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Within each type of steel lies subcategories of steel – like low, medium, and high carbon steels; ferritic and duplex stainless steel alloys; aluminum, molybdenum, and silicon alloy steels; as well as oil-hardening, high-speed, and air-hardening tool steels.

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Of course, without diving into each type of steel individually there is only so much that can be said about their specific machining processes. However, having a basic understanding is the first step in developing a stronger machining strategy that could result in time (and costs) saved in the long run. If you’re ready to take your operation to the next level with an in-depth evaluation of your steel machining processes, contact Triumph today!

Problem: One of the main issues with high carbon steels involves high cutting forces because – you guessed it – high carbon steels are even tougher to cut than mild and medium steels.

Here at Triumph Tool, we provide machining solutions that help you save time and money, which is why we’re introducing our Machining 101 series! In Machining 101, we’ll cover the things you need to know to make informed decisions about tooling and machining processes. For the series kickoff, we’re starting with steel. Now, you may be thinking – does this include stainless steels? We’ve decided to cover stainless in a separate post, so stay tuned!

To cut any material efficiently, you must consider certain key characteristics of both the work piece and machining tool. But, with all these variables in play, how do you know the best way to cut a specific metal?

Consider: Heat and vibration can be minimized by adjusting cutting data, using coolant, adjusting workholding and toolholding, and selecting the right tool for the job.

A large part of wear resistance comes down to tool coating. So, what’s the best tool coating for steel? Generally speaking, CVD coating with AlTiN is often used for roughing/semifinishing processes. PVD TiAlN coatings tend to be the most popular for dry high-speed finishing as well as general machining. Finding the best coating for your process depends significantly on the type of steel being used, but the new Sandvik Coromant 4400 series is a great place to start, at least for turning.

Problem: Mild steels are soft and known as “gummy”. This can pose quite an issue for the machinist, as soft steel produces long chips that can easily impede tool path if not removed properly. Another common issue with mild steels is built up edge. Because these steels are soft, material tends to build up on the cutting face of the tool which can significantly impact cutting ability.

Consider: Higher cutting forces means one thing above all else – greater load on the tool. So, when you’re working with tough steels, tool wear needs to be considered to achieve a balance between toughness (which will provide great metal removal) and wear resistance (which prolongs tool life). This is a delicate balance that our Triumph Technical Sales Representatives would be happy to help you navigate. On top of this, lower cutting speeds and reduced cutting depth may be necessary to minimize tool load.

Optimized tooling choice for any material depends greatly on the grade of the material. For example, in steels where chip evacuation is a problem area, flute count can be optimized with greater flute count or a higher helix. Knowing the grade allows for appropriate tool choice, workholding, and fine-tuning of the operation for optimal efficiency.

Consider: With long chip forming materials feed rate, depth of cut and insert geometry are extremely important. With drilling and boring processes, coolant access and tool geometry can be specified for chip removal. Even mild steels react differently depending on the process and conditions. This is where a Triumph Technical Sales Representative can help you find the proper geometry for the job!

The other thing that must be considered is the process at hand – roughing vs. finishing, turning vs. milling, etc. Because tooling choice varies by process and type of steel, the best thing you can do to optimize your cutting operations is to speak with a Triumph Technical Sales Representative. With each coming from machining backgrounds, they can offer tooling solutions ranging from Good, to Better, to Best to find the right fit for your application.

Problem: Because medium steels are stronger than mild ones, they’re (not surprisingly) more difficult to cut. This often leads to issues with heat and vibration.

offers milling inserts providing 100% satisfaction in the industry. We deliver products to both domestic and overseas markets. With the most advanced manufacturing system and a complete line of units, Estool can produce high-quality milling inserts.

Steel is unique in the sense that it’s extremely versatile. As an alloy made up of multiple different elements, steel has a broad range of applications that differ depending on the type of steel being used. One of the main factors to consider when machining steel is that it’s strong, even at high temperatures. That said, because steel has such a broad range of characteristics every type will react differently. What does this mean for machining processes? You need to adjust accordingly!

As mentioned, there are more than a few factors to consider when machining metals. The “condition” of the work material is the combined set of characteristics which affect machinability. On top of this, you must also consider factors on the machine side, which together impact the efficacy of metal removal.

Typically, crystals in CVD alumina coatings are aligned randomly, which leaves weak areas susceptible to cracking. InveioTM Technology from Sandvik Coromant is the innovative answer to improved removal rates. Designed specifically for the mass-production processes involving steels, InveioTM Technology creates unidirectional crystal alignment in the coating to improve wear-resistance and performance at high speeds and temperatures. The 4400 series offers a broad application range while allowing higher speed cutting and longer times in the cut due to heat resistance and toughness. When it comes to milder steels, there are a variety of chip-breaking geometries available.

Best works for finishing to light roughing applications,10+ year's experience and expertise in milling inserts production. Estool range of milling inserts comes in an assortment of materials, sizes, shapes, and styles. You will find a variety of inserts, flexible and accurate. For the most common machining application, Estool milling inserts provide you best solution. Estool offers cutting tool solutions for various application areas. Need custom solution for special projects? Contact us today!

The best tool materials for machining steel will offer high hardness and abrasion resistance for faster cutting and longer tool life. Carbide and high-speed steel are both excellent options.

Consider these factors when selecting your tooling and process setup. Your machining efficiency will improve significantly.