Depending on the type of article you read, many different types of tooling can be recommended for hardened steels. For instance, it may be suggested that high speed steel (HSS) tooling with a cobalt substrate can be used to machine hardened steels, which is not recommended for materials above 45HRc. Even with a reinforced cobalt cutting edge, HSS tooling does not have the hardness or strength to effectively cut through hardened steels. Although HSS is tough, cutting through high hardness steels will cause the tool to either chip or break during the machining process.

What are4 flute endmills used for

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In all circumstances, carbide tooling should always be first choice for hardened steel machining. Carbide has hardness and wear resistance properties which can effectively deal with the properties and problems hardness steels offer. Even then, not all carbide tooling will be able to machine hardened steels.

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Before looking at the type of drill required to tackle hardened steels, we must first define what hardened steels are. A common way to do this is through the Rockwell hardness scale, which indicates different hardness levels and is a good way to assess the type of tooling required to tackle a specific material. EN3A, for instance, is a very soft steel which is around 175 Brinell (approx 9HRc), meaning any HSS or carbide drill would be able to penetrate this material with ease.

End mill flutetypes

Typically, soft or medium steels are classified as any steel up to 30HRc, with pre-hardened steels up to 45HRc. Any steel type above this would fall into the hardened steel category. In Brinell Hardness, this would be above 419HB. Although hardened steels don’t have a limit in the hardness levels it can go up to, different types of hardened steel may require its own tooling (e.g. a 50HRc hardened steel may need different tooling to a 75HRc hardened steel). Therefore, hardened steels are not themselves a singular material type but a broad term to encompass a variety of materials with their own properties and tooling requirements.

Fully stocked in diameters as miniature as .0080", these solid carbide Miniature Reamers feature a 45° chamfer angle.

What are2 flute endmills used for

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o-fluteend mill

At Cutwel, we supply an array of tooling for machining hardened steels from 45HRc right up to circa. 70HRc. As part of our popular Dream Drill range from market leading supplier YG-1, we have a specific range of carbide drills designed for high hardened steels.

Four flute end mills are used for all end mill operations.  The flute volume is less on 4 flute mills, but they are the most common number of flutes.  The larger number of flutes allows for a faster feed rate.   They may not perform as well in grooving operations, because the chips are crowded. These are available as square end, ball end, corner radius, and drill mill geometries.  They are available in lengths stub, standard, long, extra long, extra extra long, and extra long reach.  They come as uncoated carbide, or PVD coated AlTiN, AlCrN, TiN, or TiCN.  The diameter range from .010"-1-1/4" and 1mm - 25mm.

Singleflute end mill

This range is designed for high hardened steels, including quenched steels and tempered steels, up to 70HRc. It features a low 15° helix angle to maximise rigidity, which is especially important in hard steel drilling. Furthermore, cutting loads are minimized through a special flute thinning geometry, reducing pressure on the tool and preventing tool breakage or chipping during machining applications. Together, this means the Dream Drill Hardened Steel range gives exceptional performance in exceptionally tough conditions.

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A quick way to ascertain the suitability of a carbide drill for hardened steels is whether cutting data is available for the chosen drill which covers hardened steels. If it doesn’t, it is likely the manufacturer did not intend for that drill to be used with hardened steels. Because of the unique properties of hardened steels, manufacturers will usually have specific fine carbide ranges for dealing with these materials. It is highly recommended, especially at high hardened levels, that these types of tools are used.

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3flute vs 4 flute end mill

GENERAL PURPOSE END MILL SPEEDS & FEEDS. RECOMMENDATIONS – SOLID CARBIDE ... STAINLESS STEEL-HARD. 50 – 250 .0002-.001 .001-.002 .001-.005. TITANIUM-SOFT.

4 flute vs5flute end mill

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As with all carbide Dream Drills from YG-1, the drill also features a self-centring geometry with 140° drill point. When a drill is self-centring, no spot or centre drilling operations are required. Machining operation times can therefore be slashed, whilst downtime can be kept to a minimum. To engineers, this means more jobs can be processed in the same period of time, and more revenue can be generated.

We understand that hardened steels can be a tricky material to machine, which could quickly become an expensive and time-consuming process if the correct tooling and machining set-up is used…

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Hardened steel is a broad term used for any type of steel which has been heat treated to offer additional wear resistance, hardness and durability over standard carbon, alloyed and soft steels. As a result, an engineer cannot approach a job involving hardened steel in the same way as standard soft-to-medium hardness steels. Special tooling and machining set-ups will be required to prevent tool breakage or scrapped jobs, which can cost valuable time and money.