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Ability of the tool to withstand stresses that cause it to wear during cutting; an attribute linked to alloy composition, base material, thermal conditions, type of tooling and operation and other variables.

Secrest, Rose "Flute ." How Products Are Made. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2024). https://www.encyclopedia.com/manufacturing/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/flute

Brutalmeaning

Other flutes are held horizontally, and are played by blowing air against the edge of a hole in the side of the flute. These instruments, known as transverse flutes, include the modern flute used in orchestras.

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Fluid that reduces temperature buildup at the tool/workpiece interface during machining. Normally takes the form of a liquid such as soluble or chemical mixtures (semisynthetic, synthetic) but can be pressurized air or other gas. Because of water’s ability to absorb great quantities of heat, it is widely used as a coolant and vehicle for various cutting compounds, with the water-to-compound ratio varying with the machining task. See cutting fluid; semisynthetic cutting fluid; soluble-oil cutting fluid; synthetic cutting fluid.

Depending on a part’s design and function, a hard material may be required. Specific materials and hardnesses are used to reduce part wear and increase longevity. Hard materials, typically alloy steels, are classified as greater than or equal to 44 HRC. When choosing to tap hard material internal threads, the material hardness should be less than 55 HRC. Tapping materials greater than 55 HRC isn’t practical.

Some flutes are held vertically and are played by blowing air against the edge of a hole in the end of the flute. These instruments include Japanese bamboo flutes and the panpipe. The panpipe, also known as the syrinx, consists of several vertical flutes of various sizes joined together.

Group of alloy steels which, after proper heat treatment, provide the combination of properties required for cutting tool and die applications. The American Iron and Steel Institute divides tool steels into six major categories: water hardening, shock resisting, cold work, hot work, special purpose and high speed.

The ancient Greeks used panpipes, probably indirectly influenced by more sophisticated Chinese versions. The transverse flute was used in Greece and Etruria by the second century b.c. and later appeared in India, China, and Japan. Flutes almost disappeared from Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire, until the Crusades brought Europeans into contact with the Arabs. Vertical flutes spread from the Middle East to Europe, and are still used in the Balkans and the Basque regions of Spain and France. Transverse flutes spread from the Byzantine Empire to Germany, then appeared in Spain and France by the fourteenth century.

To determine if tapping is viable for your hard material application, first establish its hardness rating. Once you know the hardness of the material, ask yourself: “Why am I trying to tap this versus thread mill this?” If the choice is still to tap, the most practical scenario is when you tap sizes UNC ¼" to ½", and M6 to M12. On holes smaller than ¼" and M6, a tap cannot withstand the torque required. In holes larger than ½" and M12, the thread pitch is coarse, radially deep and has a large diameter, resulting in high torque and heat when tapping.

A flute is a musical instrument that produces sound when a stream of air is directed against the edge of a hole, causing the air within the body of the instrument to vibrate. Most flutes are tubular, but some are globular or other shapes. Some flutes are played by blowing air into a mouthpiece, which directs the air against the edge of a hole else-where in the flute. These instruments, known as whistle flutes, include the tubular recorder and the globular ocarina. Other flutes are played by blowing air directly against the edge of the hole.

Cylindrical tool that cuts internal threads and has flutes to remove chips and carry tapping fluid to the point of cut. Normally used on a drill press or tapping machine but also may be operated manually. See tapping.

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"flute ." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2024 .

flute中文

Very few changes have been made in the basic design of the modern transverse flute since the middle of the nineteenth century. Flutemakers will continue to find ways to make small but critical changes in individual instruments to fit the needs of individual musicians.

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During the Renaissance, transverse flutes consisted of wooden cylinders of various sizes, typically made of boxwood, with a cork stopper in one end and six finger holes. During the late seventeenth century, the Hotteterre family, noted French instrument makers, redesigned the transverse flute. Instead of a single cylinder, the flute consisted of a head joint, a body, and a foot joint. Modern flutes are still made in these three basic parts. The new flute also had a single key added, allowing more notes to be played. After 1720, the body was often divided into two parts of varying lengths, allowing the flute to be adjusted to play in various musical keys. By 1760, three more keys were added by London flutemakers, followed by two additional keys by 1780 and two more by 1800.

Runs endmills and arbor-mounted milling cutters. Features include a head with a spindle that drives the cutters; a column, knee and table that provide motion in the three Cartesian axes; and a base that supports the components and houses the cutting-fluid pump and reservoir. The work is mounted on the table and fed into the rotating cutter or endmill to accomplish the milling steps; vertical milling machines also feed endmills into the work by means of a spindle-mounted quill. Models range from small manual machines to big bed-type and duplex mills. All take one of three basic forms: vertical, horizontal or convertible horizontal/vertical. Vertical machines may be knee-type (the table is mounted on a knee that can be elevated) or bed-type (the table is securely supported and only moves horizontally). In general, horizontal machines are bigger and more powerful, while vertical machines are lighter but more versatile and easier to set up and operate.

Tangential velocity on the surface of the tool or workpiece at the cutting interface. The formula for cutting speed (sfm) is tool diameter 5 0.26 5 spindle speed (rpm). The formula for feed per tooth (fpt) is table feed (ipm)/number of flutes/spindle speed (rpm). The formula for spindle speed (rpm) is cutting speed (sfm) 5 3.82/tool diameter. The formula for table feed (ipm) is feed per tooth (ftp) 5 number of tool flutes 5 spindle speed (rpm).

Two seemingly opposite trends hint at the future of flutemaking. Many performers of music from the Renaissance, Baroque, and Classical periods prefer to use flutes that resemble the instruments used during those times. Such instruments are believed to be more suited to older music than modern flutes, which developed during the Romantic period. On the other hand, many performers of jazz, rock, and experimental music use electronic devices to alter the sounds of flutes in new ways. Despite these two trends, the instrument originally designed by Theobald Bohm is likely to dominate flutemaking for many years to come.

JAMES STEVENS CURL "flute ." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2024 .

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MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "flute ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Retrieved November 24, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute

flute in music, generic term for such wind instruments as the fife , the flageolet , the panpipes , the piccolo , and the recorder . The tone of all flutes is produced by an airstream directed against an edge, producing eddies that set up vibrations in the air enclosed in the attached tube. In the transverse flute, the principal orchestral flute today, the edge is on the mouth hole on the side of the instrument, over which the player blows. The oldest archaeological remains of a flute is some 30,000 years old, and the oldest complete, playable instrument is a nearly 9,000-year-old bone flute found in China in 1987. The transverse flute is also an extremely old instrument, universal in ancient and primitive cultures; it was known in Europe by the 9th cent. During the baroque period both the recorder and the transverse flute were used in the orchestra, the latter by Lully in 1672. In the classical period the transverse flute displaced the less-powerful recorder, which could not match its dynamic range. In the 19th cent. the transverse flute assumed substantially its present form after the improvements of Theobald Boehm (1794-1881), who ascertained the acoustically correct size and placement of the holes and devised an ingenious system of keys to cover them. The flute was originally made of wood but is now most often of silver. It is the most brilliant and agile of the orchestral woodwinds, and it also has a considerable solo and chamber-music literature. The transverse...

T. F. HOAD "flute ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2024 .

A flute may be elaborately decorated. The physical appearance of a flute is an important consideration for professional musicians who perform in public. The most detailed designs are likely to found on the professional quality flutes. The process of forming these designs, known as chasing, requires the skill of an experienced artist, and makes the individual flute a truly unique instrument.

"flute ." World Encyclopedia. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2024). https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/flute

Some modern flutes are made from wood that produces a different sound from metal flutes. These wooden flutes generally have metal keys and mechanisms.

Flutemeaningslang

Every flute is an individually crafted work of art. The flutemaker must consider the needs of the musician who will use the flute. Students need relatively inexpensive but reliable instruments. Professional musicians must have instruments of very high quality, often with special changes made in the keys to accommodate special needs.

"flute ." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2024). https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute-0

Cellomeaning

The pads attached to the surface of the keys in order to cover the holes are made of cork and felt. The springs that provide tension to hold the keys firmly against the holes may be made of steel, bronze, or gold. The pins and screws that hold the mechanism together are made of steel. The mouthpiece, containing the hole into which air is blown, may be made of the same metal as the rest of the flute, or it may be made of another metal, such as platinum.

by KT Kembaiyan · 1995 · Cited by 84 — The hard coatings can be applied on finished drill bit cones and polycrystalline diamond compact bits without damaging the cutters or substrate material.

Contrabass flute

Contour milling cutter for contour cutting of the plate, cutting of breakout bridges, depanelling of plates, milling of holes with a diameter greater than ...

Most flutes are made of metal. Less expensive flutes, intended for students, may be made from alloys of nickel and other metals. More expensive flutes may be plated with silver.

Machining operation in which a tap, with teeth on its periphery, cuts internal threads in a predrilled hole having a smaller diameter than the tap diameter. Threads are formed by a combined rotary and axial-relative motion between tap and workpiece. See tap.

Flute classification

Steel containing specified quantities of alloying elements (other than carbon and the commonly accepted amounts of manganese, sulfur and phosphorus) added to cause changes in the metal’s mechanical and/or physical properties. Principal alloying elements are nickel, chromium, molybdenum and silicon. Some grades of alloy steels contain one or more of these elements: vanadium, boron, lead and copper.

flute / floōt/ • n. 1. a wind instrument made from a tube with holes along it that are stopped by the fingers or keys, held vertically or horizontally so that the player's breath strikes a narrow edge. ∎ a modern orchestral instrument of this type, typically of metal, held horizontally, with the mouthpiece near one end, which is closed. ∎ an organ stop with wooden or metal flue pipes producing a similar tone. 2. Archit. an ornamental vertical groove in a column. ∎ a trumpet-shaped frill on a dress or other garment. ∎ any similar cylindrical groove, as on pastry. 3. a tall, narrow wine glass: a flute of champagne. • v. 1. [with direct speech] speak in a melodious way reminiscent of the sound of a flute: “What do you do?” she fluted. ∎ [intr.] poetic/lit. play a flute or pipe: to him who sat upon the rocks, and fluted to the morning sea | [tr.] some swan fluting a wild carol. 2. [tr.] [often as adj.] (fluted) make flutes or grooves in: fluted columns. ∎ make trumpet-shaped frills on (a garment): a fluted collar. DERIVATIVES: flute·like / -ˌlīk/ adj. ORIGIN: Middle English: from Old French flahute, probably from Provençal flaüt, perhaps a blend offlaujol ‘flageolet’ + laüt‘lute.’ flute

Much of the responsibility for maintaining the quality of a flute rests with the musician. Routine maintenance often prevents flaws from developing. Each time the flute is assembled, the connecting surfaces of the joints and body should be cleaned to prevent wear caused by dirt and corrosion. The interior of the flute should be swabbed each time it is played to remove moisture, which could cause the pads to swell so that they no longer fit the tone holes. Careful lubrication of the keys with a special lubricant is necessary about every three to six months in order to keep them working smoothly.

One procedure for improving machinability of stainless steels is the result of changes in composition by adding sulfur, selenium, lead, copper, etc.

Machining operation in which metal or other material is removed by applying power to a rotating cutter. In vertical milling, the cutting tool is mounted vertically on the spindle. In horizontal milling, the cutting tool is mounted horizontally, either directly on the spindle or on an arbor. Horizontal milling is further broken down into conventional milling, where the cutter rotates opposite the direction of feed, or “up” into the workpiece; and climb milling, where the cutter rotates in the direction of feed, or “down” into the workpiece. Milling operations include plane or surface milling, endmilling, facemilling, angle milling, form milling and profiling.

Flutes have existed since prehistoric times. A fragment of a cave bear thigh bone containing two holes, discovered in Slovenia in 1995, is believed by some scientists to be part of a flute used by Neanderthals more than 43,000 years ago. Flutes were used by the Sumerians and Egyptians thousands of years ago. Some ancient Egyptian flutes have survived, preserved in tombs by the arid desert climate. This Egyptian instrument was a vertical flute, about one yard (0.9 m) long and about 0.5 in (1.3 cm) wide, with between two to six finger holes. Modern versions of this flute are still used in the Middle East today.

Cymbalmeaning

Secures a cutting tool during a machining operation. Basic types include block, cartridge, chuck, collet, fixed, modular, quick-change and rotating.

The exact size, shape, and position of the keys and tone holes must be accurate to ensure that they will fit together correctly. The completed instrument is played by an experienced musician to ensure that it produces sound correctly. Because professional musicians often make special demands of flutes, flutemakers will often make small adjustments in flutes to satisfy them.

The most individual portion of a flute is the head joint. Professional musicians often test several head joints before selecting one which produces the sound they prefer. Head joints are often manufactured to meet the special demands of individual musicians.

At room temperature, in their generally recommended heat treatment, HSS grades generally display high hardness (above 60 Rockwell C) and abrasion resistance ...

Tone holes are formed in the body of the flute. They are formed by a process of pulling and rolling or by cutting and soldering. Either process requires great precision to ensure that the tone holes are located in the correct position and are of the correct size.

Boring Head: 2" Body Dia, 1/2" Hole Dia, Manual MSC# 01066489 Mfr# CB202B 1 In Stock Web Price $510.20 / ea.

T. F. HOAD "flute ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. . Retrieved November 24, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute-1

Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a material to surface indentation or abrasion. There is no absolute scale for hardness. In order to express hardness quantitatively, each type of test has its own scale, which defines hardness. Indentation hardness obtained through static methods is measured by Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers and Knoop tests. Hardness without indentation is measured by a dynamic method, known as the Scleroscope test.

In fact, threading hardened materials with taps can be a secondary consideration because thread milling is typically the preferred method in very hard materials. There is less load on the tool and reduced heat, as well as greater wear resistance when using thread mills.

The material from which a flute is made greatly alters the sound which is produced. Wooden flutes produce a dark sound. Silver flutes produce a bright sound. The thickness of the metal used to make a flute also alters the sound it makes, as well as changing the weight of the instrument. All these factors may influence the design of a flute preferred by a particular musician.

Secrest, Rose "Flute ." How Products Are Made. . Retrieved November 24, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/manufacturing/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/flute

JAMES STEVENS CURL "flute ." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. . Retrieved November 24, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "flute ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2024). https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute

JAMES STEVENS CURL "flute ." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2024). https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute

Constant inspection of each part of the flute during the manufacturing process is critical to ensure that the instrument will produce the proper sound. As the instrument moves from one position on the assembly line to the next, workmanship is reviewed.

First, calculate the cutting length per min. from the feed and spindle speed. ... Substitute the answer above into the formula. ... 0.5×60=30(sec)The answer is 30 ...

Flute

A flute is made of hundreds of components, ranging from the relatively large body to tiny pins and screws. Although some of the small components are interchangeable and can be purchased from outside manufacturers, the vast majority of the components must be individually shaped for each flute.

"flute ." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. . Retrieved November 24, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute-0

Official Website of Freud Tools. Learn about Freud's line up of best in the world Saw Blades, Router Bits, Drilling & Boring, Cutterheads, Knives & Inserts, ...

Founded in 1985, Harvey Performance Company is a leading designer and manufacturer of specialized cutting tools for precision machining applications.

Drilling Techniques and Speed Charts ; 6mm, 970 rpm, 2580 rpm ; 7mm, 830 rpm, 2580 rpm ; 8mm, 830 rpm, 2580 rpm ; 9mm, 500 rpm, 1820 rpm.

T. F. HOAD "flute ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. . Encyclopedia.com. (November 24, 2024). https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/flute-1

Process of both external (e.g., thread milling) and internal (e.g., tapping, thread milling) cutting, turning and rolling of threads into particular material. Standardized specifications are available to determine the desired results of the threading process. Numerous thread-series designations are written for specific applications. Threading often is performed on a lathe. Specifications such as thread height are critical in determining the strength of the threads. The material used is taken into consideration in determining the expected results of any particular application for that threaded piece. In external threading, a calculated depth is required as well as a particular angle to the cut. To perform internal threading, the exact diameter to bore the hole is critical before threading. The threads are distinguished from one another by the amount of tolerance and/or allowance that is specified. See turning.

The transverse flute was completely redesigned in the middle of the nineteenth century by the German instrument maker Theobald Bohm. Bohm changed the position of the holes and increased their size. Because the new holes were impossible to reach with the fingers, new mechanisms were added to cover and uncover them as needed. The Bohm system is still used in modern transverse flutes.

"flute ." World Encyclopedia. . Retrieved November 24, 2024 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/flute

MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "flute ." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. . Encyclopedia.com. 24 Nov. 2024 .