Fits of long shafts, e.g. in agricultural machines, bearings of pumps, fans and piston machines.

After the initial design work was done, testing of the product occurred at Picatinny Arsenal in New Jersey. Once the testing was finished, a military standard was assigned to the design, and given the MIL-STD-1913 designation. This standard was adopted by the U.S. Military on February 3, 1995.

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Components mutually fixed, assembled and disassembled by hand or with little effort; fixed centering seats with good precision. Parts to be secured against rotation and sliding.

Precision couplings, with seat generally short, of parts mutually fixed, extractable by hand. Ex .: Spare wheels mounted with keyways or splined shafts.

The selection of a specific fit should take into account some aspects such as: constructional and technological views, economical aspects, measuring instruments, gauges and tools which are implemented in the production.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to each other with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

(*) This coupling is classified by all the texts as transition fit, although there is never play in any combination of values between the shaft and the hole.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to one another with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

Components fixed respect to each other, assembled and disassembled without excessive pressure and secured against rotation and sliding.

Blocked couplings not removable or demountable with hot press. For the coupled parts that must be as a single piece, suitable to transmit axial loads and torques without the use of keys or similar systems.

Adjust the spindle speed and/or feed rate based on your cutting conditions. NOTE: Feed to be reduced by approximately 50% if LOC (length of cut) is over 3XD.

FemalePicatinny rail dimensions

Precision couplings, with seat generally short, of parts mutually fixed, extractable by hand. Parts to be secured against sliding and rotation.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to one another with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

Running fits with very small clearances for accurate guiding of shafts. Without any noticeable clearance after assembly.

Ex .: Oscillating levers moved by cams in bushing. Command pivots and positioning pins with high precision.

Additional information about the standard fits that can be found in the practice are reported in the following tables for the Hole Basis and Shaft Basis systems respectively.

Easily demountable parts, distance rings, parts of machines fixed to shafts using pins, bolts, rivets or welds.

Locational interference fit for parts requiring rigidity and alignment with prime accuracy of location but without special bore pressure requirements.

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Blocked couplings not removable or demountable with hot press. For the coupled parts that must behave as a single piece, suitable to transmit high axial loads and torques.

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Free running fit not for use where accuracy is essential, but good for large temperature variations, high running speeds, or heavy journal pressures.

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Couplings secured against mutual rotation by keyways, pins, etc., easily removable. Ex .: keying of ball bearings and roller bearings. Keyways. Fixing joints in general.

For components which must not slide too easily respect to one another, but that can be easily assembled and disassembled, secured against rotation and sliding.

A Picatinny rail has specific dimensions of grooves and notches and is built into a handgun or long gun to mount different attachments. It’s sometimes called a “Pic Rail” and is exactly the same thing as a MIL-STD-1913 rail.

Hi B Srinivasan, Tolerances are just tolerances applicabile for all fitting application. Of course if square section, the rotation capacity is assured in itself without an interference fit. The machining process for square section is of course different with respect to the same for circular. The fitting result between the realized elements is basically the same.

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Pressed fits with big interferences. Assembly using pressing and great forces under different temperatures of the parts.

Running fits with greater clearances without any special requirements for fit accuracy.

Force fit suitable for parts which can be highly stressed or for shrink fits where the heavy pressing forces required are impractical.

1913Picatinny rail dimensions

Ex .: Shaft and transmission bushes with a manual drive, without great importance. Idle pulleys.

When Weaver rails were first introduced, they were made in two pieces so that one piece could go on the front of the receiver, and the other at the rear to mount a scope. This two-piece design meant the bolt opening was free from obstructions, allowing for cartridges to be inserted easily or for the use of stripper clips.

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Picatinny rail dimensionsinches

Multiple fits of shafts of production and piston machines, parts rotating very rarely or only swinging.

An entire industry has sprouted up designing accessories for the many variations of products which can be added to AR-15 style rifles. These products include scopes, tactical lights, night vision sights, reflex sights, laser sights, foregrips, bipods, and bayonets. Picatinny rails like the Magpul M-LOK Picatinny Accessory Rail can be added on to the rifle to accept these accessories.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to each otherwith abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

The design originated to facilitate the mounting of a scope on high-powered hunting rifles. With the military standardization in 1995, the popular M16A2 and M4 carbine version of military rifles were modified to begin including the Picatinny rail as standard equipment. Rails can be designed for the front handguard on these rifles in multiple positions (top, bottom, right or left side).

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Easily dismountable fits of hubs of gears, pulleys and bushings, retaining rings, frequently removed bearing bushings.

Picatinny and Weaver rails look almost identical in some cases and it can be difficult to determine the difference between the two just by looking at them. Even though they look similar and serve the same purpose, Picatinny and Weaver rails are not completely compatible, so it’s important to understand the differences between the two before you start adding accessories to your guns.

For components of high precision which can move respect to one another with slow motion.

Main fits of machine tools. General fits of shafts, regulator bearings, machine tool spindles, sliding rods.

For components that can move if lubricated respect to one another, with slow motion.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to one another with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

Couplings with discrete accuracy, with seat generally long, of mutually fixed parts, extractable by hand.

Picatinny rail dimensionscm

Ex .: Holes of hinges or pins for command by pin hand commands, bushings and sliding components without importance.

Pivots, latches, fits of parts exposed to corrosive effects, contamination with dust and thermal or mechanical deformations.

Components fixed respect to each other, assembled and disassembled without excessive pressure and secured against rotation and sliding.

This section reports a summary of the available information that can be found on technical literature about the fit tolerance between shafts and holes.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to one another with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

Rotating couplings with average peripheral speed (2-4 m/s), with need of limited plays. Couplings with alternate axial movement with medium and high speeds.

Rotating couplings with average peripheral speed (2-4 m/s), with need of limited plays.

Simply stated, this difference means an accessory designed for a Weaver rail will fit into the wider Picatinny rail slot. However, accessories designed specifically for the Picatinny rail system will have notches that are too wide to fit the narrower Weaver spacing. The difference is quite small, and if you are handy with a file or Dremel tool, you might get it to fit.

Blocked couplings not removable or demountable with hot press. For the coupled parts that must behave as a single piece, suitable to transmit axial loads and torques without the use of keys or similar systems.

Blocked couplings, not disassembled by hand, to be secured against mutual rotation. Ex .: Fixed forced gears, mounted with keyways or on splined shafts, to dismantle very rarely.

Precision couplings, with seat generally short, of parts mutually fixed, extractable by hand. Ex .: Spare wheels mounted with keyways or splined shafts.

For components fixed with respect to each other, which can be mounted only by strong pressure; normally the two bodies are secured against rotation and sliding.

Some manufacturers include an accessory rail, but don’t use the Picatinny design. For instance, Glock handguns have their own proprietary rail design that is not interchangeable with the Picatinny rail. Luckily, many companies have designed their products to be compatible with both Picatinny rails and Glock rails.

For couplings slightly blocked, easily removable by hand, preferably for long seats to be secured against mutual rotation. Ex .: Fixed forced gears, mounted with keyways or on splined shafts, to dismantle very rarely.

For fixed members, with respect to each other, assembled and disassembled without big pressure. Parts secured against rotation and sliding.

For components which in all cases must be able to be assembled or disassembled by hand and for which, in spite of the large working tolerances, it is requested a possibly minimum play.

Sliding fits with very small clearances for precise guiding and centering of parts. Mounting by sliding on without use of any great force, after lubrication the parts can be turned and slid by hand.

For components with very strong blocking, with disassembly practicable only by substitution of one of the components.

For fixed components with respect to each other, which can be easily assembled and disassembled, to be secured against mutual rotation.

Blocked couplings not removable or demountable with hot press. For the coupled parts that must be as a single piece, suitable to transmit high axial loads and torques.

For fixed components with respect to each other, hardly removable by hand and secured against rotation and sliding.

Similar fits with small clearances or small interferences. The parts can be assembled or disassembled without great force using a rubber mallet.

Running fits with greater clearances without any special requirements for accuracy of guiding shafts.

Precision couplings, with seat generally short, of parts mutually fixed, extractable by hand.

High-speed steel (HSS) drill bits are used for drilling wood, light metals, fiberglass and PVC.

The following tables report the preferred metric fits and tolerances for hole and shaft basis systems given by the ISO 286-1 (2010) and ANSI B4.2-1978 standards. The use of these tolerances is advised for economic reasons.

For couplings slightly blocked, difficulty removable by hand, preferably for long seats and to be secured against mutual rotation.

Picatinny rail dimensionsPDF

For components which must not run too easily with respect to each other, but that can be easily assembled and disassembled, secured against rotation and sliding.

Pressed fits with medium interference. Assembly of parts using hot pressing. Assembly using cold pressing only with use of large forces.

The following tables report some recommended fits for some applications. Of course the tables don’t pretend to be exhaustives and uniques.

Lights, scopes, and foregrips are just a few of the accessories that we commonly mount to our guns, and most manufacturers now offer a variety of accessory mounting options on base-model guns.. Mounting systems that incorporate slotted rails, like the Picatinny and Weaver rails, are extremely popular and even come standard with many firearms. So what’s the difference between Picatinny Rails vs. Weaver rails?

Ex .: Shafts and bushes in general. Ball bearings not very fast and not very loaded.

(*) This coupling is classified by all the texts as stable, even if it presents a minimum play for some combination of values between the shaft and the hole (shaft at min and hole at max).

For components fixed respect to one another, which can be mounted only by strong pressure; normally the two parts must be secured against rotation and sliding. Ex.: Couplings without keyways to transmit low torques.

Demountable fits of hubs of gears and pulleys, manual wheels, clutches, brake disks.

For components that have to be disassembled very free respect to each other with abundant mechanical play.

Blocked couplings not removable or demountable with hot press. For the coupled parts that must be as a single piece, suitable to transmit axial loads and torques without the use of keys or similar systems.

Pressed fits with guaranteed interference. Assembly of the parts can be carried out using cold pressing.

(*) This coupling is classified by all the texts as transition fit, although there is never play in any combination of values between the shaft and the hole.

For components with high precision sliding axially, or equipped with rotary slow or oscillatory motion, with internal lubrication.

Precision couplings, with seat generally short, of parts mutually fixed, extractable by hand. Ex .: Spare wheels mounted with keyways or splined shafts.

For very fast rotating components, even with imperfect centering and sustenance not perfectly hydrodynamics and good mechanical play.

Picatinny rail dimensionsmetric

Although both rail systems have had their share of popularity among shooters, you’re more likely to find a Picatinny rail on modern firearms. The widespread popularity of the Picatinny rail can be attributed in part to the U.S. Military’s adoption of the rail in 1995, but also because the uniformity and consistent spacing make them a better option for swapping out accessories between guns.

Fixed plugs, driven bushings, armatures of electric motors on shafts, gear rims, flushed bolts.

Ex .: Drawers and hydraulic taps. Shafts and transmission bushes rotating at low speed and subject to efforts of a limited entity.

For components that must move relative to one another with abundant mechanical play, generally with a rotary motion.

Rotating parts with high precision, with low and heavy loads, lubricated rationally, with correct hydrodynamic sustenance.

Weaver Optics has been producing scopes for rifles for many decades. The mastermind behind the scopes, William Ralph Weaver, also designed the Weaver rail, a mounting system for his scopes. The Weaver rail predates the Picatinny and has some dimension differences that are important to note before you start switching out accessories.

Blocked couplings not removable or demountable with hot press. For the coupled parts that must behave as a single piece, suitable to transmit axial loads and torques without the use of keys or similar systems.

Parts of machine tools, sliding gears and clutch disks, crankshaft journals, pistons of hydraulic machines, rods sliding in bearings, grinding machine spindles.

The aim is to help the designer to choose the appropriate and preferred fit tacking into account the standard uses for mechanical applications.

For components that must be disassembled very free respect to each other with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

Fixed fits with negligible clearances or small interferences. Mounting of fits using pressing and light force.

Picatinny RailMount

Ex .: High speed shafts, in general in its bushings. Positioning pins with medium accuracy.

For components with very strong blocking, with disassembly practicable only by substitution of one of the components.

Slipping fits of parts with great tolerances. The parts can easily be slid one into the other and turn.

Note: For economic reasons, the first choice for a fit should, whenever possible, be made from the tolerance classes shown with green color.

Fixed components with respect to each other and secured against rotation and sliding.

The Picatinny rail is very similar to the Weaver design, but they do not exactly interchange. The Weaver mounting rails have slots that are .180” wide and do not necessarily have a consistent spacing between the grooves. Picatinny slots are .206” wide with a center-to-center groove width of .394”.

For components that have to be disassembled very free respect to each other with abundant mechanical play.

For components that must move relative to each other with abundant mechanical play, generally with a rotary motion.

Tight fits with small clearances or negligible interference. The parts can be assembled or disassembled manually.

Rotating parts with high precision, with low and heavy loads, lubricated rationally, with correct hydrodynamic sustenance.

Couplings sliding axially lubricated, with no need of precision, with long seat or with low loads.

picatinny railwidth: 20mm

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For components that must be disassembled very free respect to one another with abundant mechanical play: operating temperature much higher than the one at mounting.

For components mutually fixed, assembled and demontable by hand or with little effort; fixed centering seats with good precision. Parts to be secured against rotation and sliding.

In addition to rifle and shotgun applications, the Picatinny rail can also be found on some handguns. Many handguns, particularly rimfires, feature a Picatinny rail along the top of the slide. This allows for the mounting of a red dot optic. Most medium to full-size handgun manufacturers include a Picatinny rail built into the bottom front portion of the frame. This is widely known as an accessory rail. Weapon lights and laser sights are the most common items mounted to handguns using this rail system.

For very fast rotating components, even with imperfect centering and sustenance not perfectly hydrodynamics and good mechanical play.