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Nickel is a valuable transition metal that is used in a wide range of sectors. It is the fifth most abundant element on planet Earth and is derived from laterites and magmatic sulphides. It has a very high demand as it is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of materials due to its dazzling silvery-white appearance. Despite being chemically reactive, pure nickel creates a passivation coating of nickel oxide on its surface under normal circumstances, which prevents further corrosion. Nickel can combining with other metals to make a variety of alloys.

Nickel is one of the most versatile natural substances on the planet, with several applications in a variety of industries. Despite its abundance, it is found mostly in the Earth's core and in trace amounts in the Earth's crust. Its qualities, especially its shiny silvery-white look, make it highly desired for use in the fabrication of a wide range of materials. It has numerous applications, including military equipment, wires, and even coins. Around 3,000 nickel-containing alloys can be found in everyday products like pipes, angles, coils, rods, sheets, plates, bars, tubings, and much more.

Nickel is a valuable transition metal that is derived from two basic sources: laterites and magmatic sulfides. The metal has the chemical symbol Ni and an atomic number of 28. Due to its historically difficult extraction procedure, its name is taken from the German term "Kupfernickel," which means "devil's copper."

Nickel-58 is the most plentiful of these stable isotopes, accounting for approximately 68% of all natural nickel on Earth. Nickel-60 is the second most common stable isotope, accounting for approximately 26% of natural nickel. Nickel-61 and nickel-62 are uncommon, accounting for approximately 1% and 4% of natural nickel, respectively.

Nickel mining and smelting can pollute the environment, particularly through water and soil contamination. Nickel-plated goods and dishes can potentially pollute the environment and taint food. Air pollution is also caused by the combustion of fossil fuels and the refining of nickel ore.

Nickel has five known isotopes: nickel-58, nickel-60, nickel-61, nickel-62, and nickel-64. Only nickel-58, nickel-60, nickel-61, and nickel-62 are stable, which means they do not deteriorate with time.

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Although Nickel's electronic configuration predicts a valency of +2, it exhibits varied valencies in various chemical compounds and complexes due to its transition metal features and the engagement of d-orbitals in bonding. for example, Nickel shows valency of +2 or +3 in the combination\( [NiCl_4]^{2-}\). Similarly, Nickel has a valency of +3 in \(Ni_2O_3\).

Nickel is usually found in conjunction with other elements. It is most commonly found in nickeline, pentlandite, millerite, and arsenic and sulphur in nickel galena, along with sulphur and iron. The majority of nickel extracted on Earth comes from laterite and magmatic sulfide. Indonesia and Australia have the greatest estimated nickel deposits, accounting for 43.6% of the world's total. According to geophysical research, the majority of the nickel on Earth is found in the planet's outer and inner cores. nickel is found in all soil and is emitted by volcanoes. It is primarily found in the environment as oxides or sulfides when mixed with oxygen or sulfur, and it is also found in lumps of minerals called seafloor nodules on the ocean floor.

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Its electronic configuration of \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^8 \)illustrates how its 28 electrons are arranged in various energy levels and subshells.

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Nickel exposure can be hazardous to one's health, particularly for mining employees. Nickel compound inhalation can lead to allergies, fibrosis, and lung cancer. Nickel exposure is mostly obtained by oral ingestion, however, background quantities are usually not dangerous. Larger quantities of nickel, on the other hand, can be poisonous and carcinogenic. Nickel, the most common proven contact allergen worldwide, can also cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals.