Hardened Steel Drill Bits: Our Top Picks - drill into hardened steel

2024-10-03 15:26:42

NQCH-Y-SDJCR-S-JHP Y-Axis Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying 55° Rhombic Inserts with 7° Clearance Angle for Swiss-Type Machines

An unlucky collection of scrap metal nearly derailed by career as a Model Engineer. Try as I might, I couldn’t get my mini-lathe to turn any of it satisfactorily, chief symptoms being poor finish and tools struggling to cut, Finally suspecting the metal, I coughed up for some known free-cutting Aluminium, Brass and Mild-steel, after which all was sweetness and light. Now I’m more experienced, I can machine awkward metals if I have to, but results require much more experimentation with cutting speed and all the other contributory factors. It’s not a matter of simply dialling in an RPM formula, though RPM is a good place to start! Much easier to machine metals that are machinable, rather than to waste time hacking inappropriate scrap. Appropriate scrap is fine.

Model Engineer and Model Engineers' Workshop are leading magazines for modellers, with reputations for bringing you the best tips, tricks, and inspiration from the model engineering world. From miniature steam locomotives to clocks and tools, get the most out of your hobby with Model Engineer and Model Engineer's Workshop.

VNGA (CER) Negative 35° Rhombic Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Cast Iron, Cast Iron and Heat Resistant Alloys.

HSK A63TM-ASHR/L-45-HPMC Square Shank Tool Adapters with HSK-T Exchangeable Shanks for 45° Mounting on Multi-Tasking Machines

DSTR-IC Single Tube Trepanning Drills with Inner Single Start Thread, Cartridges and Adjustable Diameter (100-306mm dia.)

NQCH-Y-SCHR-BF-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying SWISSCUT Inserts for Grooving and Turning in Y-Axis on Swiss-Type Machines

E-STLPR-HEAD Interchangeable Screw Clamped Boring Heads for Positive 11° Clearance Triangular Inserts, Mounted on Carbide Bars

PICCO R/LHD 050-N (Turning for Hard Steel) Inserts with Inner Coolant Channel for Internal Turning and Chamfering of Hard Steel - Up to 65 HRC

The great thing about a nomogram is that simply laying a ruler across the various scales and pivoting it about a chosen point on one scale clearly shows how things mutually change and interact. After trying this sort of thing on a few points you rapidly get a feel for whats going on and, possibly more important, whats important in particular case you are dealing with.

MM ET Solid Carbide Tapered Heads with 20/30° Helix, Variable Pitch and Coolant Holes for CHATTERFREE Finishing Operations

Ages ago I offered to write some articles for MEW on turning different metals with insert tooling and quantative surface roughness measurements. Maybe the idea should be resurrected.

FIN LNK-BT Extended Flute Endmills with Tangentially Clamped Inserts and BT MAS-403 Shanks for Semi-Finishing Long Shoulders

CNMX-M3/4MW Double-Sided 80° Rhombic Inserts with a High Helical Cutting Edge for High Metal Removal Rates on Stainless Steel

T490 LNK-13-INT Extended Flute Endmills with DIN69871 Tapered Shanks Carrying T490 LNMT/HT 13... Tangentially Clamped Inserts

PCLNR/L-X-JHP-MC Lever Lock Tools with Bottom Inlets for High-Pressure Coolant Channels Carrying CNMX/CNMG 80° Rhombic Inserts

QPMR 1004-HQ-M Super Positive Square Milling Inserts for Machining Aluminum, Stainless Steel and High Temperature Alloys

VCGT-F1M-20P 35° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finish and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and High-Temp. Alloys.

MTECM-ISO Solid Carbide Internal Threading Endmill Step Release, Lead x3 With Coolant Holes, Used for ISO Thread Profile.

VDI-C1/C4AK-JHPMC Axially Oriented, Short, Right-Hand, Wedge Clamping Holders with VDI DIN69880 Shanks for Square Shank Tools

ERF-A/E-3,4,6 3, 4, and 6 Flute, 30° and 38° Helix Solid Carbide Roughing Endmills with 3xD Relieved Neck for Alloy Steel

C#-PWLNR/L-X-JHP Lever Lock Tools with CAMFIX Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant, Carrying WNMX or WNMG Inserts

ONHU/ONMU 080608 AN-N-HP 16MILL Double-Sided Octagonal Face Milling Inserts for High Temperature Alloys, Stainless Steel and Steels

APKT 1003..TR-RM Inserts with Various Corner Radii and a Reinforced Cutting Edge for Interrupted Cut and Heavy Machining

PVACR/L-S-JHP Tools with Channels for High Pressure Coolant Carrying 35° Positive Rhombic Inserts for Swiss Automatic Machines

MDR ANMU PNTR Double-Sided Rectangle Inserts with 2 Center Cutting Edges for Drilling and 2 Peripheral Cutting Edges for Milling

SBTT#-16ER/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount ISO Laydown Threading Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

Bestcenter milling insert cutting tools

Y-PCHRS-17-JHP Y-Axis Screw Lock JETCUT Integral Tools for 5 Edged Inserts for Grooving, Parting, and Recessing on Swiss-Type Machines

VNGA-2 (CBN) 35° Rhombic Inserts with 2 CBN Tips for Machining Hardened Steel, Sintered Metals and High Temperature Alloys

TIPI-WT Double-Ended Internal Threading Inserts with a 55° Partial Profile and a Chipformer for 20 mm Min. Bore Diameter

HSK A-SRKIN-CX Thermal Shrink Chucks with HSK DIN69893 Form A Tapered Shank and Jet Coolant Grooves along the Shank Bore

FFT3 EFM-MM 03 Endmills with a MULTI-MASTER Threaded Adaptation Carrying Single-Sided Small Trigon Inserts for Fast Feed Milling

Drilling Eccenter Sleeves Bushings for Enlarging or Reducing DR Nominal Drilling Diameters by Shifting the Drill Off-Center

SBTH-ER DIN6499 ER Collet Chuck Holders for Height adjustable Modular Back-End Machining System for Swiss-Type Machines

CPGT-SM 80° Rhombic Inserts with an 11° Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

WNGA (CER) Negative 80° Trigon Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Cast Iron, Hardened Steel and Heat-Resistant Alloys

Zip Code 11693 EASY URL: 'ZipCode.org/11693' for Far Rockaway zip code.

VCGT-MD/PF 35° Rhombic Inserts with a Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finishing on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

C#-MAHPD Perpendicular Holders with CAMFIX Exchangeable Shanks Carrying Adapters for Parting, Grooving, Turning and Facing

PWLNR/L-X-JHP Lever Lock Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying HELITURN LD WNMX or WNMG Trigon Inserts

PENTA 34F-RS/LS Pentagonal Inserts for Face Grooving and Recessing Along Shafts up to 5 mm Depth of Cut at a Minimum of 22 mm Diameter

EC-A2 (economical-short/medium/extra long) Economical Type 2 Flute, 30° Helix Center Cutting, Short/Medium/Extra Long Length Solid Carbide Endmills

PENTA 24N-C-SL First Choice for The Parting of Bars, Hard Materials, and Tough Applications with a Negative Cutting Rake Angle

EFP-E4,5CF Solid Carbide Roughing Endmills with Chip Splitting Cutting Edges, Variable Pitch and Large Radius Front Edge

MTECZ-Whitworth Solid Carbide Threading Endmills with Coolant Holes Located in the Flutes, for Internal or External Whitworth Thread

WNGG-F3N Double-Sided Sharp Edged Positive and Polished Rake Inserts for Finishing Aluminum and Other Non-Ferrous Materials

SNGN-AN (CER) Negative Square Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Cast Iron, Hardened Steel and Heat-Resistant Alloys

H490 SM-17 Extended Flute Shell Mills Carrying H490 ANKX 17.. Double-Sided Rectangular Inserts with 4 Helical Cutting Edges

PCLCR/L-S-JHP-MC Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying 80° Positive Rhombic Inserts for Swiss Automatic Machines

Sorry SOD, your definition disagrees with that used by that used by legions of engineers. Referring to Silver Steel, Tubal Cain (page 25 of Hardening, Tempering & Heat Treatment) says ‘these steels are carbon steels with additives to improve performance’. …

DCMT-14 55° Rhombic Inserts with a Positive Flank for Semi-Finish and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

DCGW/DCMW-2 (CBN) 55° Positive Rhombic Inserts with 2 CBN Tips for Machining Hardened Steel, Sintered Metals and High Temperature Alloys

MAHR/L-JHP-MC Holders with Bottom Inlets for High-Pressure Coolant Channels Carrying MODULAR-GRIP Grooving and Turning Adapters

E-SDUCR/L-HEAD Interchangeable Screw Clamped Boring Heads Carrying 55° Rhombic Inserts with Positive 7° Clearance Mounted on Carbide

KIT MULNR Kit Contains 1 Toolholder and 3 Wedge Systems which can be used for the WNMG, CNMG and SNMG Inserts (5 of each incl.)

Face Mill Cutter

MM EFS-CF 4 Flute Solid Carbide Heads with 38° Helix and Variable Pitch for CHATTERFREE Roughing and Finishing Applications

MM ECK-CF 5,6 Flute Solid Carbide Heads with 35°/38° Helix Featuring Different Corner Radii For Machining Titanium Alloys

TCMT-SM Triangular Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

VDI-B2/B3AK-JHPMC Radially Oriented, Short, Left-Hand, Wedge Clamping Holders with VDI DIN69880 Shanks for Square Shank Tools

DCNT (M8-M24) Drill Body with Exchangeable Heads, Chamfering Inserts, Internal Coolant and One Flat Shank. Used for Pre-Tread Holes

HM90 ADCR 1505PDFR-P Peripherally Ground Insert with a Super Positive Polished Rake for Machining Aluminum and High Temperature Alloys

DCMT/DCGT-SM 55° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

Unfortunately there is no audio, and the spindle speed is not declared [so we’re guessing] but it seems to ride rough-shod over the dogma regarding Tungsten Carbide tools.

T490 ELN-CF-13 90° Endmills Carrying Tangentially Clamped Inserts with 4 Helical, 12.5 mm Long Cutting Edges with a CLICKFIT Adaptation

NQCH-SWLNR/L-S-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying Positive Double-Sided Trigon Inserts for Swiss-Type Machines

DIN69871-HYDRO (heavy duty) Short Hydraulic Chucks with DIN69871 Form ADB Shanks,for Semi-Finish and Finish Applications

Having set the rpm by formula and above, I take an experimental cut. It’s only the first step because a great deal depends on the exact material, and on the cutter, how rigid / powerful the machine is, how solid the work-holding, and whether coolant / lube is used. In practice, I rarely change the RPM, instead tuning for best finish and progress by altering the depth of cut and feed-rate for best results on my machine. If the machine has fixed speeds set to the nearest, and again tune by altering the depth of cut and feed-rate for best results.

TIPI-MT Precision Ground Double-Ended Internal Threading Inserts with 60° Partial Profile and Chipformer for 20mm Min. Bore Dia.

is the cutting speed the (m/min) the relation between the cutter and the workpiece ?would using a 10mm dia mill be the same speed as cutting a 10mm bar spinning in the lathe.

TIP-P-BSW American (BSW, BSF, BSP) Precision Ground External Double-Ended Full Profile Threading Inserts with a Chipformer

SDACR/L-S-SL-JHP Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying 55° Positive Rhombic Inserts for Swiss Automatic Machines

For example Rimming Steel and Mild Steel both have the same range of Carbon content, so one might expect their performance to be identical, and they’re not! The difference is due to when the metal is extracted from the furnace. Rimming Steel, also called Effervescent Steel, is taken whilst still gassing. Too much gas would cause blow-holes and other problems, but just the right amount of fizz in the mix improves rolling properties, highly desirable in the right circumstances, but otherwise bad. Mild-steel is ‘Killed’, that is not taken from the furnace until gassing has stopped, producing a general-purpose steel, better in every way except for rolling. This sort of difference explains why machining random scrap in a home workshop can be a confusing disappointment. All smiles if by good luck the scrap is a free-cutting mild-steel, but tears before bedtime if it’s a lump of rimming steel, or work-hardening stainless, or any of the many other alloys used by industry that don’t machine well.

For a hobby time is not money so no need to be in a tearing hurry, though going too slow can also be a problem as with pushing a wagon you want to keep up the momentum and stiction can be a problem leading to jerky movement and cause of chatter.

Specially carbide insert chamfers copper on both sides of commutator slots after undercutting. Flat sides of the insert can be used for scraping, ...

HM90 FAL-16BR Face Mills Carrying HM90 APCR 1605... Inserts with Corner Radii Equal to or Larger Than 5 mm for Machining Aluminum

DCGT-F2M 55° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

GD-DH (12-13.5) Gundrills Carrying Indexable Inserts with 2 Chip Splitting Cutting Edges and a Wiper for High Hole Surface Quality

TR45TNL MAHDN-R-XL-JHP Toolholders for TRAUB TNL16 to TNL18 / TNL32 Machines with Internal Coolant Supply for MODULAR-GRIP-XL Adapters

C#-PWLNR/L-08-JHP Lever Lock Tools with CAMFIX Exchangeable Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying Trigon Inserts

NQCH-DGTR/L-D-SH-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying DO-GRIP Double-Edged Parting Inserts for Swiss-Type Machines

Search for: Home › Forums › Beginners questions › Topics Viewing 25 topics - 1 through 25 (of 25 total) Topic Voices Posts Last Post Creworks Lathes on Amazon UK – some big price drops for Black Friday Week Started by: Lee Cooper in: Manual machine tools 8 12 24 November 2024 at 19:51 Lee Cooper Thread pitch of screws used on Stihl equipment Started by: Bill Phinn in: Workshop Tools and Tooling 1 1 24 November 2024 at 19:44 Bill Phinn What is (Traditional) Model Engineering? 1 2 Started by: Martin Kyte in: General Questions 23 43 24 November 2024 at 19:40 bernard towers Strange drilling situation Started by: gerry madden in: Workshop Techniques 14 16 24 November 2024 at 19:33 gerry madden FreeCAD version 1.0 released Started by: Russell Eberhardt in: CAD – Technical drawing & design 9 18 24 November 2024 at 19:21 Andy Stopford EN8M FLAT Started by: Dougie Swan in: Materials 3 5 24 November 2024 at 19:00 JasonB modifying Schaublin collets 1 2 Started by: Ken Weeks in: General Questions 14 26 24 November 2024 at 18:10 vic newey A blast from the past Started by: Michael Gilligan in: The Tea Room 13 18 24 November 2024 at 17:43 Nigel Graham 2 What did you do Today 2024 1 2 … 18 19 Started by: JasonB in: The Tea Room 68 475 24 November 2024 at 17:02 Dalboy Traction Engine Identification Help Please…. Started by: Bill Morgan in: Traction engines 8 11 24 November 2024 at 16:07 Dave Halford Subscription via pocketmags Started by: chris hammerton in: Subscription issues and Digital magazines 2 2 24 November 2024 at 15:56 Michael Callaghan Choosing a suitable fine point capacitive phone stylus Started by: Greensands in: The Tea Room 5 6 24 November 2024 at 12:50 Weary Co-ordinate positioning for circle of holes (not all equally spaced) Started by: Zebethyal in: Help and Assistance! (Offered or Wanted) 7 17 24 November 2024 at 12:49 John Haine Bronze Started by: Garry Coles in: Materials 6 6 24 November 2024 at 12:25 Mick Bailey Westbury Cam Turning Jig Started by: Clive Brown 1 in: I/C Engines 5 7 24 November 2024 at 10:56 Graham Meek ML10 questions Started by: 1957jmh in: Beginners questions 15 25 24 November 2024 at 10:34 Howard Lewis chenery 9 cylinder gnome Started by: charlie9cyl in: I/C Engines 7 10 24 November 2024 at 10:02 noel shelley Measurement history Started by: JohnF in: The Tea Room 6 12 24 November 2024 at 09:39 JohnF maid of kent valva gear Started by: wireman in: Introduce Yourself – New members start here! 2 2 23 November 2024 at 22:13 Nigel Graham 2 Colchester/Harrison VS Lathe Started by: Brad White in: Workshop Tools and Tooling 1 1 23 November 2024 at 17:27 Brad White A couple of ‘soon to be available in the UK’ lathes that look interesting 1 2 Started by: Lee Cooper in: Manual machine tools 11 32 23 November 2024 at 16:50 Michael Gilligan Twin mill engine progress Started by: AStroud in: Work In Progress and completed items 3 4 23 November 2024 at 16:19 AStroud BLACKMAIL Started by: Howard Lewis in: The Tea Room 11 18 23 November 2024 at 15:36 Michael Gilligan 775 Motor based Dynamo ? Started by: JasonB in: Miscellaneous models 5 9 23 November 2024 at 14:58 duncan webster 1 Lathe vibration in workshop 1 2 Started by: Mark Salzedo 1 in: General Questions 19 37 23 November 2024 at 14:32 Howard Lewis Viewing 25 topics - 1 through 25 (of 25 total)

Edit:and to add to the mystery, they state ‘Tungsten Carbide’ … but might they actually be ‘Carbide Steel’ [whatever that is] ?

GHSR/L-JHP-SL Grooving and Turning Side Lock Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant on Swiss-Type and Automatic Machines

MTECK-UN Solid Carbide Internal Threading Endmill Step Release, Lead x2 With Coolant Hole, Used for UN Thread Profiles.

TGFHR/L Single- and Double-Ended Parting and Grooving Reinforced Blades Carrying TANG-GRIP Tangentially Clamped Inserts

C#-SLANR/L-TANG Tools with CAMFIX Shanks Carrying the LNMX-HT Tangentially Screw Clamped Inserts for High Production Cutting

GTIN ER-ISO (tapping) ER Collet Tapping Attachments, Tension and Compression ISO Type for CNC Milling and Turret Lathe Machines

316 SS - Milling · 150 - 250 SFM. 0.0018 - 0.0024 ; 316 SS - HSS Drills · 25 - 50 SFM. 0.007 - 0.008 ; 316 SS - Carbide Drills · 120 - 180 SFM. 0.009 - 0.011 ; 316 SS ...

HSK A63WH-SVJCR/L Tools with HSK Exchangeable Tapered Shanks Carrying Positive 35° Inserts for Mounting at 15° on Turn-Mill Machines

FF EWX-MM Fast Feed Endmills with MULTI-MASTER Threaded Connection That Mount Double-Sided Inserts with 6 Cutting Edges

CCGW MT (PCD) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with a Single PCD Mini Tip Flat Rake Angle for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

HSK A63WH-MAHUR/L Holders with HSK-T Shanks for 10° Mounting on Mill-Turn Machines for Parting, Grooving, Turning and Facing Adapters

TCGW L (PCD) Positive 60° Triangular Inserts with Full-Edge PCD Tip (Right or Left Hand) for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

SoD: So is there a plain carbon steel readily available, with a high enough carbon content, for making cutting tools that are hardened and tempered in a similar fashion to silver steel and gauge plate?

HSK A-HYDRO (long) Long Projection Hydraulic Chucks with HSK DIN69893 Form A Tapered Shanks,for Semi-Finish and Finish Applications

Edit:and to add to the mystery, they state ‘Tungsten Carbide’ … but might they actually be ‘Carbide Steel’ [whatever that is] ?

HSM90SFD-HSK A63/80-22 90° Endmills with Integral HSK Adaptation Carrying Super Positive Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotation Speeds

CROWN (ECD) Crown Clamping Mechanism with a Single Screw for Fast Clamping and Indexing. Features Two Effective Coolant Holes

FFQ4 D-M-06 Fast Feed Endmills with FLEXFIT Threaded Adaptation Carrying Single-Sided Square Inserts with 4 Cutting Edges

RNGN (CER) Negative Round Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Cast Iron, Hardened Steel, and Heat-Resistant Alloys

By that definition, Silver Steel is not a Carbon Steel, because it contains Chromium. Ditto Drill Steel and Gauge Plate.

ER-SEAL-AA-METRIC DIN 6499/ ISO 15488-B ER Sealed Single Diameter Collet with Super Finish Surface and Special Anti-Corrosion Protection

C#-PCLNR/L-X-JHP Lever Lock Tools with CAMFIX Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying CNMX or CNMG Inserts

The dogma regarding tungsten carbide tooling refers mainly to inserts for the lathe I think. These are a different kettle of fish to the tool in the video as the cutting edge is generally not sharp; except for those inserts that are ground and polished for non-ferrous metals, before someone points it out. The insert shape is also carefully designed to roll and break chips. Inserts tend to work best with specified DOC, feedrate and cutting speed, most of which are applicable to industrial machines. Hence the disparaging comments in the modelling world. But the reality is more complicated. How an insert behaves depends upon the quality of the insert and is also strongly dependent upon the material as well as cutting parameters. Some materials will cut nicely over a wide range of parameters and with small DOC. Others need to be run at specific (high) speeds and DOC to get an acceptable finish.

ECP-H5L-CFR 5 Flute Solid Carbide Endmills with Different Helix, Variable Pitch and Chip Splitting Cutting Edges for Roughing

H490 ANKX 1706-FF Single-Sided Rectangular Inserts with 2 Helical Cutting Edges for Fast Feed Milling at Small Depths of Cut

VCMT-SM 35° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

EC-A3/E3 (economical-short/medium) Economical Type 3 Flute, 30° and 38° Helix, Center Cutting, Short/Mediun Length Solid Carbide Endmills

TCGW L (CBN) Positive 60° Triangular Inserts with Full-Edge CBN Tip (Right or Left Hand) for Hardened Steel and Cast Iron

CNGA (CBN) Negative 80° Rhombic Inserts with Negative Relief Angles and Single CBN Tip for Finishing Hardened Steel and Cast Iron

SBTT#-SVUCR/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 7° Clearance 35° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

FDN-CALN15 Full Slot Adjustable Slotting Cutters with Cartridges Carrying LN.. 1506... Inserts (18.9-25.6 mm width range)

CPGW R/L-L (PCD) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with Full-Edge PCD Tip (Right or Left Hand) for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

PICCO R 050-N (Turning with CBN) CBN Tipped Inserts with Inner Coolant Channel for Internal Turning, Profiling and Chamfering of Hard Steel

Next table indicates the properties of plain Carbon Steels: note they don’t contain any elements other that Iron, Carbon, Silicon, Manganese, Phosphorous and Sulphur.

HM90 EAL-M-16-JHP 90° Endmills with a FLEXFIT Threaded Adaptation Carrying HM90 APCR 1605... Inserts for Machining Aluminum

TAG N-UT Single-Sided Inserts for Parting, Grooving & Slitting at Low Feeds on Cr-Ni Alloys, Ductile Materials & Low Carbon Steel

MTECK-ISO Solid Carbide Internal Threading Endmill Step Release, Lead x2 With Coolant Hole, Used for ISO Thread Profile.

SDJCR/L-13-SL Screw Lock Tools Carrying 55° Diamond Inserts with 7° Clearance Angle for High Rigidity in Profiling Applications

Carbon Steel – this being the more traditional type of tool HSS – as in High Speed Steel, Carbide – which I guess refers to Tungtan Carbide

MTECZ-NPT Solid Carbide Threading Endmills with Coolant Holes Located in the Flutes, for Internal or External NPT Thread Profile

SQ#-#-D65-ECD Intermediate Holders for TANG-F-GRIP (TGAQ-ECD) Square D65 Adapters Designed for Modular Tooling Systems

TGV R/L Double Sided Tangential Insert with Lead Angle Cutting Edge to minimize Burr size, Intended for Parting Small Parts

SDN-XN06 Full Slot Disk Type Slotting Cutters Carrying XNMU 0603 Square Inserts with 4 Right- and 4 Left-Hand Cutting Edges

SBTT#-SVJCR/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 7° Clearance 35° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

RC90MT-SM Single-Sided Round Inserts for Semi-Roughing and Roughing Applications (CHAMELEON Multifunction Pocket System)

CNGA (PCD) Negative 80° Rhombic Inserts with Negative Relief Angle and Single PCD Tip for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

D6NMG-M3M Double-Sided Triangular Inserts with 55° Corner Angle and a Positive Rake Angle, for Semi-Finishing and Finishing ISO-M

The optimum cutting rate for a particular alloy depends on it’s internal structure, and massive amounts of information about that are available if need be. But, bearing in mind the limitations of my hobby equipment, I’ve not found it necessary to do more than apply the rule of thumb approach described above. The answer it produces is mostly ‘good enough’, and if it’s not, tweaking DOC and Feed-rate generally fix it. Occasionally, I fail to get a good finish from carbide, usually fixed by switching to HSS and slowing down, but some alloys are pigs!

HSK A-EM (DIN 1835 Form E) DIN6359 Side Clamp Holders for DIN 1835 Form E Whistle Notch Shanks with HSK DIN69893 Form A Tapered Shanks

C#-PDJNR/L-JHP Lever Lock Tools with CAMFIX Exchangeable Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying Negative 55° Insert

H490 ANKX 0904-FF Double-Sided Rectangular Inserts with 4 Helical Cutting Edges for Fast Feed Milling at Small Depths of Cut

SBTT#-SVQCR/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 7° Clearance 35° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

EC-E3/E7-CE (CER) 3 and 7 Flute Solid Ceramic Endmills with Relieved Necks for Machining Nickel Based Alloys,Cast Iron and Graphite

DFN A-5D-BD Exchangeable Head Drills with a Reinforced Body and a Flat Shank, Diameter Ratio 5xD, for Construction Beam Industry

HSK A-SRK-CX Thermal Shrink Chucks with HSK DIN69893 Form A Tapered Shank and Jet Coolant Grooves for Solid Carbide Tools Only

CCGT-F1M-20P 80° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finish and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and High-Temp. Alloys.

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EC-A4(economical-medium & extra long) Economical Type 4 Flute, 30° Helix, Center Cutting, Medium & Extra Long Solid Carbide Endmills

PICCO-MF Multifunction Solid Carbide Tools for Drilling, Facing, Internal and External Turning on Swiss and Small CNC Machines

DCMT (PCD) 55° Rhombic Inserts with a PCD Single Top Corner Tip, 7° Clearance and Positive Rake Angle for Finishing Applications

Apr 19, 2024 — Table of Content ... Choosing between CNC machining and die-casting aluminum depends heavily on your project's requirements. CNC machining offers ...

MTECM-UN Solid Carbide Internal Threading Endmill Step Release, Lead x3 With Coolant Hole, Used for UN Thread Profiles.

SET ER-SEAL-AA-JET DIN 6499/ ISO 15488-B ER Sealed Single Diameter Collet with Special Anti-Corrosion Protection Featuring 4 Cooling Jets

is the cutting speed the (m/min) the relation between the cutter and the workpiece ?would using a 10mm dia mill be the same speed as cutting a 10mm bar spinning in the lathe.

CCGW W-MT (PCD) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with a Single PCD Wiper, Mini Tip and Flat Rake Angle for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

TTG-16E-ISO External ISO Metric (DIN13 12-1986 class: 6G) Threading Inserts with 10 Threading Corners for General Industry

HSM90S FAL-14 90° Face Mills Carrying Super Positive and Polished Rake Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotation Speeds

TIP-P-BSPT Precision Ground BSPT (British Standard Pipe) External Double-Ended Full Profile Threading Inserts with a Chipformer

DCNS-5D Drill Body with Exchangeable Heads, without Flange, One Flat Shank, Drilling Depth 5xD, Suitable for Chamfering Holders

SBTT-SVVCN-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 7° Clearance 35° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

HSK A63WH-MUMNN-MW MULTI-WEDGE Tools with HSK Exchangeable Shanks Carrying 80° Negative Rhombic or Trigon or Square Inserts

When it comes to multi-variate queries like Justins it’s annoying that the art of making nomograms seems to have been largely lost.

CCGT-AS 80° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank, Very Positive Rake Angle and Sharp Cutting Edge for Machining Aluminum

DGN-UT/UA Double-Sided Inserts for Parting and Grooving Cr-Ni Alloys, Low Carbon Steel and Ductile Materials at Low Feeds

D6NMG-M3P Double-Sided Triangular Inserts with 55° Corner Angle and a Positive Rake Angle, for Semi-Finishing and Finishing ISO-P

DCM-3.5D (7.5-20.9 mm) Drill Body with Exchangeable Heads, Internal Coolant, Flat Shank, No Flange, Drilling Depth 3.5xD, for Chamfering Holder

PENTA 24N-J-SL Five Cutting Edges for Parting and Grooving with Positive Rake Angle Clamped Onto Standard PENTACUT Holders.

C#-PCLNR/L-12-JHP Lever Lock Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant and CAMFIX Shanks Carrying 80° Negative Rhombic Inserts

VDI-DTF50E-L60R QUICK-CHANGE Holder with a Dovetail Connection for External Turning Aluminum Wheels with CUT-GRIP Heads

HSK A-TM-ASHR/L-1-HPMC Square Shank Tool Adapters with HSK Exchangeable Shanks for Multi-Tasking Machines with High-Pressure Coolant Channels

DCN-N-8D-BD Exchangeable Head Drills with a Reinforced Body and a WN Shank, Diameter Ratio 8xD, for Construction Beam Industry.

SER/L-TT-JHP-MC External Threading Tools with Bottom Inlet Coolant Channels, Carrying Inserts with 10 Threading Corners

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… in the ’30s, it became apparent that the industry’s technical terminology had become chaotic. The Institute came to grips with the problem, and out of its efforts came the AISI steel products manuals. They provided makers and users of steel with generally recognized definitions, descriptions and practices pertaining to the manufacture, chemistry, metallurgy and adaptability of steel products.

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Avoid Carbon Steel on any machine tool made after about 1900. Although hard and easy to sharpen, it softens at remarkably low temperatures, about 200°C, and goes blunt in a blink when overheated. OK for cheap tools, especially DIY woodwork, but even for woodwork HSS tools are a better bet.

Well, what I mean by Carbon Steel is sometimes called ‘Plain Carbon Steel’. They are allowed to contain Iron, Carbon, Silicon, Manganese, Phosphorous and Sulphur. Adding anything else, notably Vanadium, Chromium, Tungsten, Molybdenum, & Nickel means we are no longer dealing with a Carbon Steel, because these elements are added for a specific alloying effect. To add to the confusion, some of these alloys are called ‘Carbon Tool Steels’.

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The way I read the quoted specification is that most elements (apart from iron and carbon) have no minimum requirement specified or required. That doesn’t mean the those elements must not be present. A maximum percentage is specfied for manganese, silicon and copper. Both silver steel and gauge plate do not list silicon and copper as present and the manganese percentage is well below the maximum figure listed. So in my book and, I think, the AISI they are carbon steels.

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HSS is not only tougher than Carbon Steel, but – most important – it resists softening up to about 500°C, making it much better suited to cutting metal without having to stop and resharpen frequently. When HSS was first introduced, the old boys weren’t keen to adopt such new-fangled rubbish, not least because HSS couldn’t perform on well on spindly Victorian lathes lacking in power and rigidity. They claimed Carbon Steel can be ground sharper than HSS, which might be true, but that didn’t stop a suitably heavy machine fitted with HSS being 5 or 6 times more productive than carbon-steel cutters.

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and if you had a machine with belts and pulleys where exaxt speed an not be set – do you go to next one up, next one down, or just the closest.

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Carbide was the next advance. It has a similar 5 to 6x advantage over HSS, basically because it can take a lot more heat without softening.

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Cutting speeds for various metals/tools can be found in books and on the web, play safe and start with the slower option if using a belt or geared machine and see how it goes. Other factors will come into it such as depth of cut and feed rate eg with a deep cut you may find you get a better finish runnng on the slow side but light cuts will allow a bit above.

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Victorian tool-steels were all Carbon Steels, the best available at the time because HSS, stainless and other alloy steels weren’t perfected until the 20th Century. Carbon tool-steels are still useful, but avoid for cutting metal. Their chief virtue is cheapness.

It should be remembered that quite a few things influence cutting speed such as time to do the job and lathe vibration. Really it is what you are happy with. This comes with experience and if you don’t like what is happening, first lower the cutting speed. There are some materials out there that no one will quote a cutting speed. The speed is found by doing trials.

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Silver steel and gauge plate are high carbon steels and are described as such by commercial steel stockists. Silver steel in particular is stated to be a carbon steel.

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On a hobby machine, HSS keeps it simple. Many of the older classic machines don’t have enough RPM to get the best out of carbide, and even though most far eastern machines are faster, they too are on the slow side for carbide.

I very rarely work out turning or milling speeds. There are far more difficult things to consider such as how are you going to hold the work.

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Strictly according to theory the optimum speed is when the cut is progressing at the speed of sound in that material. This is what some of the tables and formulas are aiming at, and some are just folk law from years of trying things out. Going too fast can also create so much heat that the sharp tool loses temper and fails which is probably one of the commonest problems for amateurs.

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Home › Forums › Beginners questions › Cutting Speeds This topic has 28 replies, 13 voices, and was last updated 13 June 2024 at 11:14 by Anonymous. Viewing 25 posts - 1 through 25 (of 29 total) 1 2 → Author Posts 10 June 2024 at 14:36 #735239 Justin ThymeParticipant @justinthyme24678 Some very basic questions here. is the cutting speed the (m/min) the relation between the cutter and the workpiece ?would using a 10mm dia mill be the same speed as cutting a 10mm bar spinning in the lathe. I am thinking 3 types of tools here. Carbon Steel – this being the more traditional type of tool HSS – as in High Speed Steel, Carbide – which I guess refers to Tungtan Carbide I seem to find different recommendations for m/min – but how do you find the following speeds for cutting mild Steel Carbon Steel 20 m/min HSS 35 m/min Carbide 80m/min and for making the calculations, lets say 12mm HSS Mill cutting Mild Steel with a touch of Cutting Fluid RPM = (35 x 1000) / ( 12 *pi) = 928 RPM and if you had a machine with belts and pulleys where exaxt speed an not be set – do you go to next one up, next one down, or just the closest. Advert 10 June 2024 at 14:43 #735242 JasonBModerator @jasonb I just uploaded the first part of my article that appears in MEW340 to the site here which may help. Cutting speeds for various metals/tools can be found in books and on the web, play safe and start with the slower option if using a belt or geared machine and see how it goes. Other factors will come into it such as depth of cut and feed rate eg with a deep cut you may find you get a better finish runnng on the slow side but light cuts will allow a bit above. 10 June 2024 at 15:35 #735246 BazyleParticipant @bazyle For a hobby time is not money so no need to be in a tearing hurry, though going too slow can also be a problem as with pushing a wagon you want to keep up the momentum and stiction can be a problem leading to jerky movement and cause of chatter. Strictly according to theory the optimum speed is when the cut is progressing at the speed of sound in that material. This is what some of the tables and formulas are aiming at, and some are just folk law from years of trying things out. Going too fast can also create so much heat that the sharp tool loses temper and fails which is probably one of the commonest problems for amateurs. 10 June 2024 at 16:12 #735257 SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer Avoid Carbon Steel on any machine tool made after about 1900. Although hard and easy to sharpen, it softens at remarkably low temperatures, about 200°C, and goes blunt in a blink when overheated. OK for cheap tools, especially DIY woodwork, but even for woodwork HSS tools are a better bet. HSS is not only tougher than Carbon Steel, but – most important – it resists softening up to about 500°C, making it much better suited to cutting metal without having to stop and resharpen frequently. When HSS was first introduced, the old boys weren’t keen to adopt such new-fangled rubbish, not least because HSS couldn’t perform on well on spindly Victorian lathes lacking in power and rigidity. They claimed Carbon Steel can be ground sharper than HSS, which might be true, but that didn’t stop a suitably heavy machine fitted with HSS being 5 or 6 times more productive than carbon-steel cutters. Carbide was the next advance. It has a similar 5 to 6x advantage over HSS, basically because it can take a lot more heat without softening. So cutting speed depends on the material and on what the cutter is made of. In a production setting, speed and efficiency very much favour carbide, run at high-speed, on a rigid powerful machine, and taking deep cuts with a high feed-rate. Carbide isn’t suitable for everything though, so HSS remains popular. HSS does a good job, but the cutting speed has to be reduced compared with carbide. Likewise, using Carbon Steel rather than HSS means cutting speed has to be drastically reduced again. A Carbon Steel cutter run at HSS speeds soon fails. On a hobby machine, HSS keeps it simple. Many of the older classic machines don’t have enough RPM to get the best out of carbide, and even though most far eastern machines are faster, they too are on the slow side for carbide. Duffer method, which gets me in the right ball-park, is roughly thus. A good approximation for cutting mild-steel with HSS is rpm = 10000 / diameter of job (or drill) in millimetres. This speed is also suitable for Bronze, Soft Cast Iron, and Copper. Aluminium Alloys cut 3x faster than mild-steel Brass and Free-cutting steel cut 2x faster than mild-steel Stainless, Cast and Silver steel cut ½ as fast as mild-steel Hard Cast Iron cut ⅓ as fast as mild-steel. Having set the rpm by formula and above, I take an experimental cut. It’s only the first step because a great deal depends on the exact material, and on the cutter, how rigid / powerful the machine is, how solid the work-holding, and whether coolant / lube is used. In practice, I rarely change the RPM, instead tuning for best finish and progress by altering the depth of cut and feed-rate for best results on my machine. If the machine has fixed speeds set to the nearest, and again tune by altering the depth of cut and feed-rate for best results. I mostly use carbide, in which case I do the sum above as if for HSS, then multiply the RPM by 2 or 3. The cutting advice in books and on the web is aimed at production engineers who must maximise efficiency. Production speeds are usually too fast and brutal for hobby and jobbing workshops. The optimum cutting rate for a particular alloy depends on it’s internal structure, and massive amounts of information about that are available if need be. But, bearing in mind the limitations of my hobby equipment, I’ve not found it necessary to do more than apply the rule of thumb approach described above. The answer it produces is mostly ‘good enough’, and if it’s not, tweaking DOC and Feed-rate generally fix it. Occasionally, I fail to get a good finish from carbide, usually fixed by switching to HSS and slowing down, but some alloys are pigs! Dave 10 June 2024 at 16:14 #735258 Clive FosterParticipant @clivefoster55965 When it comes to multi-variate queries like Justins it’s annoying that the art of making nomograms seems to have been largely lost. The great thing about a nomogram is that simply laying a ruler across the various scales and pivoting it about a chosen point on one scale clearly shows how things mutually change and interact. After trying this sort of thing on a few points you rapidly get a feel for whats going on and, possibly more important, whats important in particular case you are dealing with. General advice and following rules of thumb just doesn’t easily generate this overview. Which can be limiting when it comes to how you work. Especially should you need to go “off-piste”. Personal example here. I use one of the once common cardboard milling cutter speed-n-feed slide rules for my basic milling machine set-ups. Then tweak from experience. Which works adequately ‘cos I’ve been playing about with such things for “not admitting how many years” and run a Bridgeport which is large enough and heavy enough that I don’t have to worry about working around machine limitations in the manner that folk with more typical ME equipment do. The proper way to do things is to work things out from tooth load. Which I just don’t do, despite being easily capable of running the calculations in my head, because I’ve never bothered to learn how to visualise how tooth load actually fits int other great scheme of things. If I’d had a nomogram I’d have started out with tooth load and, probably, after the tenth cutter or so my visualisation would have been solid and I’d have been calculating things in my head pretty much automatically. Mr Osborns slide rule would have been a curiosity and the nomogram an almost never looked at wall poster in the same way as my lathe data. But I found a nomogram for later work very early on. It would seem trivial to generate a nomogram from a spreadsheet file but I’ve never found a suitable computer program. Clive 10 June 2024 at 18:27 #735292 JAParticipant @ja It should be remembered that quite a few things influence cutting speed such as time to do the job and lathe vibration. Really it is what you are happy with. This comes with experience and if you don’t like what is happening, first lower the cutting speed. There are some materials out there that no one will quote a cutting speed. The speed is found by doing trials. I very rarely work out turning or milling speeds. There are far more difficult things to consider such as how are you going to hold the work. JA 10 June 2024 at 19:00 #735294 JasonBModerator @jasonb On 10 June 2024 at 16:12 SillyOldDuffer Said: Avoid Carbon Steel on any machine tool made after about 1900. Although hard and easy to sharpen, it softens at remarkably low temperatures, about 200°C, and goes blunt in a blink when overheated. OK for cheap tools, especially DIY woodwork, but even for woodwork HSS tools are a better bet. I would not say avoid carbon steel. If you want to make a form tool, “D” bit, etc then you don’t really have much choice as HSS and carbide will be a lot more difficult to shape. 10 June 2024 at 20:12 #735296 Anonymous On 10 June 2024 at 16:12 SillyOldDuffer Said: Avoid Carbon Steel on any machine tool made after about 1900. Clang; that’s my jaw hitting the floor! Here are some cutting tools made from gauge plate and silver steel, aka carbon steel, and running on 20th century industrial machine tools. Here’s a home made cutter, mostly using a hacksaw and files, cutting slots in steel: A cutter made from gauge plate for cutting splines (actually the spaces) on a SG cast iron crankshaft: And a hob made from silver steel free hobbing a cast iron worm wheel: I use carbon steel, HSS and carbide as appropriate. In general cutting speeds are not that critical. A caveat is that carbide inserts are more sensitive to cutting speeds and feedrates, especially with the more esoteric materials. Depth of cut and feedrate are as important, if not more so, that cutting speed. If the cutting tool is fed too slowly, so it rubs rather than cuts, then it doesn’t really matter what the speed is. The result will be the same; a fudged cutting tool. As mentioned above the type of machine also plays an important part. Bigger, industrial, machines tend to be more rigid and can take heavier cuts, but experimentation is still needed. Andrew 10 June 2024 at 20:47 #735298 SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer On 10 June 2024 at 20:12 Andrew Johnston Said: On 10 June 2024 at 16:12 SillyOldDuffer Said: Avoid Carbon Steel on any machine tool made after about 1900. Clang; that’s my jaw hitting the floor! Here are some cutting tools made from gauge plate and silver steel, aka carbon steel, … Hurrah, after all these years I’ve finally caught Andrew out! I’m not guilty because Gauge Plate and Silver Steel aren’t Carbon Steels! By Carbon Steel I mean the medium and high carbon steels used since the dawn of time to make chisels, knives, axes, springs, and files etc. In contrast Gauge Plate and Silver Steel are both modern alloys, the result of much metallurgical and scientific research in the last century. From Wikipedia, The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states: no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect; the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40%; or the specified maximum for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages noted: manganese 1.65%; silicon 0.60%; copper 0.60%. O1 Gauge Plate emphatically fails the AISI definition: it’s an Alloy Steel, containing specific proportions of Silicon, Manganese, Chromium, Tungsten, and Vanadium. Silver Steel is of similar composition, except no Vanadium, and perhaps some Sulphur and Phosphorous. Neither is a Carbon Steel. Victorian tool-steels were all Carbon Steels, the best available at the time because HSS, stainless and other alloy steels weren’t perfected until the 20th Century. Carbon tool-steels are still useful, but avoid for cutting metal. Their chief virtue is cheapness. Dave 10 June 2024 at 21:43 #735302 Anonymous Silver steel and gauge plate are high carbon steels and are described as such by commercial steel stockists. Silver steel in particular is stated to be a carbon steel. The way I read the quoted specification is that most elements (apart from iron and carbon) have no minimum requirement specified or required. That doesn’t mean the those elements must not be present. A maximum percentage is specfied for manganese, silicon and copper. Both silver steel and gauge plate do not list silicon and copper as present and the manganese percentage is well below the maximum figure listed. So in my book and, I think, the AISI they are carbon steels. I suspect that an alloy of only iron and carbon is unobtainable so it’s a moot point as to whether it should be avoided. Thwack; ball is now in SoD’s court! Andrew From the same Wikipedia page: Carbon steel is often divided into two main categories: low-carbon steel and high-carbon steel. It may also contain other elements, such as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, which can affect its properties. 11 June 2024 at 01:22 #735311 HopperParticipant @hopper On 10 June 2024 at 14:36 Justin Thyme Said: Some very basic questions here. is the cutting speed the (m/min) the relation between the cutter and the workpiece ?would using a 10mm dia mill be the same speed as cutting a 10mm bar spinning in the lathe. Yes and yes. And re belt changes, yes go for the closest. Going a bit slower will reduce chatter and increase tool life. Going a bit faster may exacerbate these problems. With carbide insert tooling, you can go twice as fast as with HSS. If chips are coming off blue but not sparking, you are doing well. But running that hot with with HSS will reduce tool cutting edge life. Sometimes, if you just cannot get the tool to cut right, going one speed slower, or even faster, can cure the problem. A matter of harmonics on your particular machine – and the alignment of the planets. 11 June 2024 at 08:49 #735334 Michael GilliganParticipant @michaelgilligan61133 I’m in a disruptive mood this morning … so please have a look at the video linked from this page: https://www.eternaltools.com/carbide-gravers It’s only a couple of minutes Unfortunately there is no audio, and the spindle speed is not declared [so we’re guessing] but it seems to ride rough-shod over the dogma regarding Tungsten Carbide tools. Andrew can probably explain it nicely in terms of chip-load or somesuch. MichaelG. . Edit:and to add to the mystery, they state ‘Tungsten Carbide’ … but might they actually be ‘Carbide Steel’ [whatever that is] ? Ref. https://contenti.com/engraving-tools/gravers-n-handles/carbide-steel-gravers 11 June 2024 at 11:21 #735354 SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer On 10 June 2024 at 21:43 Andrew Johnston Said: Silver steel and gauge plate are high carbon steels and are described as such by commercial steel stockists. Silver steel in particular is stated to be a carbon steel. The way I read the quoted specification is that most elements (apart from iron and carbon) have no minimum requirement specified or required. That doesn’t mean the those elements must not be present. A maximum percentage is specfied for manganese, silicon and copper. Both silver steel and gauge plate do not list silicon and copper as present and the manganese percentage is well below the maximum figure listed. So in my book and, I think, the AISI they are carbon steels. I suspect that an alloy of only iron and carbon is unobtainable so it’s a moot point as to whether it should be avoided. Thwack; ball is now in SoD’s court! Andrew From the same Wikipedia page: Carbon steel is often divided into two main categories: low-carbon steel and high-carbon steel. It may also contain other elements, such as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, which can affect its properties. Well, what I mean by Carbon Steel is sometimes called ‘Plain Carbon Steel’. They are allowed to contain Iron, Carbon, Silicon, Manganese, Phosphorous and Sulphur. Adding anything else, notably Vanadium, Chromium, Tungsten, Molybdenum, & Nickel means we are no longer dealing with a Carbon Steel, because these elements are added for a specific alloying effect. To add to the confusion, some of these alloys are called ‘Carbon Tool Steels’. By my definition EN8 is a Carbon Steel, but EN24 definitely isn’t because the latter is alloyed. Silver Steel is an alloy, not a plain carbon steel, because it contains Chromium. And the Chromium was specifically added with malice aforethought by a metallurgist in order to achieve a desirable property not available from a plain Carbon Steel. Next table indicates the properties of plain Carbon Steels: note they don’t contain any elements other that Iron, Carbon, Silicon, Manganese, Phosphorous and Sulphur. These pages may be of further interest, in that they highlight Carbon Steels of the same mix can have different properties. For example Rimming Steel and Mild Steel both have the same range of Carbon content, so one might expect their performance to be identical, and they’re not! The difference is due to when the metal is extracted from the furnace. Rimming Steel, also called Effervescent Steel, is taken whilst still gassing. Too much gas would cause blow-holes and other problems, but just the right amount of fizz in the mix improves rolling properties, highly desirable in the right circumstances, but otherwise bad. Mild-steel is ‘Killed’, that is not taken from the furnace until gassing has stopped, producing a general-purpose steel, better in every way except for rolling. This sort of difference explains why machining random scrap in a home workshop can be a confusing disappointment. All smiles if by good luck the scrap is a free-cutting mild-steel, but tears before bedtime if it’s a lump of rimming steel, or work-hardening stainless, or any of the many other alloys used by industry that don’t machine well. An unlucky collection of scrap metal nearly derailed by career as a Model Engineer. Try as I might, I couldn’t get my mini-lathe to turn any of it satisfactorily, chief symptoms being poor finish and tools struggling to cut, Finally suspecting the metal, I coughed up for some known free-cutting Aluminium, Brass and Mild-steel, after which all was sweetness and light. Now I’m more experienced, I can machine awkward metals if I have to, but results require much more experimentation with cutting speed and all the other contributory factors. It’s not a matter of simply dialling in an RPM formula, though RPM is a good place to start! Much easier to machine metals that are machinable, rather than to waste time hacking inappropriate scrap. Appropriate scrap is fine. Dave 11 June 2024 at 16:10 #735452 Antonny MayerParticipant @antonnymayer47546 On 11 June 2024 at 08:49 Michael Gilligan Said: I’m in a disruptive mood this morning … so please have a look at the video linked from this page: https://www.eternaltools.com/carbide-gravers here It’s only a couple of minutes Unfortunately there is no audio, and the spindle speed is not declared [so we’re guessing] but it seems to ride rough-shod over the dogma regarding Tungsten Carbide tools. Andrew can probably explain it nicely in terms of chip-load or somesuch. MichaelG. . Edit:and to add to the mystery, they state ‘Tungsten Carbide’ … but might they actually be ‘Carbide Steel’ [whatever that is] ? Ref. https://contenti.com/engraving-tools/gravers-n-handles/carbide-steel-gravers Interesting video! Really strange that there is no information on spindle speed. I wonder what is actually used – tungsten carbide or carbide steel? 11 June 2024 at 21:23 #735502 Anonymous SoD: So is there a plain carbon steel readily available, with a high enough carbon content, for making cutting tools that are hardened and tempered in a similar fashion to silver steel and gauge plate? Andrew 11 June 2024 at 22:23 #735506 duncan webster 1Participant @duncanwebster1 Sorry SOD, your definition disagrees with that used by that used by legions of engineers. Referring to Silver Steel, Tubal Cain (page 25 of Hardening, Tempering & Heat Treatment) says ‘these steels are carbon steels with additives to improve performance’. Tubal Cain real name was Tom Walshaw, here’s a link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Walshaw He clearly knew what he was about. https://www.westyorkssteel.com/tool-steel/silver-steel-bar/ describe silver steel as precision ground carbon steel. Don’t expect absolute logic in engineering, it’s been going on for too long. 11 June 2024 at 22:31 #735519 Michael GilliganParticipant @michaelgilligan61133 There is a useful catalogue/catalog from Starrett available via this page: https://watchmaking.weebly.com/toolmaking.html Given the way that Starrett seems to be dumbing-down its product range, I suggest it’s worth grabbing. MichaelG. 12 June 2024 at 11:19 #735561 Anonymous On 11 June 2024 at 08:49 Michael Gilligan Said: Edit:and to add to the mystery, they state ‘Tungsten Carbide’ … but might they actually be ‘Carbide Steel’ [whatever that is] ? Ref. https://contenti.com/engraving-tools/gravers-n-handles/carbide-steel-gravers Although the metal is being sheared the process shown is more akin to skiving. The shape of the tool is less important, provided that a sharp edge with zero rake is present. I am pretty sure the tool material is tungsten carbide; the point of the video is that being harder the tungsten carbide will last longer. The dogma regarding tungsten carbide tooling refers mainly to inserts for the lathe I think. These are a different kettle of fish to the tool in the video as the cutting edge is generally not sharp; except for those inserts that are ground and polished for non-ferrous metals, before someone points it out. The insert shape is also carefully designed to roll and break chips. Inserts tend to work best with specified DOC, feedrate and cutting speed, most of which are applicable to industrial machines. Hence the disparaging comments in the modelling world. But the reality is more complicated. How an insert behaves depends upon the quality of the insert and is also strongly dependent upon the material as well as cutting parameters. Some materials will cut nicely over a wide range of parameters and with small DOC. Others need to be run at specific (high) speeds and DOC to get an acceptable finish. Ages ago I offered to write some articles for MEW on turning different metals with insert tooling and quantative surface roughness measurements. Maybe the idea should be resurrected. Andrew 12 June 2024 at 12:01 #735565 Michael GilliganParticipant @michaelgilligan61133 It would certainly interest me, Andrew Thanks for your observations. MichaelG. 12 June 2024 at 12:12 #735566 JAParticipant @ja Ages ago I offered to write some articles for MEW on turning different metals with insert tooling and quantative surface roughness measurements. Maybe the idea should be resurrected. Andrew Andrew Yes please. Although I do not use Tungsten Carbide tooling any good information on machining is useful. One caveat. In the ME, please. I have just not renewed my subscription to MEW. As for silver steel, it is a carbon steel since it has the properties of carbon steel and not high speed steel (as far as I am concerned). JA 12 June 2024 at 12:27 #735575 SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer On 11 June 2024 at 21:23 Andrew Johnston Said: SoD: So is there a plain carbon steel readily available, with a high enough carbon content, for making cutting tools that are hardened and tempered in a similar fashion to silver steel and gauge plate? Andrew 1095 Knife Steel for one. But I admit many of the old favourites have gone, replaced by Alloy Steels because of their superior performance. Dave 12 June 2024 at 13:00 #735576 SillyOldDufferModerator @sillyoldduffer On 11 June 2024 at 22:23 duncan webster 1 Said: Sorry SOD, your definition disagrees with that used by that used by legions of engineers. Referring to Silver Steel, Tubal Cain (page 25 of Hardening, Tempering & Heat Treatment) says ‘these steels are carbon steels with additives to improve performance’. … I’m surprised this is controversial, because, with all due respect to Tom Walshaw, the definition I quoted is that of the American Iron and Steel Institute. This is the crowd who: … in the ’30s, it became apparent that the industry’s technical terminology had become chaotic. The Institute came to grips with the problem, and out of its efforts came the AISI steel products manuals. They provided makers and users of steel with generally recognized definitions, descriptions and practices pertaining to the manufacture, chemistry, metallurgy and adaptability of steel products. The AISI definition isn’t unique to them. This is from the Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology: By that definition, Silver Steel is not a Carbon Steel, because it contains Chromium. Ditto Drill Steel and Gauge Plate. Perhaps the confusion arises because two different approaches are used to classify steels. Hence what British buyers call EN1B-Leaded, will actually be 9SMnPb28, 9SMnPb36, 11SMnPb30 or 11SMnPb37. One approach categorizes steel by Usage & Mechanical Properties, the other by Chemical Composition. Not making it up, I am quoting the official chemical definition of Carbon Steel. Dave 12 June 2024 at 13:11 #735577 Martin ConnellyParticipant @martinconnelly55370 I know the internet is not a 100% reliable source of information but I just thought I would copy this from Wikipedia since it matches all other sources of information: Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Since steel is already an alloy I suggest that all this talk of plain carbon steel, alloy steel and non-alloy steel is the sort of talk that ends up muddying the waters of what people are talking about. We need better descriptions than those that are being used in this thread. Martin C 12 June 2024 at 13:31 #735580 JasonBModerator @jasonb I think for all of us except Dave who has been trying to dig himself out of a hole the term Carbon Steel has always been taken to include Silver Steel and Gauge plate. BTW Dave the US term is “Drill Rod” not Drill steel. Maybe Dave should have looked at our good Editors Recently published A-Z of metals? 12 June 2024 at 14:33 #735582 duncan webster 1Participant @duncanwebster1 On 12 June 2024 at 13:00 SillyOldDuffer Said: On 11 June 2024 at 22:23 duncan webster 1 Said: Sorry SOD, your definition disagrees with that used by that used by legions of engineers. Referring to Silver Steel, Tubal Cain (page 25 of Hardening, Tempering & Heat Treatment) says ‘these steels are carbon steels with additives to improve performance’. … I’m surprised this is controversial, because, with all due respect to Tom Walshaw, the definition I quoted is that of the American Iron and Steel Institute. This is the crowd who: … in the ’30s, it became apparent that the industry’s technical terminology had become chaotic. The Institute came to grips with the problem, and out of its efforts came the AISI steel products manuals. They provided makers and users of steel with generally recognized definitions, descriptions and practices pertaining to the manufacture, chemistry, metallurgy and adaptability of steel products. The AISI definition isn’t unique to them. This is from the Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology: By that definition, Silver Steel is not a Carbon Steel, because it contains Chromium. Ditto Drill Steel and Gauge Plate. Perhaps the confusion arises because two different approaches are used to classify steels. Hence what British buyers call EN1B-Leaded, will actually be 9SMnPb28, 9SMnPb36, 11SMnPb30 or 11SMnPb37. One approach categorizes steel by Usage & Mechanical Properties, the other by Chemical Composition. Not making it up, I am quoting the official chemical definition of Carbon Steel. Dave But I’m not an American. They can call it what they like. In the UK silver steel is a carbon tool steel. Author Posts Viewing 25 posts - 1 through 25 (of 29 total) 1 2 → Please log in to reply to this topic. Registering is free and easy using the links on the menu at the top of this page.

DCN-MM Modular Drill Body with Exchangeable Heads, Internal Coolant Holes and MULTI-MASTER Connection, Drilling Depth 2xD

TCGT MD/RD (PCD) Positive 60° Triangular Inserts with MD/RD Chipbreaking PCD Tips for Non-Ferrous Metals Finishing & Medium App.

SMN D-BT40 IT Extended Flute Endmills with BT MAS-403 Tapered Shanks on Which Brazed PCD Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Speeds

GTIN ER-JIS (tapping) ER Collet Tapping Attachments, Tension and Compression JIS Type for CNC Milling and Turret Lathe Machines

SCLXR/L 06XS-JHP-MC Screw Lock Tools with JETCUT Coolant System Carrying CXMU 80° Rhombic Inserts for Swiss-Type Automatic Lathes

TTG-16E-UN External American UN Full Profile (UN, UNC, UNF, UNEF) Threading Inserts with 10 Threading Corners for General Industry

SOF45CL 45° Extra Fine Pitch Face Mills with Wedge Clamped Inserts, Carrying Square or Octagonal Inserts with 8/16 Cutting Edges

ER-SEAL-AA-JET DIN 6499/ ISO 15488-B ER Sealed Single Diameter Collet with Special Anti-Corrosion Protection Featuring 4 Cooling Jets

Carbon steel is often divided into two main categories: low-carbon steel and high-carbon steel. It may also contain other elements, such as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, which can affect its properties.

E-SCLCR/L-HEAD Screw Clamped Boring Heads Carrying 80° Rhombic Inserts with Positive 7° Clearance Mounted on Carbide Bars

O1 Gauge Plate emphatically fails the AISI definition: it’s an Alloy Steel, containing specific proportions of Silicon, Manganese, Chromium, Tungsten, and Vanadium. Silver Steel is of similar composition, except no Vanadium, and perhaps some Sulphur and Phosphorous. Neither is a Carbon Steel.

ICK-2M Exchangeable Double Margin SUMOCHAM Drilling Heads, for Machining ISO K Materials with High Surface Finish Results

DGN-J-XL Extra Long Inserts for Parting and Grooving Soft Materials, Parting Tubes, Small Diameters and Thin-Walled Parts

I would not say avoid carbon steel. If you want to make a form tool, “D” bit, etc then you don’t really have much choice as HSS and carbide will be a lot more difficult to shape.

EB-A2 (precision stub cut) 2 Flute, 30° Helix Stub Cut Length High Precision Ball Nose Endmills with Relieved Necks for Materials up to 65 HRC

PCHR/L-24-JHP-MC Grooving, Parting and Recessing Tools Carrying PENTA Inserts with Bottom Inlets for High-Pressure Coolant

TGTBQ-ECD-JHP (JET-CROWN) Tool Blocks for Square TANG-F-GRIP (TGAQ-ECD) Parting and Grooving Adapters for High-Pressure Coolant

SNGN (CER) Negative Square Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Cast Iron, Hardened Steel and Heat-Resistant Alloys

I’m surprised this is controversial, because, with all due respect to Tom Walshaw, the definition I quoted is that of the American Iron and Steel Institute. This is the crowd who:

SPN D-BT40 IT 90° Endmills with BT MAS-403 Tapered Shanks on Which Brazed PCD Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Speeds

SBTT#-SVJBR/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 5° Clearance 35° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

CPGW R/L-L (CBN) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with Full-Edge CBN Tip (Right or Left Hand) for Hardened Steel and Cast Iron

H690 EWN-MM-04 90° Endmills with a MULTI-MASTER Threaded Connection Carrying H690 WNMU 0403 Double-Sided Trigonal Inserts

CCGT MD/RD (PCD) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with 2 Types MD/RD Chipbreaking PCD Tips for Non-Ferrous Materials Finishing & Medium App.

VCGT-AS 35° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank, Very Positive Rake Angle and Sharp Cutting Edge for Machining Aluminum

VDI-B1/B4AK-JHPMC Radially Oriented, Short, Right-Hand, Wedge Clamping Holders with VDI DIN69880 Shanks for Square Shank Tools

From Wikipedia, The definition of carbon steel from the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) states: no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect; the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40%; or the specified maximum for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages noted: manganese 1.65%; silicon 0.60%; copper 0.60%.

BHF MB50-MB80 Dia. 2.5-500 Fine Boring Heads with a 2 µm Direct Diametric Adjustment for a Diameter Range of 2.5 up to 500 mm

FDN-XN09 Full Slot Flange Type Slotting Cutters Carrying XNMU 0904 Square Inserts with 4 Right- and 4 Left-Hand Cutting Edges

Hurrah, after all these years I’ve finally caught Andrew out! I’m not guilty because Gauge Plate and Silver Steel aren’t Carbon Steels!

DCN-N-5D-BD Exchangeable Head Drills with a Reinforced Body and a WN Shank, Diameter Ratio 5xD, for Construction Beam Industry.

FDN-XN06 Full Slot Flange Type Slotting Cutters Carrying XNMU 0603 Square Inserts with 4 Right- and 4 Left-Hand Cutting Edges

Interesting video! Really strange that there is no information on spindle speed. I wonder what is actually used – tungsten carbide or carbide steel?

DSC-EC Deep Single Tube Counterbore with Through Hole, External 4 Start Thread Connection and a Cartridge (40-292 dia.)

SNGN-ZN (CER) Radial Double-Sided Ceramic Face Milling Inserts Used for H igh-Speed Machining Gray and Nodular Cast Iron

HM90 APCR 100304PDFR-P/DP Inserts with Positive Helical Cutting Edges and Polished Rake for Machining Aluminum and High Temperature Alloys

DR-4D-T Indexable Insert Drills for Non-Rotating Applications with Coolant Holes and One Flat Shank, Drilling Depth 4xD

DGN/DGNM-J/JS/JT Double-Sided Inserts for Parting and Grooving Soft Materials, Parting Tubes, Small Diameters and Thin-Walled Parts

C#-Q3-SMXCN-SL-Y Y-Axis Turning Tools with Safety Lock Clamping Mechanism for Positive Inserts, for Roughing and Medium Applications.

PCHR/L-34-JHP-MC Grooving, Parting and Recessing Tools Carrying PENTA Inserts with Bottom Inlets for High-Pressure Coolant

I think for all of us except Dave who has been trying to dig himself out of a hole the term Carbon Steel has always been taken to include Silver Steel and Gauge plate.

SVJCR/L-16-JHP Screw Lock Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying 35° Rhombic Inserts with 7° Clearance Angle

GD-DH (10.00-11.50) Gundrills Carrying Indexable Inserts with Single Chip Splitting Cutting Edge and a Wiper for High Hole Surface Quality

FIN LNK-INT Extended Flute Endmills with Tangentially Clamped Inserts and DIN69871 Shanks for Semi-Finishing Long Shoulders

HSK A63WH-DDJNR/L R-Clamp Turning Tools with HSK Taper Shank Carrying Negative DNMG Inserts for 15° Mounting on Turn-Mill Machines

PENTA 24R/L-DSL Parting Insert with 5 Angled Cutting Edges to Minimize Burr Size. Can Be Clamped Also on Standard PENTA CUT Holders.

DIN69871-EM (DIN 6359-HE) DIN 69871 Form AD Taper Shank Drill Holders with DIN 6359-HE for DIN 1835 Form E Whistle Notch Shanks

VDI

PICCO R/L 050-NC (Turning, with Chipbreaker) Inserts with Chipformers and Inner Coolant Channel for Internal Boring and Profiling

In general cutting speeds are not that critical. A caveat is that carbide inserts are more sensitive to cutting speeds and feedrates, especially with the more esoteric materials. Depth of cut and feedrate are as important, if not more so, that cutting speed. If the cutting tool is fed too slowly, so it rubs rather than cuts, then it doesn’t really matter what the speed is. The result will be the same; a fudged cutting tool.

CCGW R/L-L (CBN) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with Full-Edge CBN Tips (Right or Left Hand) for Hardened Steels and Cast Iron

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TPMR-PF Triangular 11° Positive Inserts with a Positive Chipformer Exerting Low Cutting Forces for Internal Finish Turning

H490 ANK-09 Extended Flute Endmills Carrying H490 ANKX 09... Double-Sided Rectangular Inserts with 4 Helical Cutting Edges

These pages may be of further interest, in that they highlight Carbon Steels of the same mix can have different properties.

ECU-E-3-R 3 Flute, 38° Helix Short Undersized Slot / Drill Solid Carbide Endmills with Various Radii According to DIN 6885

Y-SCHR-22BF-JHP Y-Axis Screw Lock JETCUT Integral Tools for SWISSCUT Inserts for Grooving and Turning on Swiss-Type Machines

TNGN (CER) Negative 60° Triangular Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Hardened Steel, Cast Iron and Heat Resistant Alloys

ADJ DIN69871 FINEFIT Center Alignment Shank and Base with a DIN 69871 Form AD Taper Shank for Specially Tailored Toolholders

T4..-SM Conical Shell Mills Conical Extended Flute Shell Mills Carrying T490 LNMT/LNHT 13... Tangentially Clamped Inserts

SDN-XN09 Full Slot Disk Type Slotting Cutters Carrying XNMU 0904 Square Inserts with 4 Right- and 4 Left-Hand Cutting Edges

Sometimes, if you just cannot get the tool to cut right, going one speed slower, or even faster, can cure the problem. A matter of harmonics on your particular machine – and the alignment of the planets.

ECGT (PCD) Positive 75° Rhombic Inserts with Single PCD Top Corner Tip and Positive Rake for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

A good approximation for cutting mild-steel with HSS is rpm = 10000 / diameter of job (or drill) in millimetres. This speed is also suitable for Bronze, Soft Cast Iron, and Copper.

The cutting advice in books and on the web is aimed at production engineers who must maximise efficiency. Production speeds are usually too fast and brutal for hobby and jobbing workshops.

CCGW W-MT (CBN) Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts with a Single CBN Wiper, Mini Tip and Flat Rake Angle for Hardened Steel and Cast Iron

As for silver steel, it is a carbon steel since it has the properties of carbon steel and not high speed steel (as far as I am concerned).

SBTT#-SCLCR/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 7° Clearance 80° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

DCGT-F1M-20P 55° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finish and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and High-Temp. Alloys.

BT-FC-SRKIN-CX Thermal Shrink Chucks with BT-FC-SRKIN-CX Form AD Tapered Shank and Jet Coolant Grooves along the Shank Bore

SD S-A-C-H-SP Stepped Cylindrical Carbide Shanks with Brazed Steel Head for Interchangeable Solid Carbide Milling Heads

And re belt changes, yes go for the closest. Going a bit slower will reduce chatter and increase tool life. Going a bit faster may exacerbate these problems.

GD-DH Gundrills Carrying Triangular Inserts with 3 Chip Splitting Cutting Edges and a Wiper for High Hole Surface Quality

DCMT-M3M-SL 55° Rhombic Inserts with a Positive Flank and Locating Bottom Ridge for Machining Stainless and Low Carbon Steel

SDN-XN13 Full Slot Disk Type Slotting Cutters Carrying XNMU 1306 Square Inserts with 4 Right- and 4 Left-Hand Cutting Edges

General advice and following rules of thumb just doesn’t easily generate this overview. Which can be limiting when it comes to how you work. Especially should you need to go “off-piste”.

EC-B3 (economical-short/medium) Economical Type 3 Flute, 45° Helix, Center Cutting, Short/Medium Length Solid Carbide Endmills

TGTBY-JHP Y-Axis Intermediate Prismatic Holders for Square JHP Adapters on Multi-Task Machines for Parting and Grooving

Y-PCHRS-17 Y-Axis Screw Lock Integral Tools Carrying 5 Edged Inserts for Grooving, Parting, and Recessing on Swiss-Type Machines

A-SDUCR/L-13-SL Boring Bars Carrying 55° Rhombic Inserts with 7° Clearance Angle for High Rigidity in Profiling Applications

EB-A2 (long with neck) 2 Flute, 30° Helix Long Solid Carbide Ball Nose Endmills with Relieved Necks for Materials up to 65 HRC

PDACR/L-S-JHP Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying 55° Positive Rhombic Inserts for Swiss Automatic Machines

PMN D-C Utility Inserts with 5 Cutting Edges for Parting and Grooving of Hard Materials, Tough and General Applications

HSK A-EM-CX DIN6359 Side Clamp Holders for DIN 1835 Form B Weldon Shanks with Jet Coolant HSK DIN69893 Form A Tapered Shanks

CNGN S (CBN) Negative 80° Rhombic Solid CBN Inserts for High-Feed High-Depth Roughing & High-Speed Finishing of Cast Iron

HM390 ETP-M 90° Endmills with a FLEXFIT Threaded Adaptation Carrying HM90 TPKT 1003... Inserts with 3 Helical Cutting Edges

This tool is designed for versatility and efficiency. It can handle various paper thicknesses and offers smooth, round cuts without any difficulty.

PENTA D-N-J Inserts with 5 Cutting Edges for Parting and Grooving Soft Materials, Parting Tubes, Small and Thin-Walled Parts

By my definition EN8 is a Carbon Steel, but EN24 definitely isn’t because the latter is alloyed. Silver Steel is an alloy, not a plain carbon steel, because it contains Chromium. And the Chromium was specifically added with malice aforethought by a metallurgist in order to achieve a desirable property not available from a plain Carbon Steel.

DGN-J/JS-D Double-Sided Inserts for Parting and Grooving Soft Materials, Parting Tubes, Small Diameters and Thin-Walled Parts

Center milling insert cutting toolsnear me

Unfortunately there is no audio, and the spindle speed is not declared [so we’re guessing] but it seems to ride rough-shod over the dogma regarding Tungsten Carbide tools.

MTH-UN (external) Helical Thread Milling Inserts for American Full Profile External Threading. Intended for General Applications

CCGW/CCMW-2 (CBN) 80° Positive Rhombic Inserts with 2 CBN Tips for Machining Hardened Steel, Sintered Metals and High Temperature Alloys

S-SLANR/L-TANG Boring Bars Carrying LNMX Tangentially Screw Clamped Inserts with 4 Cutting Edges for High Metal Removal Rates

PICCO-MFT Solid Carbide Tools for Drilling, Facing, Internal / External Turning and Threading on Swiss and Small CNC Machines

The most commonly used method for this purpose is the PVD (Physical Vapour Deposition) method, which constitutes the physical deposition of thin layers of the ...

Personal example here. I use one of the once common cardboard milling cutter speed-n-feed slide rules for my basic milling machine set-ups. Then tweak from experience. Which works adequately ‘cos I’ve been playing about with such things for “not admitting how many years” and run a Bridgeport which is large enough and heavy enough that I don’t have to worry about working around machine limitations in the manner that folk with more typical ME equipment do. The proper way to do things is to work things out from tooth load. Which I just don’t do, despite being easily capable of running the calculations in my head, because I’ve never bothered to learn how to visualise how tooth load actually fits int other great scheme of things. If I’d had a nomogram I’d have started out with tooth load and, probably, after the tenth cutter or so my visualisation would have been solid and I’d have been calculating things in my head pretty much automatically. Mr Osborns slide rule would have been a curiosity and the nomogram an almost never looked at wall poster in the same way as my lathe data. But I found a nomogram for later work very early on.

CNGA-2 (CBN) 80° Rhombic Inserts with 2 CBN Tips for Machining Hardened Steel, Sintered Metals and High Temperature Alloys

So cutting speed depends on the material and on what the cutter is made of. In a production setting, speed and efficiency very much favour carbide, run at high-speed, on a rigid powerful machine, and taking deep cuts with a high feed-rate. Carbide isn’t suitable for everything though, so HSS remains popular. HSS does a good job, but the cutting speed has to be reduced compared with carbide. Likewise, using Carbon Steel rather than HSS means cutting speed has to be drastically reduced again. A Carbon Steel cutter run at HSS speeds soon fails.

RM-MTR-H7N-CS-C Solid Carbide Reamers with Helical Flutes, Unequal Pitch and Coolant Grooves for High Speed Reaming of Through Holes

TNGA (CER) Negative 60° Triangular Double-Sided Ceramic Inserts for Machining Cast Iron, Hardened Steel, and Heat-Resistant Alloys

PENTA 24-W Whitworth (BSW, BSF, BSP) B.S.84-1956 DIN 259 Pentagonal Full Profile External Threading Inserts with a Chipformer

SET ER-SEAL-AA DIN 6499/ ISO 15488-B ER Sealed Single Diameter Collet with Super Finish Surface and Special Anti-Corrosion Protection

HM90 EAL-HSK63A-15 Long Reach Endmills with Integral HSK Adaptation Carrying HM90 AXCR 1505... Inserts for Machining Aluminum

C#-ASHR/L-45-HPMC Holders with CAMFIX Exchangeable Shanks Carrying Square Shank Tools for 45° Mounting on Turn-Mill Machines with HPMC

HM90 EAL-MM-15-JHP 90° Endmills with a MULTI-MASTER Threaded Adaptation Carrying HM90 AXCR 1505... Inserts for Machining Aluminum

ICP-2M Exchangeable Double Margin SUMOCHAM Drilling Heads, for Machining ISO P Materials with High Surface Finish Results

TPGX (CBN) Triangular Inserts with CBN Single Top Corner Brazed Tip, 11° Clearance for Machining Cast Iron and Hardened Steel

By that definition, Silver Steel is not a Carbon Steel, because it contains Chromium. Ditto Drill Steel and Gauge Plate.

TCGT-AS Triangular Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank, Very Positive Rake Angle and Sharp Cutting Edge for Machining Aluminum

MM Adjustable Torque Keys Adjustable Torque Handle and Keys for Secure and Accurate Tightening of MULTI-MASTER Milling Heads

SPN D#HSK#R-CA IT 90° Endmills with Integral HSK Adaptation Carrying Super Positive Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotation Speeds

ECAP-H3-CF Solid Carbide Endmills with Different Helix, Variable Pitch, Chip Splitters, and Coolant Holes for Machining Aluminum

-JHP Intermediate Holders for ISCAR Modular System Holders with Directed Internal Coolant for MODULAR-GRIP-XL Adapters

HSK A-EM (DIN 1835 Form B) DIN6359 Side Clamp Holders for DIN 1835 Form B Weldon Shanks with HSK DIN69893 Form A Tapered Shanks

LNMX-WG Tangentially Clamped Inserts with a Wiper Corner Design for High Production Cutting and Excellent Surface Finish

MTECBF-W Solid Carbide Internal or External Threading Endmills with a Coolant Hole. Intended for BSF/BSP Thread Profiles.

TNGA-M3 (CBN) Triangular Inserts with 3 CBN Tips for Machining Hardened Steel, Sintered Metals and High Temperature Alloys

DIN69871-EM (DIN 6359 short) Short Side Clamp Endmill Holders (DIN 6359-HB) with DIN 69871 Form AD Taper Shanks for DIN 1835 Form B Weldon Shanks

SPN D#BT#R-CA IT 90° Endmills with Integral BT Adaptation Carrying Super Positive Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotation Speeds

HSK A63WH-SLSNR-TANG Tools for 45° Mounting, with HSK Taper Shanks for LNMX-HT - High Production Cutting, Tangentially Clamped Inserts

ECP-H4L-CFR 4 Flute Solid Carbide Endmills with Different Helix, Variable Pitch and Chip Splitting Cutting Edges for Roughing

VCGT-F2M 35° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank for Semi-Finishing and Finish Turning on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

DNGG-M3N Double-Sided Sharp-Edged Positive and Polished Rake Inserts for Finishing Aluminum and Other Non-Ferrous Materials

RM-MTR-H7S-CS-C UOP Solid Carbide Reamers with Straight Flutes, Unequal Pitch and Coolant Holes for High Speed Reaming Blind Holes

Center milling insert cutting toolsprice

TIP-P-NPT NPT (National Pipe Threads) Precision Ground Double-Ended External Full Profile Threading Inserts with a Chipformer

SPN D-INT40 IT 90° Endmills with BT Adaptation on which Brazed PCD Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotational Speeds

TAGPAD-Y-JHP Y-Axis Adapters for Parting & Grooving on Multi-Task Machines & Turning Centers with JHP Channels and TANG-GRIP Inserts

CCGT-AF 80° Rhombic Inserts with a 7° Positive Flank, Very Positive Rake Angle and Sharp Cutting Edge for Machining Aluminum

DNGA (CBN) Negative 55° Rhombic Inserts & Negative Relief Angle with Single CBN Tip for Finishing Hardened Steel and Cast Iron

Ages ago I offered to write some articles for MEW on turning different metals with insert tooling and quantative surface roughness measurements. Maybe the idea should be resurrected.

PENTA 17-MT-RS/LS Precision Ground Pentagonal External Threading Inserts with a 60° Partial Profile for General Applications

EPGT (PCD) Positive 75° Rhombic Inserts with Single PCD Top Corner Tip and Positive Rake for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

SPN D#CAT#R-CA IT 90° Endmills with DIN69871 Adaptation Carrying Super Positive Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotation Speeds

As mentioned above the type of machine also plays an important part. Bigger, industrial, machines tend to be more rigid and can take heavier cuts, but experimentation is still needed.

TCGT L (PCD) Positive 60° Triangular Inserts with Full-Edge PCD Tip (Right or Left Hand) for Finishing Non-Ferrous Materials

Although the metal is being sheared the process shown is more akin to skiving. The shape of the tool is less important, provided that a sharp edge with zero rake is present. I am pretty sure the tool material is tungsten carbide; the point of the video is that being harder the tungsten carbide will last longer.

I know the internet is not a 100% reliable source of information but I just thought I would copy this from Wikipedia since it matches all other sources of information:

E-PWLNR/L-HEAD Lever Lock Interchangeable Boring Heads Clamped on a Solid Carbide Shank Carrying Negative WNMG Trigon Inserts

HSK A63WH-ASHR/L-HPMC Holders with HSK Exchangeable Shanks for External Square Shank Tools with High-Pressure Multi-Connection

NQCH-SVACR/L-S-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying 35° Rhombic Inserts with 7° Clearance Angle for Swiss-Type Machines

RM-BN-H7LB Quick Change Left-Hand Flute Interchangeable Solid Carbide Reaming Heads for High Speed Reaming Through Holes

PVACR/L-S-JHP-MC Tools with Channels for High Pressure Coolant Carrying 35° Positive Rhombic Inserts for Swiss Automatic Machines

TPG M-W (HSS) HSS-E 5% Co Gun Point Machine Taps According to DIN 13 for ISO Metric Coarse Threads on Steel with Good Machinability

QCP-2M Exchangeable Double Margin, Self-Centering SUMOCHAM Drilling Heads, for ISO P Materials with High Surface Finish Results

APKT 1003PDR-HM-CS Chip Splitting Insert for Rough Steel Milling, Specially Made for Extended Flute Tools or Long Overhang Applications

EB-A2 (tapered flute & neck) 2 Tapered Flutes, 30° Helix Solid Carbide Ball Nose Endmills with Relieved Necks for Materials up to 65 HRC

TGTBQ-JHP-RIB Tool Blocks for Square F-GRIP Parting and Grooving Adapters with High-Pressure Coolant for Machining next to Spindle

DIN69871-SRKIN-CX Thermal Shrink Chucks with DIN69871 Form AD Tapered Shank and Jet Coolant Grooves along the Shank Bore

Indexable End Mill Cutter

Here are some cutting tools made from gauge plate and silver steel, aka carbon steel, and running on 20th century industrial machine tools. Here’s a home made cutter, mostly using a hacksaw and files, cutting slots in steel:

Since steel is already an alloy I suggest that all this talk of plain carbon steel, alloy steel and non-alloy steel is the sort of talk that ends up muddying the waters of what people are talking about. We need better descriptions than those that are being used in this thread.

TNMG-FFG-CERMET Double-Sided Triangular Cermet Inserts for Semi-Finishing and Finishing Applications on Steel and Cast Iron

GFN-J Parting & Grooving Single-Ended Insert for Soft Materials, Parting of Tubes, Small Diameters and Thin-Walled Parts

SBTT#-SDJCR/L-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Mount 7° Clearance 55° Rhombic Inserts for Back-End Machining on Swiss-Type Machines

MTH-UN (internal) Helical Thread Milling Inserts for American Full Profile Internal Threading. Intended for General Applications

C#-SDJCR-JHP Screw Clamp Tools with CAMFIX Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying Positive 55° Rhombic Inserts

TGTR/L-D Integral Shank TANG-GRIP Toolholders with Reinforced Blades for Parting and Grooving Mainly Sub-Spindle Machines

T490 LNK-INT50-FT Basic Units of Modular Extended Flute Endmills with DIN 69871 Tapered Shanks Carrying T490 LNMT/HT 1306 Inserts

HP ANCR 0702PNFR Peripherally Ground Inserts with a Super Positive Chipformer for Machining Aluminum, Titanium and Magnesium

VNGG-M3N Double-Sided Sharp Edged Positive and Polished Rake Inserts for Finishing on Aluminum and Other Non-Ferrous Materials

Perhaps the confusion arises because two different approaches are used to classify steels. Hence what British buyers call EN1B-Leaded, will actually be 9SMnPb28, 9SMnPb36, 11SMnPb30 or 11SMnPb37. One approach categorizes steel by Usage & Mechanical Properties, the other by Chemical Composition. Not making it up, I am quoting the official chemical definition of Carbon Steel.

FDN-CALN13 Full Slot Adjustable Slotting Cutters with Cartridges Carrying T490 LNHT 1306PNTR/L Inserts (17.5-23.0 mm width range)

DCMT/DCGT-PF 55° Rhombic Inserts with a Positive Flank for Semi-Finish and Finishing on Soft Materials and Exotic Alloys

Edit:and to add to the mystery, they state ‘Tungsten Carbide’ … but might they actually be ‘Carbide Steel’ [whatever that is] ?

EB-A2 (stub cut length) 2 Flute, 30° Helix Stub Cut Length Ball Nose Solid Carbide Endmills for Materials up to 55-70 HRC

C#-SDJCR/L-13-SL-JHP Screw Clamp Tools with CAMFIX Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying Positive 55° Rhombic Inserts

MINCUT KIT Contains One Toolholder and a Set of 6 Different Inserts for Internal Face Grooving and Turning Applications

DCGT MD/RD (PCD) Positive 55° Rhombic Inserts with MD/RD Chipbreaking PCD Tips for Non-Ferrous Materials Finishing & Medium App.

Center milling insert cutting toolssizes

TPS M-W HE(HSS) DIN 13 HSS Right-Hand 40° Spiral Flute Machine Taps for ISO Metric Coarse Threads on Steel with Good Machinability

DCM-3D (7.5-25.9 mm) Drill Body with Exchangeable Heads, Internal Coolant Holes and One Flat Shank. Drilling Depth: 3xD

CNGX-M3N Double-Sided Positive Rake Inserts with High Helical and Sharp Edge for Medium Machining Non-Ferrous Materials

HM90 EAL-MM-16-JHP 90° Endmills with a MULTI-MASTER Threaded Adaptation Carrying HM90 APCR 1605... Inserts for Machining Aluminum

FFX4 ED-MM Endmills with MULTI-MASTER Adaptation that Mount Small "Bone Shaped" Inserts with 4 Cutting Edges for Fast Feed Milling

MTECQ-UN Solid Carbide Endmills with Internal Coolant Holes and a Reduced Diameter Neck, for Deep Internal UN Profile Threading

PCLXR/L-S-JHP Lever Lock Tools with JETCUT Coolant System Carrying CXMG 80° Rhombic Inserts for Swiss-Type Automatic Lathes

MT LNH#-UN (Internal) Thread Milling Inserts for American (UN, UNC, UNF, UNEF, UNS) Full Profile Threads for General Applications

EC-A2-R/H (rib processing) 2 Flute, 30° Helix and Corner Radii Solid Carbide Endmills for Rib Processing on Hard Materials up to 65 HRC

T490 LNK-BT-FT Basic Units of Modular Extended Flute Endmills with BT MAS-403 Tapered Shanks Carrying T490 LNMT/HT 1306 Inserts

VCGT MD/RD (PCD) Positive 35° Rhombic Inserts with MD/RD Chipbreaking PCD Tips for Non-Ferrous Materials Finishing & Medium App.

H490 SM-12 Extended Flute Shell Mills Carrying H490 ANKX 12.. Double-Sided Rectangular Inserts with 4 Helical Cutting Edges

DCMT-F3P-SL 55° Rhombic Inserts with a Positive Flank with a Locating Bottom Ridge for Semi-Finishing and Finishing on Steel

MAHD-XL-JHP Intermediate Holders for ISCAR Modular System Holders with Directed Internal Coolant for MODULAR-GRIP-XL Adapters

ST-ER-MF (mini flat) DIN 6499 ER Mini Collet Chucks with Cylindrical Shanks and a Clamping Flat for Swiss-Type CNC Lathes

SLANR/L-15-TANG-JHP Screw-Lock Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying LNMX Tangentially Clamped Inserts

1095 Knife Steel for one. But I admit many of the old favourites have gone, replaced by Alloy Steels because of their superior performance.

H490 E90AX-MM 90° Endmills with a MULTI-MASTER Threaded Connection Carrying H490 ANKX/ANCX 090...Double-Sided Rectangular Inserts

C#-MULNR/L-MW MULTI-WEDGE Tools with CAMFIX Exchangeable Shanks Carrying 80° Negative Rhombic or Trigon or Square Inserts

NQCH-PCHR/L-S-JHP Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying PENTA Inserts for Grooving, Parting, and Recessing on Swiss-Type Machines

C#-SCLCR/L-JHP Screw Clamp Tools with CAMFIX Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying Positive 80° Rhombic Inserts

E-STFCR-HEAD Interchangeable Screw Clamped Boring Heads Carrying Positive 7° Clearance Triangular Inserts Mounted on Carbide Bars

By Carbon Steel I mean the medium and high carbon steels used since the dawn of time to make chisels, knives, axes, springs, and files etc. In contrast Gauge Plate and Silver Steel are both modern alloys, the result of much metallurgical and scientific research in the last century.

DCM-5D (7.5-25.9 mm) Drill Body with Exchangeable Heads, Internal Coolant Holes and One Flat Shank. Drilling Depth: 5xD

CNGG-F3N Double-Sided Sharp Edged Positive and Polished Rake Inserts for Finishing Aluminum and Other Non-Ferrous Materials

SMN D-INT40 IT Extended Flute Endmills with DIN69871 Tapered Shanks on which Brazed PCD Inserts for Machining Aluminum High Speeds

SMN D-HSK IT Extended Flute Endmills with HSK Adaptation on which Brazed PCD Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotational Speeds

FFQ4 D-MM-06 Fast Feed Endmills with MULTI-MASTER Threaded Adaptation Carrying Single-Sided Square Inserts with 4 Cutting Edges

Silver steel and gauge plate are high carbon steels and are described as such by commercial steel stockists. Silver steel in particular is stated to be a carbon steel.

PDACR/L-S-JHP-MC Tools with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying 55° Positive Rhombic Inserts for Swiss Automatic Machines

I’m surprised this is controversial, because, with all due respect to Tom Walshaw, the definition I quoted is that of the American Iron and Steel Institute. This is the crowd who:

LNKX/LNMT 150608ANTN MM Tangentially Clamped Inserts with a Negative Land and Reinforced Chipformer for Unfavorable Cutting Conditions

C#-SDNCN-13-SL-JHP Screw Clamp Tools with CAMFIX Shanks and Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying Positive 55° Rhombic Inserts

BCM-MM Ball Nose Endmills with MULTI-MASTER Threaded Adaptation that Mount Tangent Straight Edge Inserts for Finish Profiling

VCMT-FPC-CERMET 35° Rhombic 7° Cermet Positive Flank Inserts for Semi-Finishing Turning of Steel and Automotive Components

TAGPAD-XL-JHP Extra Long Parting and Grooving Adapters with Channels for High-Pressure Coolant Carrying TANG-GRIP Inserts

SPMR Square Inserts with a Positive Chipformer Exerting Low Cutting Forces for Semi-Finishing and Finishing Applications

HSK A63WH-ASHR/L-45-HPMC Holders with HSK Exchangeable Shanks Carrying Square Shank Tools for 45° Mounting on Turn-Mill Machines with HPMC

FDN-CAPM15 Full Slot Adjustable Slotting Cutters with Cartridges Carrying LNAT 1506...-PM Inserts (18.9-25.6 mm width range)

NQCH-Y-SVJCR-S-JHP Y-Axis Screw Lock JETCUT Modular Heads Carrying 35° Rhombic Inserts with 7° Clearance Angle for Swiss-Type Machines

HSM90S FAL-22 90° Face Mills Carrying Super Positive and Polished Rake Inserts for Machining Aluminum at High Rotation Speeds

GEPI-WT Precision Ground Double-Ended Threading Inserts with a 55° Partial Profile and a Chipformer for 11.5 mm Bore Diameter

PENTA 24N-PF (full radius) Full Radius Pentagonal Inserts with a High Positive Flat Rake for Parting and Precision Grooving

FFQ4 D-M-09 Fast Feed Endmills with FLEXFIT Threaded Adaptation Carrying Single-Sided Square Inserts with 4 Cutting Edges

VDI

CATM-MB MB Modular Boring Connection System with CATM FORM AD ANSIB5.5 Caterpillar Tapered Shanks and Metric Pull Stud Threads

Creworks Lathes on Amazon UK – some big price drops for Black Friday Week Thread pitch of screws used on Stihl equipment What is (Traditional) Model Engineering? Strange drilling situation FreeCAD version 1.0 released EN8M FLAT modifying Schaublin collets A blast from the past What did you do Today 2024 Traction Engine Identification Help Please….

BHF MB16-MB50 Dia. 2.5-108 Fine Boring Heads with a 2 µm Direct Diametric Adjustment for a Diameter Range of 2.5 up to 108 mm

PWLNR/L-X-JHP-MC Lever Lock Tools with Bottom Inlets for High-Pressure Coolant Channels Carrying HELITURN LD WNMX and WNMG Trigon Inserts

With carbide insert tooling, you can go twice as fast as with HSS. If chips are coming off blue but not sparking, you are doing well. But running that hot with with HSS will reduce tool cutting edge life.