Pump shafts, valves, rivets, bolts, jet engines and mining machinery etc. are made from Martensitic grade steel. The common grades included in this alloy are 410, 414, 420, 431, 414, and 440.

After multiple analysis of stainless steel over CNC machining, SANS has provided following features stainless steel shows while processing:

Titanium-Carbonitride (TiCN) – it resists wear and chipping and avoids material prevention from accumulation during machining.

It has minimum 0.04% carbon content. This type of stainless steel is used when high strength is required even at extreme temperature environment.

The ISO designation system for indexable inserts (ISO 1832) is a standardized system to name an indexable insert. ... Neither the carbide grade nor the ...

Other high speed steel square end mills – Roughing, undersized tolerance, high speed steel end mill with two milling ends, etc.

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Coolants also play vital role in removing the built-up heat in the workpiece and cutting zone and also gives lubrication to reduce the friction between chips removal and end mill. When using cutting materials that are prone to corrosion, the coolants protects the material and tool to corrode.

Titanium-Aluminum-Nitride (TiAIN) and Aluminum-Titanium-Nitride (AlTiN) – Both dissipates heat compared to other end mills at fast speeds. This coating contains layer of aluminum oxide that transfers heat to chips and keeps the tool cool.

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During heavy working and high friction, extreme cutting heat is generated because cutting heat is heavily concentrated between tool-chip contact and cutting area. The heat dissipation in this process is very poor.

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... feed and speed values reduced by 10% less than above data. ... 1) Select your material in the ISO colored chart with respect to material description and hardness ...

Though the stainless steel has some pros and cons in above-mentioned processing features, selecting the right cutting tool, cutting fluid, processing method and cutting amount greatly impacts the quality of the material.

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The unique physical properties of stainless steel make it difficult to select the right end mill which delivers the requirements and simultaneously does not damage the material as well as machine.

Flutes and coatings – They are available in 2, 3, 4, 6, & 8 flutes and are also available in uncoated as well as all one coating TiN (Titanium Nitride).

Other cobalt steel square end mills – Roughing, end mill for aluminum, bronze, and brass, cobalt steel square end mill with two milling ends.

There are 5 different categories for stainless steel. These 5 categories are named due to these alloy elements that affect microstructure.

These grades are recognized by their names such as 304L. The letter L means low carbon which should be maintained at 0.03% or lower to prevent carbide precipitation which can be generated while welding.

Gravers are small cutting tools used for stone setting, texturing, de-burring and applying decorative embellishments and traditional hand engraving.

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The cutting process for stainless steel is divided into finishing and roughing. For finishing, a cemented carbide that contains high TiC. But for roughing requirements, use a cemented carbide with low TiC content.

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Here, we will discuss some important information about stainless steel and factors that guides to selection of right end mills. This section covers following:

Other ball end mills – fast cutting, ball end mill for fiberglass/graphite/carbon fiber, ball end mill with two milling ends, high speed ball end mill etc.

The stainless steel shows large plastic deformation while processing which requires more cutting force. It has high thermal strength and work hardening which enhances cutting resistance. It is also difficult to break and curl the chips during milling.

The stainless steel is scale, acid, impact and toughness resistant in many temperature ranges. It becomes an ideal choice in many applications because it provides various grades and surface finishes. The chromium present in the steel forms an invisible, rough film made up of chromium oxide which prevents from corrosion.

What is stainless steel in basic terms? It is the alloy steel that has chromium more than 12% or nickel more than 8%. In corrosive media, this element shows corrosive resistance in atmosphere and at high temperatures >450°C, it shows high strength. When the percentage of chromium in steel is between 16%-18%, it becomes acid-resistant steel or acid-resistant stainless steel.

It is one of the most commonly used non-magnetic stainless steel. Its most common alloy is iron-chromium-nickel steel known as 300 series. It is highly formidable and maintains strength even at high temperatures. It is used to make shafts, valves, aircraft accessories etc.

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If you are working with high-speed steel end mills, helix angle between 35-45 should be selected. Select end mill for stainless steel with larger helix angle when working with thick-walled material. But when working with stainless steel with thin walls like pipes, it is preferred to use a corner end mill.

This grade is not anti-corrosive so 2% nickel is added to improve resistivity, products made from this grade are pressure plates, surgical instruments, valve components, bolts etc.

The coated end mills are primarily used for milling soft materials which gets adhesive under increasing temperatures and stick to the material thereby damaging the tool and material both. The uncoated end mills are used for milling in general purposes and short period production runs.

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Flutes and coatings – They are available in 2, 4, 6, & 8 flutes and are also available in uncoated as well as all one coating TiCN (Titanium-Carbo-Nitride).

The last 4th category is a super duplex stainless steel containing highest nitride and molybdenum, some tungsten and copper. It is suitable for harsh conditions and is good corrosion resistance.

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The coefficient of linear expansion of stainless steel is 1.5 times higher than carbon steel. The material suffers from thermal deformation during cutting temperature and so it becomes hard to control dimensional accuracy.

End mills for stainless steel or even any other material are used for slotting, plunging, roughing or smooth finishing. The most important factor in an end mill depends on number of flutes. The lesser the flutes the harder material it mills and vice versa. For stainless steel, 4-flute end mills are used for general milling purpose but for finishing, 6-flute end mills are used.

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Cutting inserts are available made of carbide, ceramic, boron nitride and diamond. Indexable insert geometry and grade complement each other: the degree of ...

To prevent edge chipping during stainless steel processing, it is recommended to increase strength of blade and reduce rake angle. If the steel in action is made of hard alloy, select the helix angle between 5-10 degrees.

Other square end mills – Fast cutting, fast cutting with chamfer corner, over-size tolerance, fast cutting roughing, carbide square bur end mill, roughing carbide square end mill. etc

Flutes and coatings – They are available in 2, 3, 4 flutes and are also available in uncoated as well as all 3 types of coating material; TiN, TiCN, TiAN.

It contains aluminum and chromium. When cooled from extreme temperatures, it resists hardening which is why it is ideal for welding applications. It is easily shaped and processed. Products like steam turbine, quenching parts and heat exchangers etc. are made from it.

Apr 21, 2023 — The feed rate and cutting speed are two crucial variables that affect the process quality and effectiveness in CNC machining.

Stainless steel consists of high toughness and plasticity which is why it forms continuous chips while machining. This affects the smooth machine operation as well as crushes processed surface. Under extreme pressure and heat, the stainless steel suffers from adhesion with other metals which not only wears the tool but also damages the processed surface.

It contains lowest alloy content. It is a low cost steel grade and contains minimum of 1.5% chromium which is why it is specifically resistant to acids and chemical corrosion. It is used to manufacture products that delivers combination of corrosion resistivity and strength like fasteners

Similar to martensitic steel, they are also pure chromium steel having no nickel content and offers resistance to cracking and stress. Though these steels are magnetic, they do not harden by heat treatment but are cold worked. Most common application of them are some automotive applications and decorative strips etc.

Flutes and coatings– They are available in 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 and 11 flutes and are also available in uncoated as well as all 4 types of coating material discussed above.

The stainless steel is used widely in fields of aviation, aerospace, electric power, food and petroleum industries. Below are some of its uses in some industries:

Stainless steel shows specific properties when milled on CNC machines. Though it is common knowledge in manufacturing industry about functions of different types of end mills, keeping the special processing requirements of stainless steel in mind helps to set the specialized cutting parameters and careful selection of end mills for stainless steel. This ultimately results in maximum output from the CNC milling machine.

Once you know the material’s properties and how it functions under machining process, it becomes easy to select the cutting tool.

Purpose – These end mills consists of same properties as carbide square end mills with the exception that they are used to mill rounded slots, contours, slopes etc. because they have a ball end.

But end mills also come more than 6 flutes. Some of the end mills with lowest and highest number of flutes are discussed below:

During cutting of the stainless steel, diffusion and bonding between the tool and chip occurs that results in diffusion and bonding wears. This ultimately produces tiny cutting edges because stainless steel has high content of carbide particles.

Select your tap and your drill size. There are tables for this. Once you have your drill size, regrind the cutting edges of the bit, flattening the tip.

Because it contains high quantity of chromium, it is highly corrosive. It has anti-scalping properties and is difficult to process. Products like nitric acid storage tanks, combustion parts etc. are made from it.