Steelcrystalstructurechart

Crystalstructure of steelat room temperature

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The crystalline structure of steel. Ferritic steels are made up of ferrite crystals, a form of iron which contains only a very small amount (up to 0.025%) of carbon. Ferrite absorbs such a small amount of carbon because of its body centred cubic crystal structure - one iron atom at each corner, and one in the middle. Austenite has a face-centred cubic structure with an atom at each corner and at the centre of each face of the unit cell, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron with an alloying element. In plain-carbon steel, austenite exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000 K (727 °C). Martensite is a very hard metastable structure with a body-centered tetragonal (BCT) crystal structure. Martensite is formed in steels when the cooling rate from austenite is at such a high rate that carbon atoms do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure in large enough quantities to form cementite (Fe3C). Cementite is a chemical compound whose inclusion hardens steel. Each molecule is made of three iron atoms bonded to one carbon atom (Fe3C) to form a crystal lattice structure called orthorhombic, where multiple rectangular prisms arise from the same base structure and intersect at 90 degree angles.

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