In addition to displacive transformation and diffusive transformation, a new phase transformation that involves displasive sublattice transition and atomic diffusion was discovered by Chen et al.[2] using modern diffraction technique. The new transformation mechanism has been christened by the scientists Pseudomartensitic transformation.[3].

Difference between coarse and fine threadchart

If fine threads have so many advantages, why do we still need coarse threads? As you might suspect, the differences between fine and coarse threads also bring some less-desirable traits in various applications.

If you're looking for thread taps for fine threads for your next project, check out our online shop! At BAER, you'll find taps for the metric fine thread and many other international standards. If you have questions about thread types or our products, please don't hesitate to contact us. Our friendly customer service is always here to help.

Especially in industrial production, the differences between fine and coarse threads can lead to a slower assembly since the smaller pitch angle requires a more extensive rotation angle. For load-bearing connections, unless there's a concrete reason for using fine threads, it's best to opt for coarse threads.

The difference between austenite and martensite is, in some ways, quite small: while the unit cell of austenite is, on average, a perfect little cube, the transformation to martensite sees this cube distorted by interstitial carbon atoms that do not have time to diffuse out during displacive transformation, so that it is a tiny bit longer than before in one dimension and a little bit shorter in the other two. The mathematical description of the two structures is quite different, for reasons of symmetry (see external links), but the chemical bonding remains very similar. Unlike cementite, which has bonding reminiscent of ceramic materials, the hardness of martensite is difficult to explain in chemical terms.

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This smaller thread depth becomes advantageous when threading thin-walled components. In contrast to fine threads, a coarse thread might not fit due to its deeper profile.

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When searching for the right threading tools, you've probably come across various abbreviations marking different threading standards. In Europe, the letter M is the most common. It represents the metric ISO thread, which is standard in many places. You might have already worked with this threading standard and are familiar with it. But have you ever wondered why, besides the metric coarse thread M, there is also a metric fine thread MF? And what is the difference between fine thread and coarse thread? As a tap manufacturer, we have the answers for you!

Fine threadvscoarse threadstrength

Martensite is not shown in the equilibrium phase diagram of the iron-carbon system because it is a metastable phase, the kinetic product of rapid cooling of steel containing sufficient carbon. Since chemical processes (the attainment of equilibrium) accelerate at higher temperature, martensite is easily destroyed by the application of heat. This process is called tempering. In some alloys, the effect is reduced by adding elements such as tungsten that interfere with cementite nucleation, but, more often than not, the phenomenon is exploited instead. Since quenching can be difficult to control, many steels are quenched to produce an overabundance of martensite, then tempered to gradually reduce its concentration until the right structure for the intended application is achieved. Too much martensite leaves steel brittle, too little leaves it soft.

Martensite has a different crystalline structure (tetragonal) than the face-centered-cubic austenite from which it is formed, but identical chemical or alloy composition. The transition between these two structures requires very little thermal activation energy because it occurs displacively or martensiticly by the subtle but rapid rearrangement of atomic positions, and has been known to occur even at cryogenic temperatures. Martensite has a lower density than austenite, so that the martensitic transformation results in a relative change of volume:[1] this can be seen vividly in the Japanese katana, which is straight before quenching. Differential quenching causes martensite to form predominantly in the edge of the blade rather than the back; as the edge expands, the blade takes on a gently curved shape.

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Coarsevsfine threadchart

The thread profile of a fine thread is narrower than that of a coarse thread. Specifically, the pitch is smaller, but the external diameter and the flank angle remain the same as the coarse thread of the same size. This means the thread depth decreases, and the core diameter increases. In simpler terms, a fine thread has more threads over the same length than a coarse thread. This is a significant difference!

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Difference between coarse and fine threadvscoarse thread

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In the 1890s, Martens studied samples of different steels under a microscope, and found that the hardest steels had a regular crystalline structure. He was the first to explain the cause of the widely differing mechanical properties of steels. Martensitic structures have since been found in many other practical materials, including shape memory alloys and transformation-toughened ceramics.

Plain-carbon steel (up to 2.1% carbon) Stainless steel (alloy with chromium) HSLA steel (high strength low alloy) Tool steel (very hard; heat-treated)

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To understand the difference between fine and coarse threads, we need to talk about the thread profile. This refers to the complete set of measurements characterizing a specific type of thread. Imagine cutting a screw lengthwise. Viewing the thread, you'd see a series of thread turns, a continuous sequence of peaks and valleys. The "mountain slopes" are called flanks, and the angle between two adjacent flanks is the flank angle. The distance between the peaks of two adjacent threads is called the pitch. And right here, we find one of the primary differences between fine and coarse threads.

Difference between coarse and fine threaddrywall screws

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Prosandcons ofcoarse and fine thread

Martensite, named after the German metallurgist Adolf Martens (1850–1914), is any crystal structure that is formed by displacive transformation, as opposed to much slower diffusive transformations. It includes a class of hard minerals occurring as lath- or plate-shaped crystal grains. When viewed in cross-section, the lenticular (lens-shaped) crystal grains appear acicular (needle-shaped), which is how they are sometimes incorrectly described. "Martensite" most commonly refers to a very hard constituent of steel (the alloy of iron and carbon) important in some tool steels. The martensite is formed by rapid cooling (quenching) of austenite which traps carbon atoms that do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure.

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The pitch in fine threads is also noteworthy for another reason: it's always indicated in their designation. With coarse threads, a specific pitch is assigned to each nominal size. So, if you purchase screws or threading tools labeled M 10, they always have the same pitch. With fine threads, things are different since various combinations of nominal diameter and pitch are possible. Hence, you'll find designations like MF 10 X 1. This is another difference between fine and coarse threads.

The shallower thread depth makes drilling a receiving thread easier. For example, a hand tap set for fine threads consists of only two drills compared to three for coarse threads because less material needs to be removed.

The use of thread inserts creates highly resilient and very wear-resistant threads even in materials with lower strength. They are therefore very popular for strengthening or repairing threaded connections. Of course, with the BAER claim to always offer the highest quality and precision at a fair price. In addition to thread inserts, thread repair sets & assortments, you can choose from BaerCoil screw tap and assembly tools in a very wide range of dimensions.

Difference between coarse and fine threadmetric

Austenite (γ-iron; hard) Bainite Martensite Cementite (iron carbide; Fe3C) Ledeburite (ferrite - cementite eutectic, 4.3% carbon) Ferrite (α-iron, δ-iron; soft) Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite) Spheroidite

The smaller pitch is the most notable distinction between fine and coarse threads. But what implications does this design have on the physical properties of the threaded connection? To understand this, think of tightening or loosening a screw as pushing or pulling a load on an inclined plane. It's essentially the same, but with a screw, the inclined plane wraps around the bolt. A smaller pitch leads to a smaller lift, a critical difference between metric coarse thread and fine thread. This is the basis for two highly desirable properties in fine threads: an enhanced self-locking mechanism and fine-tuning capability, both of which we'll explore next.

Difference between coarse and fine threadangle

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Due to their enhanced self-locking capability, fine threads don't easily loosen, even under vibrations and shocks. If you want a solid connection under such conditions without using a screw lock, fine threads are an excellent choice.

Shape memory alloy also has surprising mechanical properties, that were eventually explained by an analogy to martensite. Unlike the iron-carbon system, alloys in the nickel-titanium system can be chosen that make the "martensitic" phase thermodynamically stable.

The main issue is that due to their specific construction, fine threads are much more sensitive than coarse threads. They can easily seize up and jam during tightening, particularly during high-speed assembly. Their shallow profile also means they get dirty more easily and can strip more readily.

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With their tighter thread profile, a fine thread is stronger than a coarse thread of the same size. This strength becomes vital when space is limited.

The small lift allows for highly accurate adjustments. Hence, fine threads are often used for measuring and adjustment screws — anywhere precision adjustments are needed.

The explanation hinges on the crystal's subtle change in dimension. Even a microscopic crystallite is millions of unit cells long. Since all of these units face the same direction, distortions of even a fraction of a percent become magnified into a major mismatch between neighboring materials. The mismatch is sorted out by the creation of a myriad of crystal defects, in a process reminiscent of work hardening. As in work-hardened steel, these defects prevent atoms from sliding past one another in an organized fashion, causing the material to become harder.