Finishing Pass: With very, very little material left over your final dimensions, there is less stress on your bit as it cuts; coupled with a slower feed rate and shallower cuts and you get a superior finished product at the cost of extra time.

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Roughing Pass:  For this stage, a toolpath is created which removes as much excess material from the workpiece as quickly as possible, while intentionally leaving a sliver of excess material surrounding the model on all sides.

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For roughing passes you want to use a pocket operation (2D or 3D depending on what your model looks like), adjusting your feed rates to be as deep and aggressive as your machine and materials allow.  Beyond that the most important setting is to enable “Stock to Leave,” which will create that sliver of leftover material for the Finishing pass to chew through. You can find this setting in the “Passes” tab when you modify all of the other settings for your operation.

In traditional manufacturing environments the use of roughing, followed by finishing passes is a fairly common practice that ensures improve surface finish, dimensional accuracy and tolerance. The process is as follows:

When someone starts using a CNC for the first time, there is a tendency to want to have the project finished as soon as possible. You’re excited after all, this is your maker moment, watching something of your own design take shape in front of you. Being so worked up, it would make sense to get your project to the finish line quickly, but what if you want more?

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There are a lot of operations you can set up for your finishing pass, the easiest of which is that you do another Pocket Operation, or with 3D objects you can use Parallel, Scallop or Contour operations as well.

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