between shafts and other machine elements. Cutting an internal keyway can be a challenging task, but with the right method and tools, it can be done with precision and efficiency.
Cutting keyways with inserted broaching tools is a modern broaching method, using a tool holder with replaceable cutting inserts. These keyway cutting tools can be used on CNC machines and a variety of other machines for slotting and shaping. This offers greater flexibility and reduced tooling costs compared to traditional broaching.
It’s also called static broaching tools since the Z-axis movement necessary for chip removal comes from the machine itself. On the other hand, a driven broaching unit generates the back-and-forth movement in Z-axis by itself. (See third method for details)
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During the machining operation the lower body of the angle head needs to dive into the bore to cut the internal keyway. So this method is suited for workpieces with a bore large enough to accommodate the angle head.
The battle begins soon after the Spartans' refusal to lay down their weapons. Using the Hot Gates to their advantage, as well as their superior fighting skills, the Spartans repel wave after wave of the advancing Persian army. Xerxes personally approaches Leonidas and offers him wealth and power in exchange for his submission. Leonidas declines and mocks the inferior quality of Xerxes' fanatical warriors. In response, Xerxes sends in his elite guard, the Immortals; the Spartans nonetheless defeat them with few losses, with slight help from the Arcadians.
Broaching is a widely used method for cutting internal keyways, involving the use of a broach—a specialized cutting tool with a series of progressively larger teeth. The broach is clamped on the broaching machine and either pulled or pushed through the workpiece to broach the keyway.
On the third day, the Persians, led by Ephialtes, traverse the secret path, encircling the Spartans. Xerxes' general again demands their surrender. Leonidas seemingly kneels in submission, allowing Stelios to leap over him and kill the general. Angered, Xerxes orders his troops to attack. Leonidas throws his spear at the god king and cuts Xerxes' cheek, much to his shock. Leonidas and the remaining Spartans fight to the last man until they finally fall to an arrow barrage.
This process is highly accurate and can be used to machine intricate keyway profiles in conductive materials. In addition, it is particularly effective in cutting precise keyways when working with hard materials.
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Milling an internal keyway requires the cutting tool, e.g. an end mill to to cut at 90º along the bore length. This kind of operation will usually require an angle head to dive into the bore vertically. The keyway is machined by removing material with the rotating cutting tool which is clamped to the angle head.
Gisstec, with over 30 years of experience in clamping technology, manufactures angle heads, broaching tools, live broaching tools and turning tools with highest quality standards and distributes the products worldwide with excellent customer service, certified with DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System.
In this comprehensive guide, we will discuss seven popular internal keyway cutting methods. We will explore the advantages and limitations of each method, provide use case examples, and offer best practices to help you make an informed decision.
Keyseating is a method that uses a reciprocating cutting tool, called a keyseater or keyway cutter, to cut the keyway. The cutting tool is mounted vertically in the machine and moves up and down while the workpiece remains stationary.
After being blessed and wrapped in anointed bandages, Xerxes sets out on a journey through the desert. Xerxes finally reaches a cave and bathes in an otherworldly liquid, emerging as the "God-King", with every bit of his humanity surrendered to give him the form he is now. He then returns to Persia and declares war on everyone.
Cutting internal keyways is an essential task in many industries, and selecting the most appropriate method for a particular application is critical to achieving the desired results efficiently.
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