Cutting under ideal conditions. Free cutting indicates an operation with low cutting forces, optimal chip formation, and good chip removal.

A type of steel that contains more than 11% chromium and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance. Stainless steels that work-harden may need to be milled using double positive geometry.

A measurement that indicates a tooth face that leans toward a line parallel to the center axis of a milling cutter. A negative axial rake angle allows for greater depth of cut but also requires more machine power.

Milling tool orientation that uses negative axial and radial rake angles. Double negative geometry provides the greatest cutting edge strength but also generates the greatest cutting forces.

The measurement of how far a cutting tool penetrates the workpiece. Depth of cut is the distance from the uncut surface to the machined surface.

The part of the milling cutter where the cutting edges are located. Teeth can either be molded into the tool, as in a solid mill, or they can be indexable cutting inserts.

The force created by downward movement of an angled blade to remove metal. Shearing action is determined, in part, by the helix angle.

A metal removal process in which one or more edges of the cutting tool repeatedly enter and exit the workpiece surface. Intermittent cutting, also called interrupted cutting, is often used in milling and leads to increased cutting forces.

The outer edge of an object. The periphery of a mill is the primary cutting surface in peripheral milling, though it is also used in face and end milling.

Says Schlossberg, “There would be a natural antagonism between Ava, who represents the intelligence side of the operation, and McKnight, who represents the pure muscle. He’s the old-school wild card who comes in and jumps-off-a-building-onto-a-car kind of guy. We love the idea of these two people, who have been butting heads all mission, actually being made for each other.”

The various stresses involved in a machining process. Cutting forces are determined by a combination of speed and feed rate, tool angle, workpiece material, and other factors.

The center line of a circular or cylindrical object. The axis is used to help orient and measure the various aspects of tool geometry.

“He loves McKnight too much. That connection with McKnight over everything,” Terrell says. The fact that Trunk offers McKnight one of his hash browns is proof of his loyalty and love. “If I’m willing to share the food, that’s a huge thing. So he ain’t going nowhere,” Terrell opines.

The relative quantity and spacing of teeth on a milling cutter. Pitch ranges from coarse, with few teeth, to fine, with many teeth.

A person trained to run a specific machine. Operators are responsible for helping ensure that a machining process runs properly, efficiently, and safely.

Two lines that are equidistant from one another and do not intersect. A line parallel to the cutting axis is used to determine various aspects of mill geometry, including the lead angle.

Milling tool orientation that uses a combination of positive axial rake and negative radial rake angles. Positive/negative geometry balances the benefits of double negative and double positive geometry and is, therefore, a good general-purpose milling geometry.

As anyone who (correctly) believes Die Hard is a Christmas movie can tell you, the answer is yes. De’voreaux Sefas White, who plays the Stevie Wonder-loving limousine driver Argyle in Die Hard, returns to his on-screen chauffeur roots in Obliterated Episode 8. White portrays Delray, Hagerty’s limo driver.

That said, “there is a Cobra Kai egg,” says Heald. “One of our series regulars actually shows up on the show, but if you blink, you’ll miss her. Courtney Henggeler, who plays Amanda LaRusso, was shadowing one of our directors. She’s going to be directing in the future, and she had the opportunity to be on set, and she was there having fun with all of us. So she ends up attending Hagerty’s wedding, and she’s sitting right next to Joe Piarulli, who is one of our Cobra Kai and Obliterated writers.”

In Episode 6, Trunk reveals he’s planning on leaving the armed services for a glitzier lifestyle — namely, becoming Lady Gaga’s bodyguard. But after the epic highs of Obliterated, Terrell isn’t so sure his character is ready to let go of his friends.

Milling tool orientation that uses positive axial and radial rake angles. Mills with double positive geometry have low power requirements but weak cutting edges.

The team surprised Howell with White as his scene partner. “I was just like, ‘Holy crap!’ I’m a huge Die Hard fan. I love Bruce Willis,” he says. “I was the John McClane!”

“Absolutely,” confirms Heald. “We look at every successive season of Obliterated like a big movie sequel. You have Die Hard, everything wraps up. That doesn’t mean you don’t have Die Hard 2, possibly in a different party city, different set of stakes and suspense, but [the] same team that we know and love having to go back into action and under less-than-ideal circumstances.”

Able to be stretched, drawn, or formed without fracturing. Ductile metals tend to be soft and produce long, stringy chips.

But while Ava intends to forget their initial hookup, McKnight catches feelings. When the mission is extended, “they have to be together with all the awkwardness. At the end you realize that they actually are the yin to each other’s yang, and they feel for each other. We built up this little romance in the midst of all this soulless, drug-fueled adventure.”

A cutting pass that emphasizes high material removal rate over the quality of the surface finish or accuracy. Roughing is often performed with teeth set at smaller lead angles.

A final metal cutting pass that emphasizes tight tolerances and smooth surface finish. Finishing is often performed with teeth set at larger lead angles.

The flat surface on the peripheral edge of the cutting tool. The side flank is responsible for the majority of material removal in metal cutting operations.

Increase the hardness of a metal by subjecting it to plastic deformation during a cold working or machining process. Work-hardening metals may need to be milled using double positive geometry.

Thankfully, their persistence paid off, despite being double-crossed, taken off their own mission, and scattered across the Nevada desert — all while trying to sober up (and, in the case of one team member, find a snack). In the final moments before the nuke was set to explode, bomb expert Hagerty (C. Thomas Howell) rode into a casino on a camel (long story) and saved the day. But how did we get there? And what does this mean for our team going forward?

A chip that easily fractures from the workpiece into small, separate pieces. Brittle materials, such as cast iron, tend to create discontinuous chips.

A measurement that indicates a tooth face that tilts toward the center of the mill. A positive radial rake angle has lower cutting edge strength but can be operated with less machine power.

The angle formed by the flank behind the land and a line tangent to the cutter periphery. A clearance angle keeps the flank from rubbing against the workpiece.

Explains Heald, “We like McKnight having that vulnerability from Episode 1. You’re used to seeing the Stallone- or Schwarzenegger-type action hero, and you don’t get to see underneath the surface like that. He has this crush, basically. Nick and Shelley just instantaneously had chemistry. They’re both really strong actors, they’re both hilarious. So anything we threw their way, they were ready for, and they were ready to give it their all. We are glad that it was a fulfilling romance track throughout the season.”

The show gives viewers two different but equally strong heroes: McKnight (Nick Zano) represents a throwback ’80s-style action hero, while Ava Winters (Shelley Hennig) is a modern iteration of the archetype.

Trunk (Terrence Terrell) is a highly trained, very fit Navy SEAL who requires constant fueling to keep his engine running. Thwarted in his quest for snacks at every turn, his gnawing hunger becomes a source of suspense almost equal to the show’s literal ticking time bomb.

Howell thinks his character’s offbeat passion for Bublé keeps him from becoming a “quintessential macho dude,” he says. “Because when you read it on paper, he could have been played that way pretty easily. I wanted to make him a lover.”

Their romance closes out Season 1, with McKnight and Ava sharing a literally steamy shower scene. After a season of difficulties, McKnight finally finishes his mission — as a metaphorical bottle pop tells us. “After I saw it, I was like, ‘You actually ended the season like that!’ Which is amazing,” Zano says.

An angled surface similar to a chamfer created by milling. Ninety degree shoulders are milled using teeth with 0° lead angles.

A groove on the periphery of a cutter that provides room for chips to flow away from the cut. Flutes are present on cutting tools such as mills and drills.

This decision leads to Hagerty’s glorious, slow-mo camel ride to glory. After being separated from the team for most of the day, he makes it to the site of the nuke and gets to work — with the help of his favorite Michael Bublé covers, performed live for him by his new wife (Lindsey Kraft). At the very last second, he snips the correct wire and disarmed the nuke once and for all.Wait, what’s that Michael Bublé song in Obliterated?

An insert with two cutting faces and square edges. Negative inserts provide the greatest number of indexable cutting edges but limited chip clearance.

A straight line extending from the center of a circle or circular object to its periphery. The radius of a mill cutter is essential for measuring several aspects of milling geometry, such as the radial rake angle.

fpr. The linear distance that a tool advances during one rotation of the workpiece or cutting tool. On the mill, feed per revolution may be used to convert feed per tooth (fpt) to either inches per minute (ipm) or millimeters per minute (mm/min).

A special forces team thwarts a deadly plot in Sin City and parties accordingly. But when the real threat emerges, they must sober up to save Las Vegas.

And you won’t actually see this one on-screen, but the stuntman who handled Hagerty’s naked fall onto a glass table also played a cop in an episode of Cobra Kai.

The heroes of Obliterated work hard, but they party harder. So when the government agents realized that the nuclear bomb they disabled was a fake and Las Vegas was still at risk, they had to cut short their celebratory rager, clear their heads, and then hustle even harder to disarm the weapon that threatened to, um, obliterate the city of sin (and all the revelers inside it).

The rate at which the the edge of a cutting tool rotates past the surface of the workpiece at the point of contact. Speed is often measured in revolutions per minute (rpm).

A machine tool that is used to produce a range of parts from a cylindrical workpieces. On a basic lathe, the workpiece is rotated in the spindle while the cutting tool is guided along the workpiece to create a finished part.

Metal removal rates. The volume of metal removed in a given amount of time. MRR are measured in cubic inches per minute or cubic centimeters per minute.

BUE. The unwanted rough edge on a cutting tool created when pieces of the workpiece pressure weld onto the tool edge during cutting. Built-up edges can reduce the quality of the finished cut.

The angle formed by the radius or diameter of the milling cuter and the face cutting edge. A radial rake angle describes how far the face cutting edge is twisted toward or away from the mill.

For the most part, Obliterated is full of things that would never happen in Cobra Kai. Says Hurwitz, “We love making Cobra Kai, but our roots are in R-rated comedy. It was fun to let our brains run wild and do the kind of R-rated comedy that we’ve always done, but also put the action that we fell in love with while making Cobra Kai. All the stuff that we don’t do on Cobra Kai is all over Obliterated.”

An angled surface on a cutting tool just behind the cutting edge. The land's shape affects chip removal and surface finish.

Hennig has her own ideas for the future of the squad. “More debauchery, but in a tropical setting,” she says. “More camels. And let’s get some kangaroos as well.”

“We love Easter eggs that are not big, shiny flashing signs. When we knew we had a storyline that involved a limousine driver, we just asked [for White],” co-creator Heald explains. “He was amazing enough to say yes… We were buzzing because we were doing that.”

A milling cutter that performs a mix of peripheral and face milling. End mills have cutting surfaces on the bottom and sides of the tool.

MRR. The volume of metal removed in a given amount of time. Metal removal rates are measured in cubic inches per minute or cubic centimeters per minute.

Shaped like a spiral that is wrapped around a cylinder. The teeth on some end and face mills are helical, which helps reduce cutting forces.

The angle formed by the tilt of the leading peripheral edge and a line parallel to the center axis. The axial rake angle describes how far the tooth face leans forward or backward.

A surface just behind the cutting edge that is angled to exactly match the direction of the cut. A parallel land produces a high-quality surface finish.

The edge of a cutting tool that is in direct contact with the workpiece and performs metal removal. Cutting edge must be positioned carefully to create an efficient machining operation.

“When casting, we wrote scenes that were in the voice of Lana and scenes in the voice of Anastasia,” Hurwitz explains. It required a versatile actor to bring the two-faced character to life. “Alyson Gorske, from her very first audition, blew us away. The biggest surprise for us was that this was her first big acting role in Hollywood. We brought her back a few times just to see what different kinds of things she could do. And she showed up every day on set and crushed it — and had to learn Russian dialogue sometimes very last minute. It was crucial to find somebody who could play both roles very convincingly.”

A cutting implement that mostly uses one cutting edge at a time. Single-point tools are often used for lathe metal cutting operations such as turning or threading.

A line or line segment that touches an object at exactly one point. Relief and clearance angles are determined by measuring the angle formed by the slope of certain insert components and straight lines tangent to the cutting edge of the insert.

Explains Schlossberg, “We come from the Harold & Kumar universe where it’s all about a craving, and you get drunk or high, and you want to sop up all that with food. So we made it where Trunk, in the beginning of the series, took a bunch of weed gummies and he’s drunk. So he’s starving. In Episode 2 he’s hangry. And then he has all these near-misses of almost eating, and by the end of it you’re like, ‘Still? Are you still playing that card?’ And we do. It hits you over the head constantly, but it all leads to an amazing payoff.”

Even Ava herself has her fingers crossed that Lana isn’t off the Obliterated chess board. “I want her to be a problem for the team in the future because I love Alyson,” Hennig says. “Team Lava: Lana and Ava.”

Vibrations of the cutting tool that cause surface imperfections on the workpiece. Chatter can be reduced through proper usage of milling geometry, such as setting a large enough lead angle.

The cast, along with creators Josh Heald, Jon Hurwitz, and Hayden Schlossberg, explain how we got that ending — and what could be next.

A milling cutter that cuts metal with its face, or bottom, edge. Face mills often use inserts and are good for creating wide, flat surfaces.

So, Gorske auditioned with Lana scenes and Anastasia scenes, and was excited about the opportunity to play such contrasting personas. “Lana, she’s the typical party girl with sexy, super tight clothing — putting it all out there,” Gorske says. “But Anastasia has bad bitch energy! Skin tight leather, red lips? It was so exciting.” Costume designer Frank Helmer made sure Gorske was outfitted with authentic leather motorcycle pants that were durable and sexy.

A manufacturing component used to support, locate, and hold a workpiece in place. A workholding device's strength and stability affect the type of cutting geometry used in a milling operation.

An alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon that contains at least 2.0% carbon. Cast iron is a hard, brittle material that is usually milled using double negative geometry.

An indexable and replaceable cutting tool with a geometric shape that has multiple cutting surfaces. Inserts provide the cutting edges for many face mills.

Mill Tool Geometry provides an overview of the possible tool angles and insert features for a multi-point milling cutter, detailing the affect each angle has on a cutting operation. The various angles, such as the axial rake and radial rake, and their positioning offer tradeoffs between cutting edge strength and cutting forces, among other important factors. Mill tool geometry must be optimized to each unique combination of workpiece material, tool material, and part feature.Improper tool geometry leads to premature tool wear or failure, poor surface finish, and slower speed and feed rates. These issues can increase manufacturing costs, create waste and scrapped parts, and slow production rates. After taking this class, users will be able to identify the various angles involved in mill tool geometry and implement the proper tool geometry for mill cutting processes.

A metal removal process in which one or more edges of the cutting tool repeatedly enter and exit the workpiece surface. Interrupted cutting, also called intermittent cutting, is often used in milling and leads to increased cutting forces.

The angle formed by the slope of the land and a line tangent to the cutting edge. The relief angle directly follows the cutting edge and reduces flank wear while increasing chip flow.

The degree of roundness between two cutting edges of a tool. The size of the nose radius affects many aspects of cutting.

A cutting tool that has more than one cutting edge. Multi-point tools are used for metal cutting operations such as milling and drilling.

The rate at which the cutting tool and/or the workpiece move in relationship to one another. Feed is often measured in inches per minute (ipm) or millimeters per minute (mm/min).

“It’s the last song that you would expect Hagerty to be playing,” Hurwitz tells Tudum. “In our early plans, we were thinking of lacing throughout the season that Bublé is performing in Vegas and then have him show up in the finale, and [in] our initial scripts at the very end, Bublé shows up and is singing live there. He was touring at the time when we were filming, so we made a script adjustment that we think turned out even better from a character standpoint.”

A cutting operation in which a rotating multi-point cutting tool is fed along the surface of a part to remove material. Milling operations generally produce flat surfaces.

An insert with only one cutting face and angled edges that provide chip clearance. Positive inserts reduce the cutting forces produced in a cutting operation but also reduce edge strength.

A surface just behind the cutting edge that is angled toward or away from the direction of the cut. An angular land can be positive or negative.

A milling tooth feature that tilts the surface behind the cutting edge away from the direction of the cut. A positive angular land increases surface finish quality.

The distance from one edge of a circle or circular object to the opposite edge, passing through the center. The diameter of a mill cutter is essential for measuring several aspects of milling geometry, such as the radial rake angle.

That payoff includes a perfectly choreographed kitchen fight scene involving a chocolate fountain. “I call it the Popeye the Sailor Man scene,” Terrell tells Tudum. “We went full throttle with the food, and they had so much food because they thought we would have so many takes. But I did most of everything in one take.”

The angles formed by the shape and positioning of a cutting tool. Tool geometry, sometimes called milling geometry when related to milling cutters, is a key factor in improving tool life, part surface finish, and machining efficiency.

The space behind the cutting edge that eliminates interference between the cutting tool and the workpiece. Clearance prevents parts of the insert, other than the cutting edge, from touching the workpiece and provides space for chip flow.

The angle created by the center axis of the tool and the slope of the peripheral cutting edge. The helical rake angle, also known as the helix angle, can affect the strength of the cutting edge on a mill, among other properties.

A milling operation that uses cuts with the bottom of side of the milling cutter. End milling is usually performed with a solid mill and can create features such as slots and grooves.

A measurement that indicates a tooth face that tilts away from the center of the mill. A negative radial rake angle demands greater machine power but has improved cutting edge strength.

A milling tool with inserts as its teeth. Indexable cutters have excellent flexibility because their teeth can be swapped, angled, and otherwise adjusted.

A cutting operation in which the surface of the workpiece is perpendicular to the spindle axis. Face milling is primarily used to create flat surfaces on a workpiece.

The measured surface profile characteristics of a completed workpiece. Surface finish can be improved through milling geometry.

The angle created by the center axis of the tool and the slope of the peripheral cutting edge. The helix angle, also known as the helical rake angle, can affect the strength of the cutting edge on a mill, among other properties.

A part that is subjected to one or more manufacturing procedures such as machining, casting, or welding. Workpiece material is often a factor in determining milling geometry.

A milling tooth feature that tilts the surface behind the cutting edge toward the direction of the cut. A negative angular land increases cutting-edge strength.

The accumulated position error and deviation from an axis as a mill rotates. Excessive runout can cause issues like reduced tool service life and poor surface finish.

But Zano and Hennig aren’t sure what’s next for the couple. “They may fly too close to the sun,” Zano says. Meanwhile, Hennig jokes, “It’s going to be this relationship… that just never goes away. Will it be the kind of romance Ava’s group chat hears about forever? “Exactly! That’s it,” she says.

The Las Vegas party girl the gang picked up during the mission wasn’t the well-meaning woman she pretended to be — Lana was actually Anastasia Koslov, the presumed dead sister of villain Ivan Koslov (Costa Ronin).

A measurement that indicates a tooth face that leans away from a line parallel to the center axis of a milling cutter. A positive axial rake angle has decreased edge strength but improves metal removal rates.

A threaded device used for fastening parts or transferring motion. Screws are used to hold indexable inserts in place on a milling cutter.

Stunt coordinator Marcus Young is particularly proud of how food plays into Terrell’s kitchen brawl. “It’s like a video game power-up,” says Young, explaining what happens once the desperately hungry Trunk finally gets something to eat. “Coming up with the food, and creatively using it to tell the story about how Trunk’s getting stronger –– then he gets beat down a little bit, but becomes stronger as chocolate goes into his mouth –– it’s like Pac-Man powering up.”

The tip of the tool where the face and peripheral cutting edges meet. The cutting points are the first part of the tool to engage the workpiece when the tooth is set to a positive axial rake angle.

The outside cutting edge of a milling cutter. A peripheral cutting edge is the primary cutting edge used in end or peripheral milling.

An unwanted but acceptable deviation from a given dimension defined by a blueprint. The required tolerance of a manufactured part affects insert selection and proper milling tool geometry.

The flat surface of the cutting insert or tooth that is fed into the workpiece. The tooth face is not involved in the actual cutting but helps direct chips as they come off the workpiece.

The length of time a cutting tool is expected to be operational before it must be replaced. Tool life can be extended through the use of proper tool geometry.

A sliver-white metal that is light and thermally conductive. Aluminium is soft and therefore usually milled with double positive geometry.

Not at all. In the finale, Ava requests for Las Vegas metro police to pick up Anastasia and put her into custody. And, that’s the last we see of the Obliterated supervillain. “She better come back. She’s just not done. She has so much more work to do,” Gorske says. “I don’t think Anastasia takes defeat well… Wherever she goes, she’s conniving and she’s going to come up with something genius, bigger, and badder. Watch out!”

The angle formed by the tilt of the side flank of the insert and a line parallel to the center axis of the cutter. The lead angle helps determine depth of cut and the strength of the cutting forces generated during machining.

An army explosives expert is not who first comes to mind when you picture “Michael Bublé fan,” but Hagerty can’t work without listening to the Canadian crooner. What, you don’t associate Bublé’s cover of “Feeling Good” with high-pressure military operations?

A milling operation in which the cutting edge of the mill is parallel to the axis of the spindle. Peripheral milling is done with only the peripheral cutting edges of a mill.

The angle formed by the flank behind the land and a line tangent to the cutting edge. A clearance angle keeps the flank from rubbing against the workpiece.

A plain carbon steel that contains less than 0.30% carbon. Low-carbon steel is prone to developing BUE, which can be reduced using double positive geometry.

Yes, thanks to the magic of teamwork. In the finale, Maya figures out that Anastasia (Alyson Gorske) — formerly known as Lana, more on her in a bit — hid the real nuclear bomb in a slot machine in the Plaza Hotel. “From the very beginning we knew that we wanted this to take place in Las Vegas, and we kept thinking that they’re going to be going all over the city and into the desert trying to get this bomb. At the end of the day, where is it located?” co-creator Schlossberg explains. “We just figured putting it inside of a slot machine felt like the final best spot for it.”

The angles formed by the shape and positioning of a cutting tool. Milling geometry, or tool geometry, is a key factor in improving tool life, part surface finish, and machining efficiency.

A groove on the periphery of a cutter that provides room for chips to flow away from the cut. Flutes are present on cutting tools such as mills and drills.

A chip that does not break apart, forming a long thin strip of unwanted metal. Continuous chips can snag and damage the tool and machinery.

The cutting edge on the end or bottom of a milling cutter. A face cutting edge passes over the newly formed surface of a workpiece.

The flat surface on the bottom edge of the cutting tool. The end flank passes over the newly machined workpiece to create the surface finish.

All the necessary preparation of tooling and fixturing that occurs on a machine before a cutting operation begins. Setup includes the positioning of the tool, the milling machine, and the workpiece.