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This is an insight conducted by Quality Tools UK investigating what is the toughest drill bit available on the market. This guide will explore the various drill bits and what they are made of and list the top seven strongest options.

Drill Bits made from Cobalt are a stronger alternative to the standard High-Speed Steel (HSS) drill bits. Not as tough as Carbide, these are more than capable of elevated temperature, friction and can retain their hardness well. Cobalt Drill Bits are considered one the best options for drilling into hardened steel materials. Despite this, they can be quite brittle, thus making their lifespan very questionable for certain users and their applicational requirements.

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Oxide Coated Drill Bits utilise the same High-Speed Steel material but with added coating to strengthen it within metal drilling applications. There is a diverse range of Oxide coated drill bits on offer, all suited for several types of drilling.

Unlike PVD coating operations, which use high electrical charges and atomic collisions to deposit coatings onto a tool, the CVD method utilizes the chemical properties of the metals to transfer metallic compounds onto the tool. The following steps are required to carry out the CVD operation:

Titanium Bits are a strong contender for drilling hardened steel. The coating allows for a higher strength and lifespan compared to High-Speed Steel (HSS) drill bits. They can drill through most metal material including Sheet Metal. A drawback to Titanium Coated Drill Bits is the difficulty to sharpen without reducing the wear of the material and potentially damaging the drill piece.

Arc ion plating and sputtering are both effective methods of applying a PVD coating. So why use one over the other? Arc ion plating has a significantly higher ionization rate than sputtering, allowing for much faster deposition rates, shortening coating times. In turn, since sputtering is a slower process, it allows for more control when applying multi-metal compositions and ensuring that the stoichiometry of the coating is even throughout the tool. Finally, during the PVD coating process, micro-droplets are formed as the vaporized metals condense and solidify onto the tools. As these droplets impact the newly applied coating, they can cause defects and craters, producing residual stress points. In order to achieve a perfect coating, droplet size must be minimized. Arc ion plating produces droplets up to 3µm (micrometers) in diameter, while sputtering has droplets with diameters up to 0.3µm. With droplets up to ten times smaller, sputtering produces much smoother and defect-free surfaces which have been proven to slow corrosion rates.

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This is one of the hardest drill bits on the market. Polycrystalline Diamond (sometimes simply referred to as PCD) is the greatest drill bit for hard-line materials such as ceramic. As such, these drill bits are often used for tiling applications for professional tilers, bathroom fitters, kitchen fitters and other trades people of similar applications. PCD Bits can drill through tiles with minimal damage to the surface material and without excess dust from the drilling process. The encrusted tip of the drill bit provides remarkable durability whilst the diamond coating maintains a smooth precision finish to any drilling activity. They can also be used for drilling stone or porcelain. Diamond Drill Bits are not best suited to Metal Surfaces and can be difficult for angle drilling.

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The PVD coating method is a process in which metals go through a cycle of vaporization and condensation to be transferred from their original solid state to the tool. The metal compounds that make up the coatings are often referred to as the “metal material” in this process. The metal material starts as a solid wafer and is vaporized into a plasma, which can then be put onto the tools in the chamber. In this process, the tools are referred to as the “substrate.”

Whilst most users will find that High-Speed Steel (HSS) drill bits will be the most adequate solution for any small-scale DIY project. This guide provides an insight into a range of different drill bit materials and coating that can be of benefit in a much larger and potentially more challenging environment/application.

Carbon Steel Drill Bits are quite easy to manufacture and can be very cost effective for consumers. The downside is that they are much less durable compared to the other six listed. When put to use on a high strength piece of metal such as Steel, carbon drills may become more prone to dulling or even breakages. These drill bits are better on more soft media such as Wood or Plastic and can often be used on lighter non-ferrous metals. The cost-effective simplicity of a Carbon Steel appeals to drill users but for even the simplest of DIY Tasks most people often opt for HSS as a reliable solution for their needs.

Tungsten Carbide is by far the strongest drill bit available for any user. Drill bits manufactured from Carbide are tough and extremely hard with a high heat dissipation. This allows it to hold an edge for a lot longer than other drill bits. They are the perfect high-quality Tool for production drilling projects. Most common uses for TC Drill Bits are in Masonry applications, such as drilling through brick or concrete. However, Carbide Bits are quite brittle. This means they are not best suited in hand drills or drill presses. Another factor that is prominent in these types of drills is cost. Tungsten Carbide drill bits can potentially be quite expensive due to the strong capabilities of the bit through tough masonry materials.

Although High-Speed Steel (HSS) is only ranked sixth on our list of strength, HSS is the most common Drill Bit material for most users/consumers. Its economical lightweight general-purpose design and structure makes it more than ideal for common drilling applications in various metals, plastic, wood, and other materials. HSS bits are tough and resistant to heat. As a result, HSS is suitable for high-speed operation and provides a long-lasting performance. Constructed from carbon steel with the addition of additional elements such as chrome and vanadium, HSS Drills are incredibly durable and are well suited for drilling into metal surfaces like Steel, Iron, Brass, Copper and Aluminium Alloy. These are perfect for everyday DIY tasks and proven to be a useful accomplice for any construction worker/trades person on any heavy-duty building/fixing project.

Tool coatings are utilized by machinists every day to accomplish prolonged tool life, a more efficient machining operation, and an overall higher quality final part. Most manufacturers use two different types of application techniques, PVD coating and CVD coating. Stay on “In the Loupe” to learn more about tool coatings by reading the following blog posts: Overview of Harvey Tool Coatings: Maximizing Performance and 3 Ways Tool Coatings Increase Tool Life.

The main difference between arc ion plating and sputtering is that arc ion plating uses high electrical currents to vaporize the metallic material, and the metal ions are steered onto the tool for coating. Sputtering, in contrast, uses the properties of magnetic fields to direct reactive gasses to collide with a target made up of metallic material. During these collisions, metallic surface ions fall from the target and land on the substrate, slowly bombarding it until it is sufficiently coated. Both arc ion plating and sputtering are high temperature, ultrahigh vacuum processes. The term “vacuum” refers to any pressure below atmospheric pressure at sea level.

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Most tool manufacturers offer tool coatings, made up of a layer of metal compounds adhered to the surface of the tool to enhance its performance. The most common methods for adding coatings to a tool are Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD coating) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD coating). This article will take a deep dive into PVD vs CVD to identify their unique and shared characteristics.

Citation:[1] Ucun, İ., Aslantas, K., & Bedir, F. (2013). An experimental investigation of the effect of coating material on tool wear in micro milling of Inconel 718 super alloy. Wear, 300(1-2), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.103

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