Genomic Sequence: NC_086028.1 Chromosome 10 Reference GRCr8 NC_051345.1 Chromosome 10 Reference mRatBN7.2 Primary Assembly NC_005109.4 Chromosome 10 Reference Rnor_6.0 Primary Assembly

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A higher tempering temperature will yield a somewhat softer material with higher toughness, whereas a lower tempering temperature will produce a harder and somewhat more brittle material, as shown by the figure below.

Correctly performed hardening will result in a good balance between hardness, toughness and corrosion resistance of the finished knife blade.Further details of how hardening is carried out

Tempering temperatures below 175°C (347°F) should be used only in exceptional cases, when extreme demands are made on high hardness, since very low tempering temperatures will result in a very brittle material. Similarly, tempering temperatures above 350°C (662°F) should be avoided, since this could give rise to brittleness and reduced corrosion resistance. Note that if the tempered blade is exposed to temperatures above the tempering temperature (e.g. during grinding), the properties of the knife will be impaired.

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Tempering should be carried out within a reasonable time after hardening, preferably within an hour or so. It is of vital importance that the blade should be allowed to cool to room temperature before tempering is started. The transformation to martensite will otherwise be interrupted and the hardening results may be impaired.

To reduce the brittleness, the material is tempered, usually by heating it to 175–350°C (347–662°F) for 2 hours, which results in a hardness of 53–63 HRC and a good balance between sharpness retention, grindability and toughness.

This section includes genomic Reference Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which this gene is annotated, such as RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both reference and alternate assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.

Hardening is a way of making the knife steel harder. By first heating the knife steel to between 1050 and 1090°C (1922 and 1994°F) and then quickly cooling (quenching) it, the knife steel will become much harder, but also more brittle.

A camping knife or a survival knife, for example, may be tempered at 350°C (662°F) so that it will be able to withstand rough handling without breaking. On the other hand, if the knife is expected to keep a sharp edge, it can instead be tempered at 175°C (347°F) for maximum hardness.

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