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Hammer drills with a Jacobs chuck (like you have) do not really have enough hammer force. They can often get by for smaller and shallow holes, but it does not seem to be getting the job done in your instance. When they fail, they often burn up the drill bits as you have seen.

The difference between the hammer drill and the rotary hammer drill with the SDS drill bit is night and day. It took only a few seconds for the rotary hammer to drill the hole with no visible wear to the drill bit.

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If your bits are still overheating, then keep a spare handy so you can switch to it. By the time your spare gets hot, your first will have cooled off.

The drill bit does not need cooling (water). It only warmed up slightly. Pouring down water in the hole is also counter-productive because it is harder to extract the debris that way (I use an air compressor).

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SDS rotary hammers have a completely different chuck and deliver significantly more hammer force. I've used a SDS rotary hammer to drill a couple of dozen 3/8 inch holes in concrete, and the bit barely looked worse for wear.

High quality bits will definitely cost less over time, not only with heat problems but with breakage and work speed. I like Bosch bits. They make SDS-Plus bits too, called BullDog I think.

Other posters have mentioned this, and I agree: If you are drilling concrete, get a rotary hammer with an SDS-Plus bit. I was able to find a really beefy Ryobi one with a cord on Amazon for about $65.

One drill bit tip cracked off and the second one is starting to become round. I feel like the drill has good power but the drill bits don’t hold up.

Masonry bits work in 2 parts. The hammer slams the bit forward and chips a bit of the concrete, and the rotation of the bit extracts the chips and dust from the hole.