In the lesson we saw three examples of ISO nomenclature when we asked Paolo the question; we saw an RNMG, a WNMG and a WCGT. Apart from the first letter which distinguishes the form, the first two inserts have identical parameters 2, 3 and 4 and exactly _NMG. This is also the most common ISO nomenclature for double-sided tools with chipbreaker geometry; these, as we shall see in the lesson on side rake angles, are fitted to negative tools. While the third case of the exercise posed to Paolo has parameters 2, 3 and 4 equal, _CGT. The latter is the most common ISO nomenclature for single-sided inserts.

Top 10 usesof nickel

But in the year 1754, the Swedish chemist and mineralogist tried heating "Kupfernickel" using charcoal; he noticed a lot of different properties like being magnetic and white in colour. Hence, Cronstedt is the first person to extract and isolate nickel as a new element. Eventually, he removed the term "Kupfer" and re-named this new element as nickel.

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Various batteries contain the ni element, such as nickel-metal hydride batteries and rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries.

Please note that thickness is very important as it constitutes the resistant section of the cutting edge. The greater the thickness, the greater the strength of our insert. Sometimes, in order to increase the life of the cutting edge with the same chip volume, i.e. with the same working data, it is sufficient to oversize the length of the cutting edge. This will provide a higher thickness, which will guarantee high resistance to the cutting forces and temperatures that will develop during turning.

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Let’s now move on to G, the last letter of the alphanumeric code; it indicates that our insert has a chip-breaking geometry on the face of the cutting edge, suitable for controlling and breaking the chips that will be formed during machining. Obviously, the geometry is studied and carried out on both faces of the insert. Moreover it has some characteristics in relation to the material to be machined and the operation to be carried out, i.e. finishing or roughing of a component.

Moreover, this metal is the fifth most abundant element in the world. Nickel uses are remarkably valuable in the production of an array of materials ranging from military equipment and wires to coins. The amazing nickel properties also make it an excellent source for creating many other alloys by melting and blending two or more metals. You will discover around 3,000 nickel-containing alloys in your daily use items. They are available in different forms, such as balls, pipes, angles, coils, rods, sheets, plates, bars, tubings, and much more.

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Where isnickelfound

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Ni element is in the d block, 7th column and 4th energy level. Hence, it indicates that the ni electron configuration will end 3d8 with the d orbital to be one level lesser as compared to its energy level.

Now that we have seen some examples of coding that have been more or less used, let’s say a few words about the choice of the insert nose radius.

Usesof nickel

Since as per nickel properties, the metal is malleable and flexible; hence, it is a favourable material to create wires.

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Physicalproperties of nickel

This second example of an insert is not very common, but it is shown here for educational purposes. It is a turning and finishing insert that is assembled on boring bars for internal machining or on adjustable boring cartridges. The insert has a flat face and its fixing system is of the micro-fused bracket type.

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The last parameter to be considered is the pair of letters which in this case is PF. The field n°12 is left empty by the ISO standard for the insert builder who uses it to indicate the geometry of the chipbreaker drawn on the insert face. This geometry is fundamental for a correct use of the insert.

As we said in the lesson, the first letter identifies the shape of the insert; in this case is triangular with an angle between the cutting edges of 60 degrees.

Extricated from two ores laterites and magmatic sulfides, nickel is a transition metal. The name nickel originates from the German term "Kupfernickel," which means devil's copper. It is more probably to be found in the Earth's core rather than the Earth's crust. This element is amongst the most versatile natural substances extracted on the planet. Nickel's chemical name is Ni; thus, the metal is also called Ni element.

To be precise in turning operations, it is measured in mm per revolution, i.e. the distance covered by the tip of the insert at each turn of the workpiece. The values, as we shall see, range from a few hundredths of a millimetre to a few millimetres in the rarest cases. A small nose radius implies small feeds; large nose radius allows large feeds to be used.

If you think what is nickel used for, you will be astonished to read further. Today the uses of this natural element can be seen in a wide range of things that make it one of the essential metals. Below are some of the important uses of nickel:

The ground state ni electron configuration is the composition of electrons around the atom's nucleus with lower energy levels. The electrons obtaining the orbitals of diversifying energy levels typically fall towards the ground state or the lowest energy state.

The nose radius influences a very important cutting data, the feed rate. We will dedicate a specific lesson to the feed rate, but for the moment let’s say that it identifies the speed at which the tool carries out its removal path.

In fact, each geometry has been designed and studied to control chip formation in precise applications. These applications vary in terms of material groups and type of machining: finishing, medium removal or roughing. In our case we have used the letters PF as an example, where P identifies the family of steels while F indicates the finishing operation. So in this case the chipbreaker geometry is suitable for finishing operations on steels.

Chemical properties of nickelperiodic table

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Chemical properties of nickelpdf

Then we come to the third letter M. M establishes the tolerance class that is given with respect to the circle inscribed in the geometric figure of the insert. In this case is a circle with a diameter of 9.525. This value, the diameter of the inscribed circle, is taken from the insert size table, which we will see with parameter 5 relating to the size. Class M is a tolerance that is not very precise but nevertheless one of the most widely used in turning and which corresponds exactly to ±0.05 mm.

The first pair equals to 16 mm: this is the length of the insert side. With the triangular shape there are also other lengths, for example 11 or 22mm. The side dimension is 16 mm, which corresponds to an inscribed circle of 9.525 mm. This number was used to calculate the numerical value of tolerance M.

Nickel can be easily manufactured through the standard cold and hot working techniques of metallurgy. Maximum nickel ores have nickel sulfide (NiS) in them. These minerals are heated in the air that converts the nickel sulfide into nickel oxide. Further, on treating nickel oxide with a chemical, you get a pure nickel when oxygen discards from it.

The second letter determines the value of the insert clearance angle. N for the ISO is an angle of 0 degrees so our insert can be a double-sided insert, so it can be used on both sides. It should also be noted at this point that the fixing of the insert on the tool is of the lever type and therefore a strong fixing.

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The third and last pair of numbers in this part is 04, which in tenths of a millimetre is the value of the nose radius. The nose radius influences the strength of the cutting edge. In fact, a radius such as in this case 0.4 mm cannot be used for heavy roughing operations where, on the contrary, a larger radius will be useful, for example 1.2 mm. Therefore, this value of 0.4 mm also means that the field of application for this insert will be finishing or other light operations.

Good morning, in today’s additional info I would like to give you some examples of ISO nomenclature in order to help you become familiar with the names of the inserts but above all with the coding itself. It is very important for anyone working in machining to know and understand the insert and its ISO nomenclature.

Again, this is an uncommon insert but ideal for understanding the ISO nomenclature. It is a screw-clamp type insert with a countersunk slot, used in finishing or semi-finishing operations on internal machining tools such as boring bars. Sometimes for some builders it is also used in drilling on mechanically clamped drills.

Like many other metals on the Earth, if too much of nickel enters the human body, it also has some bad impacts on humans. Firstly, while mining, inhalation of some nickel compounds can cause allergies to the miners that are not curable. Such workers are more prone to fibrosis, lung cancer, etc. Also, there are risks of toxicity for humans when large amounts of nickel collect in the air, soil, food, or water supply.

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To conclude, we can say that knowing the insert nomenclature you will have identified every dimensional and constructional aspect of your insert. Only the geometry of the chip breaker will be excluded from ISO, since it is not included in the standard and is defined differently from builder to builder.

Who discoverednickel

The majority of nickel deposit mines are in New Caledonia, Russia, South Africa, Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, and the Sudbury basin of Canada.

Answer.  Nickel is primarily metal. But the application of nickel with various other materials increases nickel properties like corrosion and heat - resistance, durability etc. This way, you get new substances, which are known as Nickel alloys, for example, nickel - iron, nickel - copper alloys, Nickel-chromium alloys, nickel - chromium-iron alloys, and others.

The length of the cutting edge will influence the removal capacity of the insert depending on the thickness. This thickness is determined by the second pair of numbers, which we see here as 04. This pair indicates a thickness of 4.76 mm from the inch-millimetre conversion. Other cutting edge lengths will have different thicknesses.

Myriad appliances and everyday items incorporate nickel in it, for example, hand-held power tools, camcorders, scanner radios, guitar strings, laptops, cellular and cordless telephones.

3chemical properties of nickel

Answer. Yes, nickel, like any other metal, is a relatively good conductor of electricity. It is the reason that you will see the application of nickel elements in various electronic products. Also, nickel wires conduct electrons almost as effectively as the copper wire.

Good morning, in today’s additional info I would like to give you some examples of ISO nomenclature in order to help you become familiar with the names of the inserts but above all with the coding itself. It is very important for anyone working in machining to know and understand the insert and its ISO nomenclature. In the lesson we saw three examples of ISO nomenclature when we asked Paolo the question; we saw an RNMG, a WNMG and a WCGT. Apart from the first letter which distinguishes the form, the first two inserts have identical parameters 2, 3 and 4 and exactly _NMG. This is also the most common ISO nomenclature for double-sided tools with chipbreaker geometry; these, as we shall see in the lesson on side rake angles, are fitted to negative tools. While the third case of the exercise posed to Paolo has parameters 2, 3 and 4 equal, _CGT. The latter is the most common ISO nomenclature for single-sided inserts. Let’s look at a new case very similar to the one seen in the lesson. TNMG 160404 PF So let’s go in order and start with the letter T. Insert shape As we said in the lesson, the first letter identifies the shape of the insert; in this case is triangular with an angle between the cutting edges of 60 degrees. Side rake angle The second letter determines the value of the insert clearance angle. N for the ISO is an angle of 0 degrees so our insert can be a double-sided insert, so it can be used on both sides. It should also be noted at this point that the fixing of the insert on the tool is of the lever type and therefore a strong fixing. Tolerance Then we come to the third letter M. M establishes the tolerance class that is given with respect to the circle inscribed in the geometric figure of the insert. In this case is a circle with a diameter of 9.525. This value, the diameter of the inscribed circle, is taken from the insert size table, which we will see with parameter 5 relating to the size. Class M is a tolerance that is not very precise but nevertheless one of the most widely used in turning and which corresponds exactly to ±0.05 mm. Insert type Let’s now move on to G, the last letter of the alphanumeric code; it indicates that our insert has a chip-breaking geometry on the face of the cutting edge, suitable for controlling and breaking the chips that will be formed during machining. Obviously, the geometry is studied and carried out on both faces of the insert. Moreover it has some characteristics in relation to the material to be machined and the operation to be carried out, i.e. finishing or roughing of a component. After the letters we now move on to the numbers, which as we have seen are taken in pairs. Size The first pair equals to 16 mm: this is the length of the insert side. With the triangular shape there are also other lengths, for example 11 or 22mm. The side dimension is 16 mm, which corresponds to an inscribed circle of 9.525 mm. This number was used to calculate the numerical value of tolerance M. Thickness The length of the cutting edge will influence the removal capacity of the insert depending on the thickness. This thickness is determined by the second pair of numbers, which we see here as 04. This pair indicates a thickness of 4.76 mm from the inch-millimetre conversion. Other cutting edge lengths will have different thicknesses. Please note that thickness is very important as it constitutes the resistant section of the cutting edge. The greater the thickness, the greater the strength of our insert. Sometimes, in order to increase the life of the cutting edge with the same chip volume, i.e. with the same working data, it is sufficient to oversize the length of the cutting edge. This will provide a higher thickness, which will guarantee high resistance to the cutting forces and temperatures that will develop during turning. Nose radius The third and last pair of numbers in this part is 04, which in tenths of a millimetre is the value of the nose radius. The nose radius influences the strength of the cutting edge. In fact, a radius such as in this case 0.4 mm cannot be used for heavy roughing operations where, on the contrary, a larger radius will be useful, for example 1.2 mm. Therefore, this value of 0.4 mm also means that the field of application for this insert will be finishing or other light operations. The last parameter to be considered is the pair of letters which in this case is PF. The field n°12 is left empty by the ISO standard for the insert builder who uses it to indicate the geometry of the chipbreaker drawn on the insert face. This geometry is fundamental for a correct use of the insert. In fact, each geometry has been designed and studied to control chip formation in precise applications. These applications vary in terms of material groups and type of machining: finishing, medium removal or roughing. In our case we have used the letters PF as an example, where P identifies the family of steels while F indicates the finishing operation. So in this case the chipbreaker geometry is suitable for finishing operations on steels. To conclude, we can say that knowing the insert nomenclature you will have identified every dimensional and constructional aspect of your insert. Only the geometry of the chip breaker will be excluded from ISO, since it is not included in the standard and is defined differently from builder to builder. TPGN 110308 This second example of an insert is not very common, but it is shown here for educational purposes. It is a turning and finishing insert that is assembled on boring bars for internal machining or on adjustable boring cartridges. The insert has a flat face and its fixing system is of the micro-fused bracket type. T = triangular-shaped insert P = 11 degree insert clearance angle G = tolerance class in this case of accuracy N = insert with a flat face without chipbreaker geometry 11 in millimetres is the length of the side of the insert 03 indicates the thickness S of the product, here set at 3.17 millimetres 08 in tenths of a millimetre is the value of the nose radius which in this case is 0.8mm   SOEX 120508 Again, this is an uncommon insert but ideal for understanding the ISO nomenclature. It is a screw-clamp type insert with a countersunk slot, used in finishing or semi-finishing operations on internal machining tools such as boring bars. Sometimes for some builders it is also used in drilling on mechanically clamped drills. S = square-shaped insert O = 8 degree insert clearance angle E = tolerance class on inscribed circle. Precision insert (inscribed circle equal to mm 12,70) X = special non ISO standard (this letter only) with chipbreaker geometry 12 = in mm insert side length mm 12 05 = thickness value, in this case is 5.16mm 08 = in tenths of a millimetre the value of the nose radius, in this case 0.8mm   CHOICE OF NOSE RADIUS Now that we have seen some examples of coding that have been more or less used, let’s say a few words about the choice of the insert nose radius. The nose radius influences a very important cutting data, the feed rate. We will dedicate a specific lesson to the feed rate, but for the moment let’s say that it identifies the speed at which the tool carries out its removal path.   To be precise in turning operations, it is measured in mm per revolution, i.e. the distance covered by the tip of the insert at each turn of the workpiece. The values, as we shall see, range from a few hundredths of a millimetre to a few millimetres in the rarest cases. A small nose radius implies small feeds; large nose radius allows large feeds to be used. When choosing the radius of the point we must take into account various aspects which I will list below: In finishing operations the nose radius influences the internal corner radius that will remain on the workpiece profile. So it is usually the design or construction guidelines of the workpiece that define the maximum insert corner radius. Usually the most commonly used radius that takes this into account is 0.4mm. Obviously, if your workpiece has no internal corner  radius or the value of the internal radius left on the workpiece is irrelevant, the choice of insert radius will be made on the basis of the following considerations; Larger nose radius, stronger inserts; With large nose radius, high feed rates are possible (more on this in the feed rate lesson); Adopting large nose radius (all other cutting parameters being equal) will develop more radial forces, which are one of the primary sources of vibration. This last aspect is the one that puts a limit on the maximum nose radius that can be used. We will return to this subject in future lessons.

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Before knowing the ni electron configuration first let us understand what is electron configuration. As you have a home to live, electrons have their own place to reside as well. Where these particles head is directed by the electron configuration, which defines the collection of the electron in an atom. Now let us know about the ni electron configuration.

While working on a new metal that originated from a mine at Los, Hälsingland, Sweden, Baron Axel Fredrik Cronstedt initially thought it might consist of copper. Hence earlier, nickel was named "Kupfer Nickel."

Application of nickel as a colouring agent in cosmetics, paints, and some varieties of plastics are in the form of nickel dimethylglyoxime compound.