“There are Chinese alternatives for all of these products, but none of them are up to our standards for our Creativity Centers,” Xu says. “I think we must offer the highest-quality supplies right from the start, because the first things students use can influence their woodworking experience for the rest of their lives.”

When compared to carbon and low-alloy steels, the level of corrosion resistance offered by stainless steels is much higher. This is primarily attributable to the high amount of chromium that is included in stainless steel alloys, with the majority of grades possessing at least 10% of the element. Milling steel, on the other hand, may be a very challenging process. Because stainless steels are infamous for being “end mill killers,” it is vital to dial in your speeds and feeds and use the appropriate tool in order to achieve success in machining. In order to achieve more efficient machining, one of the most crucial steps is choosing the appropriate tools, but another is finding the optimal operating settings. The running parameters for machining stainless steel are determined by a number of different elements, however there are certain fundamental recommendations that may be followed as a starting point.

The process of determining the correct speeds and feeds for your end mill may be a hard one. However, it is essential to have a grasp of the optimal feeds and speeds before you begin operating your machine in order to guarantee that your end mill will last as long as it should. When an end mill is run at a speed that is too high for it, the chip size produced may not be ideal, and the end mill may even break. On the other hand, a low RPM might lead to deflection, a poor finish, or simply lower rates of metal removal. Contact the HUANA tools if you are confused what the optimal feeds and speeds are for the task that you are working on.

Aside from new opportunities in higher education, there’s a second new market for woodworking in China. For the first time in its history, the country is experiencing a growing middle class. Along with their new prosperity, some middle-class Chinese are turning to woodworking as an avocational interest. Xu says he services about 25,000 hobbyist woodworkers already. Woodworking clubs are also beginning to form to help bring woodworkers together. For instance, a new franchise called “M.Y. Lab” offers a membership-based “maker space” where woodworkers use the shop, tools and supplies to build their projects. They also receive skills training by M.Y. Lab staff. Xu sees new opportunities for Harvey Industries to provide these clubs with both machinery and other supplies, just like it’s doing for the educational market.

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There’s yet another new venture for Harvey Industries, where Xu is serving as a matchmaker between the Chinese government and some 12,800 colleges and universities. It’s an unlikely development that’s taken shape over just the past five years or so.

Aluminum is one of the materials that is machined the most often since most forms of the material have good machinability. As a result, aluminum is one of the materials that is most frequently utilized in manufacturing. Because of this, there is often a lot of rivalry in the market for aluminum machining. Machinists may get a competitive edge in their field by mastering sophisticated milling procedures for aluminum as well as the fundamentals of tool selection, operating parameters, and other milling processes. The performance of highly balanced machining centers, which are able to run at higher RPMs and feed rates, is optimized for the use of high balance end mills, which are intended to greatly boost that performance. These cutting tools have been particularly designed with a fine balance for high-velocity machining in aluminum (up to 33,000 RPM). Even at high speeds and high depths of cut, the sweet spot won’t be present in every single aluminum milling operation. This is true even when the speeds and depths of cut are increased. There are at least three circumstances in which it is possible that it is not essential to look for a sweet spot.

Steel can be machined and is a material that can be found in almost any kind of machine shop. Determine the milling operation’s end mill for steel cutting speed and feed rate, as well as the cut time for a specific cut length, before beginning the milling process. In milling operations, a workpiece is fed into a spinning cutting tool that has sharp teeth, such as an end mill for steel. This causes the removal of material from the workpiece. Calculations for end mills for steel employ the required tool diameter, number of teeth, cutting speed, and cutting feed. These parameters should be set based on the unique cutting circumstances, which include the material of the work piece and the material of the tool. When milling steel, the feeds and speeds will be all over the place since it depends on the grade of steel, the material of the tool, the depth and breadth of the cuts, the number of flutes, and so on.

Milling requires running the end mill at the appropriate speeds and feeds; this is by far the most crucial component of the process. In order to facilitate more informed decision-making about the operation of your end mills, we have organized these suggestions into a number of distinct categories. There are several high-performance end mills that have extremely particular operating characteristics in relation to the material families they cut. These have also been included as individual suggestions on the list. These end mills are intended to process a wide variety of materials; but, because to their compact size, feeds and speeds must be carefully tailored to each material. It is important not to overfeed since doing so might result in breaking.

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Because these tools have a relatively short length of cut, it is possible to prevent unwanted extension, which is often what leads to deflection and fracture in the material. • They may be used for general-purpose milling including profile, slotting, keyways, and pockets. These end mills are intended to cut tough and abrasive materials, ranging from medium to the greatest hardness levels machinable by end mills.

One way the government has begun to encourage more creative thinking is to subsidize colleges and universities that add creative-based courses to their curriculum. Among those new course options is woodworking.

In 2005, with a team of 30 employees, Harvey Industries began to manufacture woodworking machinery. At first, there was just a 10-in. cabinet saw and a planer, which Steel City Tools picked up when that company incorporated. But, with that initial success, and then a few other important contracts secured, the product line began to blossom. Over the past 12 years, Harvey’s woodworking machinery business has grown steadily, with the company now making band saws, various table saws, a wood lathe, dust processors, shapers and spindle motors. Xu credits the growth to Harvey’s high standards of manufacturing, some luck and his continued efforts to be a good matchmaker between supply chains and clients.

Then it began to dawn on him: in order for students to really learn woodworking, a table saw wouldn’t be enough. What colleges or universities need are fully-equipped shops and well-trained teachers to manage them. It would need to be a systematic approach.

Xu says he’s always considered himself to be a matchmaker of sorts, bringing the metal-working industries of his clients together with the Chinese factories who could supply them with the machinery they needed. Still, when he was just a trader and not a manufacturer, that matchmaking was difficult.

When machining stainless steels, it is generally advised to use an SFM of between 100 and 350, and the chip load should range from. 0005″ for a 1/8″ end mill up to. 006″ for a 1″ end mill…

So, Xu took matters into his own hands and set out to create a company that would raise the level of quality of Chinese machinery. But, the metal-working machinery business was an important revenue source, and Xu didn’t want to erode the relationships he already had in that business by launching a new brand and competing against his former colleagues. What could his new Harvey Industries make instead?

Harvey has already translated nine woodworking books from English into Chinese and published them. Xu also has spearheaded an effort to offer only the highest quality products into these Creativity Centers — many of which are imported from the U.S. and Canada. SawStop, Lie Nielsen, Veritas, Gorilla Glue, Kreg and Rockler are among the many brands being sourced for Chinese students to use in their college woodworking classes.

“In China, traditionally students being given the answers to problems. Teachers teach that the solutions to the important questions of math, science and otherwise are already known,” Xu says. “Students aren’t encouraged to be creative … to come up with their own answers to new questions.”

Jack Xu, president of Harvey Industries, has certainly experienced change in his business. But he’s also embraced the innovations and improvements that can come about through change, which even now are altering the kind of business he’s doing within the woodworking industry.

Just this year, Xu has moved Harvey Industries forward by designing a couple of innovative products that add to the company’s core line of metal-working and woodworking machines. You may have seen our recent video of the GYRO G700 Dust Processor. It’s a Harvey Industries “innovation” product, with features and efficiency unlike any other woodworking dust collector on the market. The company’s new T40 Turbo Midi Lathe uses a unique motor controller and has an especially heavy-duty build for a benchtop lathe.

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Harvey Industries has also added an 8,000 sq.-ft. woodworking shop to its Nanjing factory. Here, college teachers are brought in for basics training in woodworking methods and tool use. The shop is staffed by four full-time woodworking trainers.

So, he and his business partner envisioned three alternatives: food processing machinery, textiles machines or stationary tools for woodworking. Any of the three could have been viable choices, so Xu let chance be his guide.

“Through woodworking education, we learn that there isn’t just one answer to every problem or question. There can be new answers, and even new questions! By being allowed to make mistakes and then solve them, that’s where learning happens,” Xu says. “I’m very proud to be helping Chinese students and hobbyists become better independent thinkers using our resources at Harvey Industries.”

“We flipped a coin on it, twice. It came up in favor of woodworking, and that was as much fate as we needed to say, ‘Let’s do it!’”

The distance that the end mill penetrates into the material is referred to as the depth of cut. a common unit of measurement is in millimeters or thousandths of an inch. When rough cutting stainless steel, for example, you might use a feed rate of 0.020 inches per revolution and a depth of cut of 0.100 inches. This would result in a diameter reduction of 0.200 inches. General machine practice recommends using a depth of cut that is up to five times greater than the rate of feed. If chatter marks or increased machine noise are seen, the depth of cut should be decreased.

When it comes to selecting the appropriate parameters to run, the majority of people center their attention on the speed, which is directly related to the machine RPM. This is not correct at all! First ensure that the correct feed per tooth (FPT) is being used, and only then should you alter the speed. When a component is being written and tested out for production, the programmer will often use conservative settings, which will result in chatter. The reason the tool is making such a disturbing noise, known as chatter, is because it is not cutting the material correctly. In most cases, the first line of defense is to reduce the RPM, which will result in the disappearance of the chatter. Although this strategy is successful most of the time, it is not productive. What has just transpired is that the FPT has grown as a result of decreasing the speed while maintaining the feed rate in the same manner. And it’s most probable that the FPT from earlier was already set too low to begin with, which is what led to the talk in the first place.

So Xu, and Harvey Industries, are now helping some 200 universities achieve these goals through what he calls “Creative Centers.” The company provides the institution with Harvey woodworking machinery, other high-quality hand and power tools, accessories, learning materials and training. The program is growing rapidly.

“China has had an export and infrastructure investment economy for a long time,” Xu says. “But cheap labor and an economy with more than 50 percent of its revenue based on investment isn’t sustainable. Even export is becoming risky, because costs are going up.”

When milling curved surfaces, slotting, and pocketing, ball end mills, which are also known as ball nose end mills, are the tools of choice. In the process of manufacturing molds, a tool called a ball end mill with a circular cutting edge is often used. The machining of three-dimensional contour forms, such as those generally found in the production of turbine blades, and the fulfilment of general component radius requirements are all appropriate applications for ball nose end mills. The Effective Cutting Diameter (Deff) of a ball nose end mill is not the same as its actual cutting diameter when the Axial Depth of Cut (ADOC) is less than the whole radius of the ball.

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Eighteen years ago, he founded Harvey Industries in Nanjing, China, as an OEM supplier of metal-working machinery. Prior to that time, Xu had been in the business of trading metal-working machinery but not manufacturing it. He knew the industry well, but he also knew its shortcomings.

The speed at which the lead screw or feed rod is turning is what determines the feed rate of an end mill. The quick-change gearbox’s changing gears are responsible for controlling the vehicle’s speed. When doing a rough cut, the objective is to simply eliminate any surplus material from the stock; hence, a coarse feed should be used. When completing a cut, it’s necessary to have a nice surface finish, and because the process has to finish the size of the machining components, using a fine feed is something that needs to be done. When doing ordinary CNC turning with an HSS cutting tool, it is advised that the roughing feed rate be between.005 and.020 inches per revolution, while the finishing feed rate be between.002 and.004 inches per revolution. When referring to a milling machine, the term “feed” refers to the rate, measured in inches per minute, at which the workpiece advances toward the cutter. The milling machines that LBCC has feature feed systems that are separate from the spindle speeds of the machines. This configuration works well and enables quicker feeds to be used with cutters that have a slower rotational speed.

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“We knew we had an advantage in cast iron, because China’s foundries manufacture so much of it,” Xu says. “I knew the best parts suppliers already. And I knew we would need to make machines that are assembled by humans and not robots. We couldn’t be big enough back then for robotic assembly lines.”

One of the few constants in life is change. Whether we embrace it, or brace ourselves against it, change is bound to happen, regardless.

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“When we launched Work Sharp at the end of 2007,” Kyle Crawford recounted, “we immediately started listening to customer feedback.”

“We were doing a little business with higher education already, supplying a table saw or other machine here or there,” Xu recalls. “But our core business was in the hobbyist market, not the educational market. I didn’t take that segment of the market seriously.”

“I’ve given this considerable thought over the past few years,” Xu says. “The logic is pretty simple: Creativity comes from the joined efforts of knowledge, imagination and hand’s on practice — elements woodworkers in other places already do so well.”

“I’ve always admired the high level of quality of machines made in the U.S., Japan and Germany. But back then, the quality of Chinese metal-working machinery was very poor,” Xu says. “Considering my background as a mechanical engineer, I knew Chinese machines could be made much better.”

Currently, Harvey Industries does business with 105 countries, both as a metal-working and woodworking tool supplier. In 85 of them, the company sells as its own Harvey Industries label. For the others, Harvey serves as an OEM supplier, providing machines for around 50 different tool brands. He estimates that about one third of those machinery brands are found in the U.S., and several of them are major woodworking tool companies we use in our shops.

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The pace at which the outer edge of the tool is moving when it is cutting is referred to as the cutting speed. Surface speed is another name for this concept. There is a one-to-one correspondence between surface speed, surface footage, and surface area. The bigger of two tools that are revolving at the same number of revolutions per minute (RPM) has the higher surface speed of the two. The unit of measurement for surface speed is the surface foot per minute (SFM). The surface footage concept underlies the operation of any cutting instrument. The kind of material being cut and the type of cutting tool being used are the two primary factors that determine the cutting speed. When determining the optimal cutting speed, the level of toughness of the material being cut into plays a significant role. The more difficult the material being cut, the slower the cutting speed will be.

The Chinese government’s answer to a more stable future is to shift the economy into more innovation-based opportunities. And the first step toward making that long-term goal a reality is to re-educate its students by changing the curriculum within higher education. The government is targeting colleges and universities.

It refers to the overall quantity of metal that is sliced away with each pass of the cutting tool. It is written out using millimeters. It may change and be contingent on the kind of tool and the substance being worked on. According to the formula, it is equal to half of the difference between the diameters.