Toward this goal, as announced in the Federal Budget 2022, the three federal research funding agencies are offering designated awards for Black scholars through the agencies’ existing funding opportunities. The agencies have also integrated EDI Considerations in Research Design elements into award application processes.

The three federal funding agencies are committed to supporting the development of transferable professional skills and ensuring that access to these opportunities is equitable and inclusive. The agencies will work to:

The agencies welcome the new investments in Canada’s research ecosystem provided by the Federal Budget 2024 and are committed to harmonizing and simplifying programs at all levels for directly funded students and postdoctoral researchers, as well as addressing barriers that hinder equitability and accessibility. The agencies will work to:

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Indigenous students and postdoctoral researchers have faced challenges and barriers in pursuing successful education pathways leading to inequitable participation in the Canadian research enterprise. First Nations, Inuit and Métis are rights-holding First Peoples: initiatives must be co-developed with these communities to ensure that their needs and priorities are met.

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The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) is Canada’s federal funding agency for health research. Composed of 13 Institutes, CIHR collaborates with partners and researchers to support the discoveries and innovations that improve our health and strengthen our health systems. CIHR was designed to respond to the evolving needs for health research and seeks to transform health research in Canada by: funding investigator-initiated research as well as research on targeted priority areas; building research capacity in underdeveloped areas and training the next generation of health researchers; and focusing on knowledge translation that facilitates the application of the results of research and their transformation into new policies, practices, procedures, products and services. CIHR’s mission is to create new scientific knowledge and to enable its dissemination and implementation into improved health, more effective health services and products and strengthened Canadian health systems.

This theme aims to further success, recognizing the Indigenous-specific research context, and supporting broader access to programs for Indigenous students and postdoctoral researchers. Many of the proposed elements of Theme 4: Equity, Diversity and Inclusion will also benefit Indigenous students and postdoctoral researchers.

Gaining research experience early in an academic path can increase the likelihood of students pursuing research careers. There are fewer awards for students at the undergraduate level than at the graduate level at the agencies, limiting the attraction of students to pursue higher level research degrees. The agencies will work to analyze options to allocate funding across research training levels, including at the undergraduate level, to optimize the impact of investment in building research capacity, and develop a plan based on the results of the analysis.

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Martensite is not shown in the equilibrium phase diagram of the iron-carbon system because it is not an equilibrium phase. Equilibrium phases form by slow cooling rates allowing sufficient time for diffusion, whereas martensite is usually formed by fast cooling rates. Since chemical processes (the attainment of equilibrium) accelerate at higher temperature, martensite is easily destroyed by the application of heat. This process is called tempering. Since quenching can be difficult to control, many steels are quenched to produce an overabundance of martensite, then tempered to gradually reduce its concentration until the right structure for the intended application is achieved. Too much martensite leaves steel brittle, too little leaves it soft.

The strategy is grounded in the principles of Equity, Diversity and Inclusion and the funding agencies relied on Best practices in Equity, Diversity and Inclusion to ensure that engagement was as inclusive as possible. Meaningful engagement with people from equity-deserving and rights-holding groups, a diversity of external partners, communities and subject matter experts informs this strategy. Equity-deserving groups include, but are not limited to, women, persons with disabilities, members of visible minority/racialized groups and members of 2SLGBTQI+ communities. The agencies recognize that First Nations, Inuit and Métis are rights-holding First Peoples in Canada.

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It can be more difficult to recruit and provide equitable and accessible programs and opportunities to international students and postdoctoral researchers because of additional costs, logistics, visa processing time, and other complications and barriers. Likewise, current indicators of past success, such as a record of competitive awards or records of past activities, are sometimes not available in other countries.

The agencies commit to expanding opportunities and removing barriers for continued study and research in Canada for international students and postdoctoral researchers. The agencies will work to:

Academic institutions partner with the agencies to administer scholarship and fellowship competitions from the review process to the distribution of award funding. Review processes at both tri-agency and institutional levels are not always clear or transparent: this can lead to confusion with and/or misunderstanding of the system. Similarly, funding reallocation practices, where institutional funds are redirected away from students and postdoctoral researchers once they receive an agency award, may not be transparent or well-publicized and may cause confusion or financial stress on award recipients. In collaboration with institutional partners, the agencies will work to:

A crystallographic analysis has shown that the martensite plates have very definite crystal orientations with respect to the original structure. These orientation relationships can nowadays well be accounted for by phenomenological theories, described first by Wechsler, Lieberman and Read, and Bowles and Mackenzie, discussed in the book by Nishiyama and in the book edited by Otsuka and Wayman.

Designing funding agency policies to address systemic barriers that limit the full participation of talented individuals is essential to creating the excellent, innovative and impactful research necessary to advance knowledge and understanding, that can respond to local, national and global challenges.

CRCC and the three federal research funding agencies extend thanks to the members of the research community, including the many who provided their feedback to us in the context of program evaluations, reports, events, panels, forums, etc.—particularly the members of the Tri-agency Research Training Strategy External Advisory Committee—for their valuable insight into the development of the Tri-agency Research Training Strategy.

The strategy undertakes to foster openness, engagement and accountability through open communication, engagement with and updates to the community.

The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) supports world-class research in the social sciences and humanities to advance knowledge and understanding to meet Canada’s current and future challenges and promote new opportunities for Canadians. Through grants, fellowships and scholarships, SSHRC helps Canada’s researchers do what they do best: train the next generation of talented, creative thinkers and doers; build knowledge and understanding about people, cultures and societies; and work with partners across all sectors to drive innovations that address the challenges of today and tomorrow.

Certain programs, policies, procedures, requirements, technology, established norms and biases can perpetuate barriers that disproportionately and cumulatively affect equity-deserving and rights-holding groups. Some applicants face systemic barriers and unconscious bias long before they apply for an award, reducing the opportunities available to highly qualified individuals to meet current selection criteria.

Martensite is a hard, brittle form of steel with a tetragonal crystalline structure, created by a process called martensitic transformation. It is named after metallurgist Adolf Martens (1850-1914), who discovered its structure under his microscope during his metallographic research and explained how the physical properties of different types of steel were affected by their microscopic crystalline structures. Martensite commonly is found in tools such as hammers and chisels and in swords.

To ensure a sound Tri-agency Research Training Strategy that is relevant and responsive to the current needs of students and postdoctoral researchers, certain elements were deemed essential. A strong system of support will ultimately enrich the research ecosystem and the quality, relevance and impact of research across multiple sectors. The funding agencies must provide leadership in supporting the development of the research and innovation leaders of tomorrow: to do so, they have developed a strategy that adheres to the key principles outlined below.

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The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is Canada’s largest funder of science and engineering research, with a sterling international reputation thanks to unwavering support for research excellence. NSERC supports the work of the best and most promising researchers, students and postdoctoral researchers at universities, colleges, CÉGEPs and polytechnics across the country. The research programs and projects NSERC funds can be curiosity-driven, applied, industry-focused, interdisciplinary or high-risk/high-reward, uniformly enriching today’s research ecosystem and our society.

Students and postdoctoral researchers can greatly benefit from opportunities for international research and mobility as part of their research training programs. International experience can help develop some of the skills and experience needed for the jobs of the future, such as initiative, adaptability, problem solving, intercultural cooperation and language skills. Mobility—both Canadians going abroad and international researchers coming to Canada—helps Canadian research teams stay connected to the very best research taking place around the world.

One of the differences between the two phases is that martensite has a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure, whereas austenite has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Martensite has a lower density than austenite, so that the martensitic transformation results in a relative change of volume.

The goal of this theme is to adapt the learning objectives of tri-agency awards to better reflect current career trajectories. This theme links to the CRCC priority of Supporting early career researchers.

The agencies are grateful to our institutional partners for their invaluable role in the delivery and improvement of scholarship and fellowship programs.

The strategy draws on current evidence, good practices, meaningful consultations and data and ensures that the findings of the Tri-agency Talent Evaluation, the Canada Graduate Scholarships Program Evaluation, the Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships Program Evaluation, the Banting Postdoctoral Fellowships Program Evaluation, the Report of the Advisory Panel on the Federal Research Support System and the House of Commons Standing Committee on Science and Research are considered.

The martensite is formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of austenite which traps carbon atoms that do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure. This martensitic reaction begins during cooling when the austenite reaches the martensite start temperature (Ms) and the parent austenite becomes mechanically unstable. At a constant temperature below Ms, a fraction of the parent austenite transforms rapidly, then no further transformation will occur. When the temperature is decreased, more of the austenite transforms to martensite. Finally, when the martensite finish temperature (Mf) is reached, the transformation is complete.

To develop an equitable, inclusive, accessible and effective suite of scholarship and fellowship funding programs in support of a diverse population of students and postdoctoral researchers.

To support, inspire and empower the next generation of research leaders for the benefit of Canada, today and into the future.

In coordination with the Tri-agency Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Action Plan and the agencies’ individual Accessibility Plans, this theme aims to achieve a more equitable, diverse, accessible and inclusive Canadian research enterprise, focusing on the agencies’ research training award programs.

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The agencies are committed to addressing barriers to equitable and inclusive access to scholarships and fellowships. The agencies will work to:

The martensitic transformation is a diffusionless phase transition in the solid state with a large deviatoric component. What this means shall be illustrated by a simple two-dimensional sketch.

Building on the guidance provided by the CRCC, the evidence and data collected, as well as the feedback received from the community, the three federal funding agencies identified themes and are committed to exploring the following related action items.

To address the growing complexity of the Canadian research ecosystem and to meet the changing needs of students and postdoctoral researchers, the strategy is one of several coordinated and evidence-informed efforts that have been undertaken by the three federal research funding agencies. These efforts have resulted in key initiatives that will underpin the development and implementation of activities included in this strategy.

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The strategy aligns with the four strategic directions outlined in the tri-agency strategic plan, Setting New Directions to Support Indigenous Research and Research Training and Canada: self-determination, decolonization of research, accountability and equitable access.

The martensitic transformation leaves also characteristic marks on the surface. In figure 8 is shown the surface contrast due to a partial martensitic transformation in an iron-nickel single crystal. The dark bands are the traces of martensite plates that have grown through the sample volume and have intersected with the surface leading to a surface upheaval. The long ones have formed first, and between them shorter ones have appeared whose growth has been impeded by the long ones.

The three federal research funding agencies have been working to harmonize program components for some time. However, the scholarship and fellowship program landscape, with multiple types of awards being offered at both tri-agency and individual agency levels, remains complex.

Success of the strategy will rely on a coordinated suite of research training programs that is user-friendly and responsive to the needs of the research community.

The agencies are committed to reducing barriers and increasing access to their programs. The agencies, in collaboration with Indigenous partners, will work to:

Many of the action items apply to more than one theme, but they are included in the theme where they will have the most impact. As the strategy is implemented, the agencies will further engage with partners and communities to collaborate and co-develop specific actions. The implementation of the strategy will be developed employing EDI best practices, including Gender-Based Analysis plus (GBA Plus) principles and an intersectional lens to ensure equitable outcomes that take into account the diverse needs of the community.

The three federal funding agencies also recognize the importance of research security in the conduct of research and research training, as well as in research funding opportunities and policies. Best practices in this regard will be considered where appropriate and following the guiding principles of the tri-agency guidance on research security as the funding agencies advance the above commitments.

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The three federal funding agencies commit to increasing the international portability of scholarships and fellowships. The agencies will work to:

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This theme has the goal of providing the research community with harmonized, streamlined and user-friendly programs, and reducing the administrative burden on applicants, reviewers and institutional partners while addressing barriers to full and equitable participation.

While work is already underway on multiple fronts across the agencies that complement the strategy, it is important to acknowledge that more work needs to be done. Funds and direction provided to the agencies in the Federal Budget 2024 will contribute to advancing some of these initiatives.

The strategy is guided by a vision that is shared among the agencies and its collaborative partners. Feedback on the needs and priorities of the community was provided by students and postdoctoral researchers via their respective associations and advisory committees, by early career and established researchers, by program administrators, and by postsecondary and other partners.

The three federal research funding agencies are committed to building on ongoing initiatives to strengthen Indigenous research capacity through the strategic plan Setting new directions to support Indigenous research and research training in Canada. In alignment with this plan, SSHRC and NSERC launched the Indigenous Scholars Awards and Supplements Pilot Initiative in September 2022.

Students and postdoctoral researchers are at the heart of the strategy. An external advisory committee was formed of students, postdoctoral researchers, early career and established researchers who have demonstrated their commitment to improving conditions for students and postdoctoral researchers. The membership of this committee represented a broad spectrum of diverse backgrounds, research areas, and lived and living experiences.

Equilibrium phases form by slow cooling rates allowing sufficient time for diffusion, whereas martensite is usually formed by fast cooling rates. This process is called tempering. Too much martensite leaves steel brittle, too little leaves it soft. The resulting martensitic steel is extremely hard but very brittle. Thus, the martensite is then heated in a process called tempering, which causes the martensite to transform partially into ferrite and cementite.

Career paths for students and postdoctoral researchers are increasingly leading to options outside academia and research-intensive careers: research training and career mentorship should evolve accordingly. An important part of the solution is to incorporate opportunities to further develop professional skills into the training experience and highlight transferable skills, both of which would enable award holders to expand their career options.

The Canada Research Coordinating Committee (CRCC) advances federal research priorities and the coordination of policies and programs of Canada’s three federal research funding agencies and the Canada Foundation for Innovation. It provides a senior strategic forum for sharing information, building consensus and making decisions on forward-looking initiatives that strengthen Canada’s research enterprise, foster world-leading research and advance the social and economic well-being of Canadians.

The agencies acknowledge that our Ottawa headquarters are located on the unceded territory of the Anishinaabe Algonquin people, who have been the traditional guardians of this land since time immemorial. We also pay respect to all First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples across Canada and recognize and respect their ancestral treaty rights.

The Tri-agency Research Training Strategy is centred around the research training programs of the three federal funding agencies that provide direct support to students and postdoctoral researchers, putting a focus on the renewal and modernization of these programs. Actions stemming from this strategy should be introduced and applied over the next five years. The strategy itself will be examined and/or renewed at the end of this period. Indirect training opportunities whereby students and postdoctoral researchers receive experiential training and funds through a supervisor’s grant were considered out-of-scope. However, the agencies will develop an approach that will consider the whole suite of programs which contribute to research training when implementing this strategy and the Management Response and Action Plan.

The agencies acknowledge the influencing role of direct scholarship and fellowship funding on stipends/salaries of all students and postdoctoral researchers, including those supported indirectly by the agencies. In implementing this strategy and other initiatives, including the new investments provided by the Federal Budget 2024, the agencies will be mindful of the connections between programs that fund students and postdoctoral researchers directly and those that provide funding indirectly through a supervisor’s research funds.

Consider in figure 1a a quadratic array of circles, representing the atoms. For some reason this array becomes unstable and distorts to the lattice shown in figure 1b.The distortion shown is large, but the area of the array can remain the same. It is a homogeneous distortion of the original lattice in which an atom does not change its position with respect to its neighbors, it only alters their distances. This is characteristic of diffusionless transformations with large shape changes. For these reasons the transformation can be called deviatoric.

The goal of this theme is to support international mobility of Canadian students and postdoctoral researchers through increased portability of awards and to develop options for broadening opportunities for international applicants, including those from equity-deserving groups.

As part of its priority to advance research training, the CRCC tasked the three federal funding agencies (CIHR, NSERC, SSHRC) with the development of a Tri-agency Research Training Strategy to deliver an equitable, inclusive, accessible and effective suite of scholarships and fellowships that help support and prepare a diverse population of undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral researchers for careers requiring strong research skills in all sectors of society.