Our example has a G in this place. This indicates that the insert has a cylindrical hole and has a double-sided chipformer.

ANSI insert nomenclature

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ISOinsertchart

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The success or failure of a turning job often depends on decisions made early in the process -- before the cutting even begins -- about a small piece of carbide, cermet, ceramic, or diamond.

HSPM1 series chamfer end mills are 4-flute cutters designed for high-speed performance chamfering in steel, stainless steel, and high-temperature alloys, with secondary applications in cast iron and aluminum. They are solid carbide end mills, with a TiAlN coating.

ISO turninginsert nomenclature

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Single-point cutting tools remove workpiece material by using one of the insert’s cutting edges. But how do you differentiate one insert from another? It starts by understanding their designation.

The fifth position in ANSI’s designation is either a one-digit or a two-digit number that shows the I.C. size (in eighths of an inch) for round, square, triangle, trigonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, and rhombic inserts. If it’s a one-digit number, the eighths of an inch make a whole number.

Titanium Carbon Nitride (TiCN) provides excellent abrasive resistance, and hardness to the cutting edge. It does not perform well at very high temperatures, so properly applied coolant is a must. This coating is perfect for aluminum and abrasive high-silicon aluminum alloys.

ISOinsert nomenclaturepdf

Insert choice requires taking into consideration a whole host of variables, including an insert’s size, shape, and overall design features. In most cases, the tool is held in a fixed position in a tool body and the workpiece rotates in the lathe’s turning axis.

Insert measurements and tolerances can get tricky and change based on the insert's shape, so it’s a good idea to consult the literature that accompanies your tooling purchase to get this right.

For parallelogram- and rectangular-shaped inserts, width and length dimensions are used instead of the I.C. In these cases, a two-digit number designates the insert’s size. The first digit is how wide the insert is (in eighths of an inch) and the second digit is how long the insert is (in quarters of an inch).

Turning on a lathe is an operation in which a stationary single-point cutting tool meets a rotating workpiece to produce axially symmetrical shapes. Sounds pretty easy, right? Well, it typically is, if the correct cutting parameters and inserts are chosen for the job.

Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) coating increases the resistance to wear, ductility, and heat transfer through the chips, making these cutters a good all-around choice for roughing and finishing steel, stainless steels, cast iron, and high-temperature alloys.

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The space provided by this clearance keeps the insert from rubbing against the part. If the insert does have a 0-degree clearance angle (N), chances are it is being used in a roughing operation. The different clearances are:

Insert nomenclaturechart

The DOC should not exceed 66 per cent of the cutting edge's length for insert shapes S and C, 50 per cent of the cutting edge's length for insert shapes T and D, 25 per cent of the cutting edge's length for insert shapes W and V, and 40 per cent of the insert's diameter for shape R.

There are 14 tolerance classes, the third place, that show how each insert indexes. Each class is denoted by a capital letter. Letters for tolerances are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, U, and N, which describe the size of the cornerpoint, thickness, and the inscribed circle (I.C.) of the insert. An I.C. is the largest circle that can be drawn inside the given shape.

Chamfer Mills are one of the most common tools used by machinists, because nearly every machined component requires at least one chamfer operation. Many machining operations leave a burr or sharp edge on the workpiece, and a chamfer mill removes the sharp edges, leaving a smooth, angled surface or chamfer.

In addition to chamfering, these versatile chamfer mills can be used for several other machining operations, such as creating a full bevel along the edge of a part, breaking sharp edges, countersinking holes, or preparing material for welding operations.

The fourth place in an insert’s designation is another capital letter. This one helps describe more of the insert’s design features, such as its fixing holes, countersinks, and any chipformer features. There are 14 standard types (A, B, C, D, G, J, M, N, Q, R, T, U, W, X).

For turning inserts, it comes in the form of a 10-place string of numbers and letters, (the first seven are required and the last three are optional), with each describing a portion of the tool.

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Whether the application calls for rough turning, medium turning, or finish turning, the decision on what technology to use should come well before the material is loaded onto the machine or into the bar feeder.

These measurements and tolerances can get tricky and change based on the insert's shape, so it’s a good idea to consult the literature that accompanies your tooling purchase to get this right.

Other than shape, an insert’s size is one of the variables that is easily noticed. In our example, the 4 indicates that the insert’s size is 1/2 in.

The first place shows the shape of the insert. There are 17 standard indexable insert shapes, and each is given a capital letter. In our example, C indicates that the insert is a rhombic-shaped insert of 80 degrees.

The eighth, ninth, and 10th positions in ANSI’s guide are optional and represent the cutting edge condition (aka edge prep, such as sharp, rounded, or chamfered); cutting direction (left, right, or neutral); and information on the insert’s chipformer (FP -- finishing sharp, UN -- universal medium, and HP – high positive).

Some inserts, like round ones (R), have high edge strength, while some rhombic-shaped inserts (D and V) have a sharp point, which is good for finishing operations. Trigonal inserts (W) often are used for rough machining because of their larger point angle. Each has its place. The shape of the insert also determines how many separate edges can be indexed to as each wears out. The common insert shapes are:

To help insert recognition, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) developed B212.4-2002 to allow machinists, purchasing departments, and tooling sellers to quickly and easily describe the shape, dimensions, and important parameters of turning inserts.

Carbideinsert Nomenclature

Carbideinsertidentification chart PDF

To do this it’s important to have at least some understanding of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) turning insert designations. ANSI developed this system of numbers and letters (B212.4-2002) to allow machinists, purchasing departments, and tooling sellers to quickly and easily describe the shape, dimensions, and important parameters of turning inserts. It essentially gets everyone on the same page.

Milling insertspecification

Inserts can be designed with or without holes; have cylindrical, single-countersink, or double-countersink holes; and come with multiple chipformer styles. If the insert has a designation of X in this location, it has a special design.

HSAM1 series chamfer end mills are 2-flute cutters designed for high-speed chamfering primarily in aluminum and steel, with secondary applications in stainless steel and cast iron. They are solid carbide end mills, with a TiCN coating.

Also known as the clearance, the second place shows the angle between the flank and top surface of the insert. Each relief angle is denoted by a capital letter. In our example, the insert has a 0-degree relief angle.

A large nose radius can use higher feed rates, larger DOCs, and handle more radial pressure. A small nose radius takes only small cutting depths, has a weaker cutting edge, and can handle only a small amount of vibration. Our example insert has a radius of 2, meaning it has a nose radius of 1/32 in.

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Insert thickness is measured from the bottom of the insert to the top of the cutting edge. It also is shown as a one- or two-digit number (indicating the number sixteenths of an inch). Much like the size designation, it is a one-digit number when it describes a whole number. In our example, the insert’s thickness, 3, means that it is 3/16 in. thick.