Lathe cuttingspeedchart PDF

Cutting speed is defined as the speed at the outside edge of the tool as it is cutting.  This is also known as surface speed.  Surface speed, surface footage, and surface area are all directly related.  If two tools of different sizes are turning at the same revolutions per minute (RPM), the larger tool has a greater surface speed.  Surface speed is measured in surface feet per minute (SFM).  All cutting tools work on the surface footage principle.  Cutting speeds depend primarily on the kind of material you are cutting and the kind of cutting tool you are using.  The hardness of the work material has a great deal to do with the recommended cutting speed.  The harder the work material, the slower the cutting speed.  The softer the work material, the faster the recommended cutting speed (See Figure 1).

Cuttingspeedchart for different materials

On the milling machines we have here at LBCC, the feed is independent of the spindle speed.  This is a good arrangement and it permits faster feeds for larger, slowly rotating cutters.

Metal lathe cuttingspeedchart

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The feed (milling machine feed) can be defined as the distance in inches per minute that the work moves into the cutter.

Drilling machines that have power feeds are designed to advance the drill a given amount for each revolution of the spindle.  If we set the machine to feed at .006” the machine will feed .006” for every revolution of the spindle. This is expressed as (IPR) inches per revolution

Aluminummillingspeedchart

Pecking helps ensure that bits don’t overheat and break when using them to drill or tap.  Peck drilling involves drilling partway through a part, then retracting it to remove chips, simultaneously allowing the piece to cool.  Rotating the handle a full turn then back a half turn is common practice.  Whenever the bit or tap is backed out, remove as many chips as possible and add oil to the surface between the drill or tap and the workpiece.

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Cuttingspeedformula

As the work advances into the cutter, each tooth of the cutter advances into the work an equal amount producing chips of equal thickness.

When drilling and tapping, it is crucial to use oil.  It keeps the bits from squealing, makes the cut smoother, cleans out the chips, and keeps the drill and stock from overheating.

The hardness of the cutting tool material will also have a great deal to do with the recommended cutting speed. The harder the drill, the faster the cutting speed.  The softer the drill, the slower the recommended cutting speed (See Figure 2).

For flattening a workbench, live-edge table or other wood slab too large to pass through a jointer or thickness planer, these bits are an effective, economical alternative. Used with a router and router sled, they also work well for flattening end-grain cutting boards or wood with difficult grain patterns such as crotch wood. The bits have tungsten carbide tips that retain their hardness at high temperatures, so the bits keep their precision-ground edges for a clean cut. The bodies have a non-stick green coating for easy resin removal. Each bit includes a friction-fit holder made of an advanced polymer, which can be mounted horizontally or upright.

Lathe cuttingspeedformula

Tap guides are an integral part in making a usable and straight thread.  When using the lathe or the mill, the tap is already straight and centered.  When manually aligning a tap, be careful, as a 90° tap guide is much more accurate than the human eye.

CuttingspeedChart for milling

This chip thickness or feed per tooth, along with the number of teeth in the cutter, form the basis for determining the rate of feed.

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The 1" diameter bit has a cutting depth of 19/32" and an 8mm diameter shank that is 28mm long; the 1 1/2" diameter bit cuts up to 11/16" deep and is available with an 8mm diameter shank (34mm long) or a 1/2" diameter shank (1 11/32" long).

Once the SFM for a given material and tool is determined, the spindle can be calculated since this value is dependent on cutting speed and tool diameter.

Feeds for end mills used in vertical milling machines range from .001 to .002 in. feed per tooth for very small diameter cutters on steel work material to .010 in. feed per tooth for large cutters in aluminum workpieces.  Since the cutting speed for mild steel is 90, the RPM for a 3/8” high-speed, two flute end mill is

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Feed per tooth, is the amount of material that should be removed by each tooth of the cutter as it revolves and advances into the work.