It is difficult to ensure that all of the inserts fitted into a milling cutter are accurately set to the same cutting edge height. Therefore, as shown in animation 1 to the right, steps in the machined surface may occur.

Identify the parts performed by angle milling cutterqui

Surface feet per minute (SFPM or SFM) is the combination of a physical quantity (surface speed) and an imperial and American customary unit (feet per minute or FPM). It is defined as the number of linear feet that a location on a rotating component travels in one minute.

Millingmachine tools name

These calculations are based upon theoretical values and are only intended for planning purposes. Actual results will vary. No responsibility from Kennametal is assumed.

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By increasing the number of teeth in a face milling cutter it is possible to improve the machining efficiency. However it does lead to an increase in the cutting resistance or power required to carry out the machining.

Identify the parts performed by angle milling cutterpdf

Wether rake angles (a radial rake angle, an axial rake angle, a true rake angle and a cutting edge inclination angle) are positive ( ) or negative (-) is determined by the inclination of the cutting edge. This can be seen in the images to the right.

Types ofmillingcutters with diagram

Up cut milling is a method of machining in which the direction of the cutter rotation and the feed direction of the workpiece are opposite. Down cut milling however is opposite to that of up cut milling. The direction of the cutter rotation and the feed direction of the workpiece are the same. When carrying out centre cutting, both up cut and down cut are simultaneously conducted. As one side of the centre line will be up cut whilst the opposite side will be down cut milling.

For example, a face mill with six teeth, pitch angles in regular division are 60° each.  Meanwhile, for differential pitch face mill cutters the pitch angles are 65°, 56°, 59°, 65°, 56° and 59°. The reason for the cutting edges to be designed with this differential pitch is to dampen out the vibrations encountered whilst machining.

13 different types ofmillingcutters

The term differential pitch is used to describe a process in which the cutting edges of a face mill are purposely designed at irregular pitches. An example of which can be seen in the picture.

A rake angle is an important factor to determine the sharpness of the cutting edge and the direction of chip flow. The picture shows various angles of a face mill cutter.

Types ofmillingcutters pdf

Inches per minute (IPM) is a speed measurement of how many inches traveled in a minute, without regard to direction. In machining, it is primarily used as a feed rate (imperial units).

Typical insert geometries used for face milling cutters include pentagon, trigon, rectangle and round, in addition to the most commonly used triangular and square. Polygonal inserts have a larger number of usable corners. However, if the inserts inscribed circle is the same then the cutting edge length reduces.

Note: The circumference unit is in inches and is dependent on if it’s a milling or turning operation. For milling operations, the circumference is of the cutter (tool in the spindle). For turning operations, the circumference is of the workpiece (the material in the chuck).

A CNC mill calculates speeds and feeds or SFM based on the information the user enters. The type of CNC mill, the type of machine controller, and the age of the machine will affect the amount of information that can be input directly into the machine. Historically G-code was created externally from a CNC machine and then loaded onto the machine. Externally created G-code was authored either with a dedicated CAM software or with a plug-in embedded in the 3D parametric modeling software. The user would input the same CNC machine they want to create the part on (with the specific work holding fixture), the type of tooling (manufacture, part number etc.), and the specific material being machined. The software generates the speeds and feeds based on the part's geometry and all the inputted information. This creates the optimal speeds and feeds or SFM tailored to the exact part and CNC machine.

Which method to be used will depend on the machine and the face mill cutter that has been selected. Generally down cut machining offers longer tool life than up cut milling.