Knowing the differences between these two main types of milling, conventional cutting and climb milling, help you make the best selection when deciding how a part should be milled. The workpiece’s material properties and the desired surface finish of the part have a big impact on how well each process will work, but both are useful tools for machining many different kinds of parts. Tool deflection affecting cutting accuracy is a major difference between these two milling methods, as the conventional mill finish pass would make the workpiece more accurate with little tendency for deflection. The following illustration contains small arrows (often called vectors) showing the direction of tool deflection as the cutter moves along the toolpath:. The arrows show where the cutting force is attempting to deflect the cutter in a climb cut, so it is important to avoid too much depth of cut when climb milling to create less kind of deflection.

The aggressive entry angle of the cutting tool is great for material removal rates, but can also result in a great deal of backlash, or chatter. Conventional milling was often used to reduce the likelihood of backlash and chatter, but with many modern machines using backlash eliminators, backlash in climb milling less of a concern, but it can still greatly affect surface quality if not taken into account.

One of the reasons this type of machining is the traditional approach is because of its many advantages. Some of the advantages of conventional CNC milling are:

CNC milling is one of the most common machining processes used to manufacture complex parts. When milling a part, one of the first questions a machinist must ask is whether to use conventional or climb milling on that part. While climb and conventional milling are relatively similar, the key difference is in the rotation of the cutting tool in relation to the movement of the workpiece. While this may seem like a small change, it can have a big impact on the part being machined. Common wisdom is that CNC’ers are always Climb Milling and manual machinists are always Conventional Milling. It’s probably true that manual machinists should stick to Conventional Milling as their preferred way of milling because the backlash of their machines makes it dangerous to Climb Mill. However, with advancements in technology and the use of lead screws, Climb Milling has become a viable option for CNC milling machines as well. Read on to learn more about each type of CNC milling, as well as the use cases for each, including the production of a rough surface.

Machine length drills are also called screw-machine length or stub length drills. These drills were designed for use in screw machines where the overall length and shorter flutes offer increased rigidity. They are often used for hard materials where the increased rigidity helps to prevent skating on the material. Speed and feed rates can be found on our technical information page, here.

These tools are short length and are made to be very ridged so they can precisely drill a spot hole for a twist drill. The dimple hole prevents the bigger twist drill from walking. However, you do not need a dimple hole for all drills. It is recommended to only use a spotting drill for HSS material tools longer than a 5XD length. Carbide tools or insertable drills are much more rigid than HSS tools so generally they do not deflect and don’t need a pilot hole, in fact, some manufactures recommend not using a spotting drill because the dimple can chip the carbide drill or insert. Short length HSS drills don’t need a pilot hole including screw machine-length drills.

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The same forces that help to reduce clamping requirements can have a negative impact as well. Because the tool is climbing, or pulling into the workpiece, it can be much easier for the tool to pull too far and remove too much material. Because the tool and the workpiece are moving in the same direction, the process is also harder to control, though with modern machine tools and CNC controls, many of these problematic aspects are compensated for.Download our DFM for CNC machining checklist for tips that’ll help ensure your part is well-designed for machining the first time:

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Milling is one of the most common machining operations for a reason. The ability to shape workpieces into the desired form with high tolerances and great repeatability makes it an ideal process for many applications.

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Milling machines are highly accurate, capable of achieving precision within a few thousandths of an inch. However, the accuracy of a milling machine depends on various factors such as machine quality, operator skill, and tooling. Regular maintenance and calibration can also help ensure optimal accuracy.

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With less accurate and less powerful CNC machines, conventional milling still results in high-quality parts. Due to the direction of the rotation of the cutting edge, the tool is less likely to pull into the workpiece which keeps the accuracy high and prevents errors.

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Drilling is the cutting process to create holes in a material. There are many different types of drills specific to specific materials and applications such as steels, cast irons, aluminum, stainless steels, plastics, composites, alloys, deep holes, pilot holes, micro applications, etc. In the metal cutting industry, CNC drilling uses either milling machines or centers and lathes to cut round holes. RedLine Tools offer a full range of drills for every application including; Micro Spotting Drills, Spotting Drills, Micro Drills, Stub Length Drills, Jobber Length Drills, Screw Machine Length Drills, Taper Length Drills, Multi-Material, Double-Margin and Combined Countersink Drills. Our tungsten carbide drills can withstand extreme conditions, including high temperatures and have a longer tool life than high-speed steel drills. All RedLine Tools drills are Proudly Made in the USA.

Pro-Tip: To reduce the likelihood of backlash, reduce the cutting force by reducing tooling size, cut depth, feed height, and spindle speed.

Because climb milling can improve the surface finish of many parts, it is often used as a final pass. Conventional milling does the bulk of material removal with climb milling used at the end to get the final dimension with a superior surface quality. Aerospace parts, even for harder materials like titanium, often have a final climb milling process pass, which can be counterintuitive for a lot of machinists who were trained for most of their careers. The consensus over at Practical Machinist supports this approach as well, especially in thin wall work where the walls are weak and the tool diameter and stickout result in small enough deflection for your finish pass.

For all your CNC machining (conventional, climb, or otherwise) and finishing needs, Fictiv has you covered. We’re experts at producing custom CNC machined tight tolerance parts, in a variety of materials, and we simplify custom part sourcing with intelligent, streamlined, automated workflows. Fictiv is your operating system for custom manufacturing that makes part procurement faster, easier, and more efficient.

In climb milling, the cutter rotates against the direction of feed, which results in the tool “climbing” into the workpiece. This technique offers advantages such as reduced tool wear, smoother surface finish, and less chance of workpiece lifting. However, it requires careful consideration of factors like backlash and control.

RedLine Aluminum & Non-Ferrous High Performance Drills have been specifically designed for high penetration rates, great chip evacuation, and improved hole quality, speed and performance for lower hole costs. Their parabolic flute design allows for deeper holes to be cut cleanly. Shanks are manufactured to h6 tolerance, suitable for use in shrink-fit holders. These carbide drills are available in the bright uncoated finish. Feed rates and tolerances can be found on our technical information page, here.

... rates to maintain consistent chip loads and minimized cutting forces throughout the cut. This results in increased productivity and reduced operating costs ...

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Conventional CNC milling or conventional milling requires the cutting tool’s rotation to be opposite the direction of the feed, which is considered to be fighting the feed. This process is also called up milling because the cutting tool starts at the base of the cut and pulls up through the workpiece. Most often, manual CNC milling is accomplished via conventional milling.

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Download scientific diagram | Examples in which hard materials (porcelain, wood) were used to create objects with shapes that appear soft.

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These drills are primarily used on soft metals like copper, aluminum or brass. These metals have increased ductility and softness that causes the material to make prolonged contact with the rake face. The material softness increases the likelihood of a twist drill “digging-in”. However, straight flute drills do not have this issue and maintain proper hole diameter and sidewall surface finish. Speed and feed rates can be found on our technical information page, here.

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CNC milling is a subtractive machining process whereby a rotating cutting tool is used to remove material from a workpiece. Milling allows for complex geometries with high repeatability and is a crucial process for making many parts. With 3, 4, 5, and even 6-axis CNC mills, part geometries can have many different features and components while still being highly repeatable. Complexity is no problem with today’s sophisticated CNC machinery.

Taper shank drills have a Morse tapered shank that fits directly into the tapered holes of drill press spindles, driving sleeves or sockets. They produce more torque strength for heavy duty work and reduce time to change drills. Speed and feed rates can be found on our technical information page, here.

High performance drills are manufactured to meet the demands of high volume production. Made from carbide, these drills offer longer tool life, higher speeds, and excellent chip control. The coolant thru style of some of these provide better chip removal than standard drills. Redline high performance dills include many different configurations such as circuit board drills, micro drills, and multi-material 3, 5, and 7 flute drills. High performance AlTiN coating is also available on these drills.

Nick Ysidron Nick is a mechanical engineer working in the HVAC and IoT space. When he isn’t designing new tech to make our lives more connected and improving the air we breathe, he enjoys spending time with his wife Bridget and son James. He holds Bachelor’s degrees in Mechanical Engineering and Spanish from Louisiana State University. His hobbies include anything outdoors, 3D printing, playing with his son, and reading as often as he can.

The change in rotation has other benefits, too. Since chips are ejected away from the cutting tool’s path of motion, the chance of recutting is greatly reduced. The cutting angle also helps push the workpiece into the table, which reduces the clamping requirements.

RedLine multi-material drills are designed to give optimal performance in a wide range of materials. Our 142° point is designed to reduce thrust and our flute design stabilizes our drills for better positioning and for a more accurate hole. All shanks are manufactured to h6 tolerance, suitable for use in shrink-fit holders. They are available in coolant fed and non-coolant fed varieties. Information about coolant pressure requirements and feed rates can be found on the technical information page, here.

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Easy-to-Machine Corrosion-Resistant 316 Stainless Steel machines faster with less wear on cutting tools than standard 316 stainless steel.

Hard materials like cast iron and hot rolled steel are typically better machined using conventional milling processes, while some softer variations of steel respond better to climb milling. Conventional milling should be used with materials that are prone to chatter or tearing. Climb milling is great for workpieces that have a tendency to lift since the forces push the workpiece into the table.

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No new equipment is needed to do climb milling. The machinist simply has to change the feed direction for the workpiece. Although the change may seem small, climb milling can have a big impact on the quality of the finished part.

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These drills are heavy duty jobber length twist drills used to drill holes in hard to reach places. Available in oxide coated HSS and cobalt with 135° split points.

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Conventional, or up milling also requires higher clamping forces. The cutting tool naturally wants to pull the workpiece up and away from the machine table as chips are removed. For machines prone to backlash or for materials that commonly tear or chatter, the pros of conventional milling often outweigh the cons, including the need for an extra spring cut. Manual machines will almost always use conventional milling processes.

These drills reduce cutting forces and provide additional stability for heavier feed rates in most materials and gives increased performance when drilling Stainless Steel, Titanium, Carbon Steels and Cast Iron. Our double margin design provides improved hole finishes, quicker hole engagement and better location accuracy when drilling through cross holes. All holes have a h6 tolerance, suitable for shrink-fit holders. They are available in coolant fed and non-coolant fed varieties. Information about coolant pressure requirements and feed rates can be found on the technical information page, here.

These are general purpose HSS drills that have a longer cutting length than jobber drills. The name “taper length” comes from the fact that they have the same cutting length as tapered shank drills.

Pro-Tip: Climb milling is the better choice when cutting less than half the cutter tool’s diameter. For cutting more than 75% of the cutter tool’s diameter, use conventional milling due to the potential for negative rake.

These drills are used for drilling holes smaller than 3 mm in diameter. Often used in the aerospace industry, mold and dye making and electronics, RedLine Tools has carbide drill from .0040 to .1250 in diameter. They can be used on a wide range of materials. The AlTiN coated drills allow for increased tool life.

RedLine Tools has a wide selection of micro center spotting drills. These drills are made from rigid carbide to provide an accurate pilot hole.

Conventional and climb milling are both great options for machining, but how do you know which process to use for your project? The material being machined and the desired surface quality are key factors for determining the optimal process.

Variations in how the cutting tool moves over the workpiece results in different surface finishes, cutting styles, and machine requirements. Certain components benefit from specific CNC machines, for example Swiss machines are excellent at producing small parts with tight tolerances. Fictiv offers many different CNC options to produce even the most complex parts at ridiculous speeds.

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Soft materials like aluminum work well with climb milling. While most materials work well with conventional milling, here are some that do well with climb milling:

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Spotdrill size chart

For most woodworkers, the down cut type of spiral bit is most useful, particularly for those using a router to cut dados, rabbets and visible slots. Some ...

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These drills have a length that is 8-12 times its diameter. They are suited for general purpose applications. These drills are available in solid carbide, cobalt and high-speed steel substrates. Coatings available include AlTiN, Oxide finish, Black & Gold, and Bright finish. Speed and feed rates can be found on our technical information page, here.

To machine a component with a CNC mill, the workpiece must first be clamped down (aka fixtured) in the machine. Once fixtured, the cutting tool removes material from the workpiece with each pass. CNC milling machines either involve a moving tool impacting a stationary part or a stationary tool impacting a moving part. Regardless, the material removal is accomplished when the cutting tool rotates rapidly to remove chips of material and shape the workpiece into the desired part.

These drills have a shank that is smaller than the cutting diameter that allow a single holder to be used for a variety of drill sizes from 33/64 to 1-1/2 inch. All RedLine Tools Silver and Deming drills have a shank diameter of ½”. Speed and feed rates can be found on our technical information page, here.

The tool enters the workpiece much more aggressively since it comes in from the top with climb cutting milling. As the cutting tool rotates, it takes a large chunk of material with it. The chip width decreases as the tool rotates until the cutting tool exits at a gentle angle. This gentle exit angle results in superior surface quality over conventional milling techniques.

What is climb milling, aka down milling? Climb milling is very similar to conventional milling with the only real difference being the rotation of the cutting edge relative to the workpiece. While the cutting tool rotates “up” in conventional milling, in climb milling the cutting edge rotates “down” resulting in the cutting tool climbing or pulling into the workpiece. Essentially, in climb milling, the direction of the cut and the direction of the cutting tool’s rotation are the same, and they work in conjunction to suck the mill up and over, away from the work piece, resulting in a better finish and requiring less energy. On some machines, like a gantry router, the spindle moves, so the labels would reverse. G-Wizard now reminds you with a little hint which one you should use.

The rotation of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece causes chips to be ejected in the same direction as the tool is moving. Many of these chips will get recut as the tool passes over them again, which reduces the surface quality of the finished part and wears tools out faster.

While conventional milling has many benefits, it has its share of downsides as well. Some of the cons to using conventional milling include:

Conventional milling, on the other hand, involves rotating the cutter in the same direction as the feed. This technique is more commonly used when working with older machines or materials that are prone to chipping