Ovčačíková, H., Tokarský, J., Maierová, P. et al. Effect of Mass Ratio and Milling on Compressive Strength and Corrosion Resistance of Blast-Furnace Slag/Fly Ash Geopolymer Activated by Solid Alkali Activator. J. Sustain. Metall. 8, 1961–1974 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-022-00618-5

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High-speed, high-efficiency grade with great high-temperature strength, which realises excellent wear resistance in high-efficiency machining

Hitesh, Wattal R, Surabhi L (2021) Development and characterization of coal fly ash through low-energy ball milling. Mater Today Proc 47(11):2970–2975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.204

Ismail I, Bernal AS, Provis JL, Nicolas SR, Hamdan S, Van Deventer JSJ (2014) Modification of phase evolution in alkali-activated blast furnace slag by the incorporation of fly ash. Cem Concr Compos 45:125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.006

100% diamond that directly binds nano-order diamond particles with high strength. Demonstrates optimum wear and fracture resistance as well as the best edge sharpness

Pacheco-Torgal F, Castro-Gomes J, Jalali S (2008) Alkali-activated binders: a review: Part 1. Historical background, terminology, reaction mechanisms and hydration products. Constr Build Mater 22(7):1305–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.015

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Bernal SA, Rodriguez ED, de Gutierrez RM, Provis JL (2012) Performance of alkali-activated slag mortars exposed to acids. J Adv Cem Based Mater 1(3):138–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/21650373.2012.747235

European Norm EN 196-6: Methods of testing cement—Part 6: determination of fineness, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, Czech Republic, 2019

Hany E, Fouad N, Abdel-Wahab M, Sadek E (2020) Compressive strength of mortars incorporating alkali-activated materials as partial or full replacement of cement. Constr Build Mater 261:120518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120518

High-speed, high-efficiency grade with great high-temperature strength, which realises excellent wear resistance in high-efficiency machining

Employs Brilliant Coat PVD coating with excellent lubricity to provide better wear resistance and consistent surface finishes in low-speed cutting applications such as machining of small products or low carbon steel

Angulo-Ramírez DE, Valencia-Saavedra WG, Mejía de Gutiérrez R (2020) Alkali-activated concretes based on fly ash and blast furnace slag: Compressive strength, water absorption and chloride permeability. Ingeniería e Investigación 40(2):72–80. https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n2.83893

Petrakis E, Karmali V, Bartzas G, Komnitsas K (2019) Grinding kinetics of slag and effect of final particle size on the compressive strength of alkali activated materials. Minerals 9(11):714. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9110714

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Development of crater damage is suppressed by controlling the orientation of the alumina crystal grains. Achieves long, stable tool life during high-speed and high feed cutting

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A new cermet substrate with excellent thermal conductivity is used to achieve outstanding thermal crack resistance. Also uses Brilliant Coat, which has excellent lubricity

Huseien GF, Mohd Sam AR, Alyousef R (2020) Texture, morphology and strength performance of self-compacting alkali-activated concrete: role of fly ash as GBFS replacement. Constr Build Mater 270:121368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121368

Rodríguez E, Bernal S, de Gutiérrez RM, Puertas F (2008) Alternative concrete based on alkali-activated slag. Mater Constr 58(291):53–67. https://doi.org/10.3989/mc.2008.v58.i291.104

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High-precision grade realizing long tool life with excellent surface roughness and stable machining. Maintains excellent surface roughness thanks to a high notch-wear resistant coating and tough CBN substrate

Zhang J, Shi C, Zhang Z, Ou Z (2017) Durability of alkali-activated materials in aggressive environments: a review on recent studies. Constr Build Mater 152:598–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.027

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Alumina coating with even higher strength balances outstanding stability and wear resistance in mill-scale work on forged material. Gold-colored coating makes used corners easily identifiable

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High-hardness cermet with outstanding wear resistance and toughness. Realises high dimensional accuracy for continuous steel machining or finishing of powdered metal or cast iron

Our 1st recommended grade for turning exotic alloys as it realises stable tool life with high-speed, high-efficiency machining

General-purpose grade with excellent wear resistance, fracture resistance, and thermal shock resistance, suitable for machining of cast iron and exotic alloys

Kanti P, Sharma KV, Ramachandra CG, Minea AA (2020) Effect of ball milling on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Indian coal fly ash nanofluid. Heat Transf 49(8):4475–4490. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.21836

Fly ash and granulated blast-furnace slag can be considered "multifunctional waste." This study is focused on properties of a non-cement binder prepared from slag and fly ash activated by solid alkali activator. Fly ash was milled (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 min) in order to increase its reactivity, and particle size distribution, specific surface area, and grain morphology were determined for all milled FA samples. Two GBFS + FA mixtures (70:30 and 85:15 w/w) were studied. Prepared mixtures were activated by solid alkali activator (Na2SiO3). Optimal weight ratios were calculated for CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3 components. Properties of the mixtures were studied in dependence on the GBFS:FA mass ratio and FA milling time (0–7.5 min). After 2 and 28 days of hydration, compressive strength of all mixtures exceeded 20 and 60 MPa, respectively. The 85:15 ratio led to generally higher compressive strength 108.3 MPa was reached after 90 days using FA milled for 7.5 min. Corrosion resistance was tested by exposing mixtures to distilled water, 0.5% HCl, and 3% Na2SO4 for 65 days, and evaluated by measuring changes in CS. Also the corrosion resistance was found higher (Na2SO4) than and comparable (HCl, water) to the 70:30 ratio. This study aims to show that GBFS + FA mixtures (70:30 and 85:15 w/w) activated by solid Na2SiO3 can achieve high CS and good corrosion resistance.

European Norm EN 15167-1: Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout-Part 1: definitions, specifications and conformity criteria, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, Czech Republic, 2006

Chi M, Huang R (2013) Binding mechanism and properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag mortars. Constr Build Mater 40:291–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.003

High-hardness cermet with outstanding wear resistance and toughness. Realises high dimensional accuracy for continuous steel machining or finishing of powdered metal or cast iron

A general-purpose cermet made from hard grains with different grain sizes, delivering functionality that provides an excellent balance of wear resistance and toughness, along with good surface finish quality

This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic via the “Institute of Environmental Technology—Excellent Research” project [Grant Number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000853]; the “Research on the management of waste, materials and other products of metallurgy and related sectors” project [Grant Number CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008426]; and the SGS projects [Grant Numbers SP2022/13 and SP2022/68].

Department of Thermal Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic

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High-hardness cermet with outstanding wear resistance and toughness. Realises high dimensional accuracy for continuous steel machining or finishing of powdered metal or cast iron

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European Norm EN 1927-5: Monolithic (unshaped) refractory products—Part 5: preparation and treatment of the test pieces, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, Czech Republic, 2013

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Employs a new PVD coating, and a dedicated tough carbide substrate. High-quality cutting edge grade suppresses adhesion and micro-chipping, realizing excellent machined surface quality

European Norm EN 196-1: Methods of testing cement. Part 1: determination of strength, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, Czech Republic, 2016

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For high-speed machining, BN1000 provides the highest wear resistance of all uncoated SUMIBORON grades, improving fracture resistance while maintaining an emphasis on wear resistance

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Institute of Environmental Technology, CEET, Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic

ASTM C618-19, Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2019)

Our 1st recommended grade for turning steel. Surface smoothing technology significantly suppresses adhesion of work material components. Achieves long, stable tool life with various cutting speeds and work materials

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Tensile stress removal of the coating layer greatly improves fracture resistance. Achieves long, stable tool life during heavy interrupted cutting

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Combines a high-hardness carbide substrate with excellent wear resistance and a new CVD coating with improved coating strength to achieve both excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance. Achieves long, stable tool life during high-speed cutting

Hossain MM, Karim MR, Hossain MK, Islam MN, Zain MFM (2015) Durability of mortar and concrete containing alkali-activated binder with pozzolans: a review. Constr Build Mater 93:95–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.094

A general-purpose cermet made from hard grains with different grain sizes, delivering functionality that provides an excellent balance of wear resistance and toughness, along with good surface finish quality

Chu YS, Davaabal B, Kim DS, Seo SK, Kim Y, Ruescher C, Temuujin J (2019) Reactivity of fly ashes milled in different milling devices. Rev Adv Mater Sci 58:179–188. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0028

Tough grade for titanium machining with excellent fracture and thermal resistance. Perfect for interrupted cutting and mill-scaled work

Drastically improves reliability in the unstable cutting range, thanks to the excellent adhesion and peel-off resistance of the new PVD coating as well as the improved fracture resistance of the dedicated carbide substrate

Yazdi MA, Liebscher M, Hempel S, Yang J, Mechtcherine V (2018) Correlation of microstructural and mechanical properties of geopolymers produced from fly ash and slag at room temperature. Constr Build Mater 191:330–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.037

Superior fracture resistance, providing excellent stability in interrupted unstable cutting and when cutting mill-scaled work

Centre for Advanced Innovation Technology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic

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Our 1st recommended grade for turning of stainless steel, achieving long and stable machining. Drastically reduces the abnormal damage common in stainless steel machining, thanks to the improved coating strength and excellent adhesion

Yang B, Jang JG (2020) Environmentally benign production of one-part alkali-activated slag with calcined oyster shell as an activator. Constr Build Mater 257(2):119552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119552

Superior wear and plastic deformation resistant grade, that utilizes a high hardness carbide substrate coupled with the high hardness Super FF Coat for high speed to continuous turning of Cast Iron

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Achieves high-efficiency, improved machining accuracy, and long tool life in machining of exotic alloys such as titanium alloy and Co-Cr alloys

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High-density sintered material made of ultra-fine grain diamond that demonstrates optimum wear and fracture resistance and excellent edge sharpness

High-hardness cermet with outstanding wear resistance and toughness. Realises high dimensional accuracy for continuous steel machining or finishing of powdered metal or cast iron

Felekoğlu B, Türkel S, Kalyoncu H (2009) Optimization of fineness to maximize the strength activity of high-calcium ground fly ash—Portland cement composites. Constr Build Mater 23:2053–2061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.024

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Ononiwu NH, Ozoegwu CG, Akinribide OJ, Akinlabi ET (2021) Effect of particle size on the microstructure and distribution of fly ash for metal matrix composite applications. Mater Today Proc 44(1):1118–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.227

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General-purpose grade for titanium machining that features excellent wear and thermal resistance. For applications from roughing to finishing

Fernández-Jiménez A, Garcia-Lodeiro I, Maltseva O, Palomo A (2019) Mechanical-chemical activation of coal fly ashes: an effective way for recycling and make cementitious materials. Front Mater 6:51. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00051

Luukkonen T, Abdollahnejad Z, Yliniemi J, Kinnunen P, Illikainen M (2018) Comparison of alkali and silica sources in one-part alkali-activated blast furnace slag mortar. J Clean Prod 187:171–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.202

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1st recommended grade, balancing excellent wear resistance and fracture resistance in hardened steel machining.Along with a tough CBN substrate, the coating combines wear resistance and toughness to achieve long, stable tool life even in high-efficiency and interrupted machining

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High-speed, high-efficiency grade with great high-temperature strength, which realises excellent wear resistance in high-efficiency machining

Kubba Z, Huseien GF, Sam ARM, Shah KW, Asaad MA, Ismail M, Tahir MM, Mirza J (2018) Impact of curing temperatures and alkaline activators on compressive strengthand porosity of ternary blended geopolymer mortars. Case Stud Constr Mater 9:e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2018.e00205

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