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The original version of this article was created by Francesco Gerali, 2019 Elizabeth & Emerson Pugh Scholar in Residence at the IEEE History Center

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A:  The best fit will be on  a Woodpeckers drill press table with T Tracks spaced 14.5 inches on center. There are additional slots in the base to allow it to adapt to other tables and set ups.  It can also be attached to a separate sub base that can be attached to a difficult to fit factory drill press table.   The riser base can also be securely clamped to the drill press table surface if it cannot be bolted down.

On January 1913, the Burton-Humphreys thermal cracking process was patented (Patent No. 1,049,667)[3]. The same year, the Whiting refinery, erected in 1893 to produce kerosene for lamps, had already 12 Burton-Humphreys adapted stills in service, which just ten years later reached the number of 900 units in full service. In addition to using thermal cracking to make gasoline for sale, Standard Oil of Indiana also earned great profits in royalties, some $15 million between 1913 and 1930, by giving the patent in license to other refining companies. Soon, the method was used throughout the petroleum industry all over the world.

The table and fence will get your material placed correctly. Adding the Clamping Kit ensures it will stay in place safely while you drill. The Clamping Kit includes a wedge system to clamp your work against the fence and a pair of our Pivot Clamps to hold your work securely down to the table. You can even adjust the Duax vertically, hang it off the edge of the table and drill the ends of long material, like stool legs. The wedge gets tighter the more drilling pressure is applied.

The Duax consists of two components, the base and the adjustable angle table. The table mounts to the base in four different directions, allowing you to orient your material for clearance and proper angle direction. Laser-cut teeth engage to provide accurate angle settings on the table. The stainless steel quadrants on both sides of the table secure the angle even under heavy drilling pressure. An adjustable fence provides the “dual” in “dual-axis”, adjusting for any angle between 0° and 90° in either direction and positioned anywhere along the table.

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At the same time, the Burton-Humphreys patent was accused of infringement by Shukhov of his 1891 patent. The quarrel was resolved in favor of the Standard Oil Company of Indiana, but in Russia the Shukhov process was used without acknowledging the rights to the Indiana company. Various improvements to thermal cracking were introduced into the 1920s, until it was surpassed by the most effective (to yield higher octane gasoline) catalytic cracking process in 1937.

Copp, Newton, and Andrew Zanella. Discovery, innovation, and risk: case studies in science and technology. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1993.

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(The) Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov http://en.bstu.ru/about/acquaintance/shukhov_vladimir_grigorievichv

The chemical engineers William Merriam Burton (1865-1954) and Robert E. Humphreys (1868-1942),[2] began working in this area in 1908. After having persuaded the newly established Indiana’s firm, established from the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company, to invest in the technology, they implemented a well-functioning thermal cracking process similar to the Shukhov Cracking Process. Crude oil was poured into the still and the temperature elevated to the range of 700 to 750 F (371 - 399 C). The flow of petroleum vapors was regulated through a valve system to allow the required pressure, 90 psa equal to 6.2 bar, to be maintained through all the steps of the process. After the fractions had become light and evaporated, these were gathered through the condenser. At the end of the process, the still was opened and the carbon deposits collected. The main yield of this process was gasoline, light gas oil (a diesel-kind fuel oil), residual fuel oil, and petroleum coke.

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F. Gerali (2019). Thermal Cracking, Engineering and Technology History Wiki. [Online] Available: https://ethw.org/Thermal_Cracking

Also included in the Clamping Kit is a pair of button stops. Locate them in the table slots to position a round object precisely where you want it for drilling in the face. A vee-groove down the center of the table holds round stock for drilling across the diameter.

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Every detail in a drill press is focused on delivering one thing…vertical holes. A few have tilting tables, but using that feature is something most of us try to avoid, fearing the attempt to return the drill press back to square. Whether you dread adjusting the angle of the table or yours is fixed at 90°, Woodpeckers Duax Angle Drilling Table provides unparalleled control in setting, aligning and securing your work anytime you need to drill at an angle…or two.

This technology and its productive potential came back into the scope of chemical engineering during the early 1900s boom of the young automotive industry. This generated a need for car fuels far beyond what contemporary refining technology could actually produce. This turn towards a high octane gasoline refining market took place at the Standard Oil Company of Indiana facilities of Whiting, Indiana, U.S.A, in 1912.

Like all Woodpeckers products, the Duax Angle Drilling Table is precisely machined and carefully inspected in our Strongsville, Ohio, manufacturing facility (just south of Cleveland). You can get the Duax by itself or get the bundle that includes the Clamping Kit at an additional savings over buying them separately. The replaceable inserts come in 5-packs.

Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov (1853-1939), together with Sergei Gavrilov, were the Russian physicists and engineers who in 1891 successfully developed a continuous thermal cracking process in Tsarist Russia, after having worked in applied oil field technologies (e.g. pipelining[1] and boilers) for The Petroleum Production Company Nobel Brothers Limited (Branobel) since 1878. The Shukhov Cracking Process was first patented in Russia (no. 12926) on November 27, 1891. The base principle of the process involves the thermal breaking of the heavier hydrocarbon chains under high pressure to obtain lighter and shorter chain fractions.

This was a major advancement in petroleum refining technology. Since the beginning of modern refining in the 1860s, few major advancements in traditional processes were made in more efficient refining of heavier fractions of petroleum. However, the Shukhov process did not find immediate worldwide adoption. The demand for a very light and flammable gasoline-like product was not prevalent, and furthermore, the production on a commercial scale would have required the construction of large, dangerous, and expensive thermal cracking facilities.

Today the original Burton-Humphreys process is no longer in use, with an exception for some diesel-kind fuels. However, many of the current refining processes owe much to the thermal cracking idea pioneered by Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov in the 19th century, and the 20th century successful development and results obtained by the two American chemists, from the relevant technological investments made by their company.

Larson, Henrietta M., and Kenneth Wiggins Porter. History of Humble Oil & Refining Company; a study in industrial growth. New York: Harper, 1959.

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While we used stool components to demonstrate the capability of the Duax, chairs and stools are just a couple of the applications for the Duax. Think of hall trees, coat racks, tool holders, mug racks and the thousands of other projects where material comes together at an angle with a dowel or round tenon.

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The base of the Duax is optimized for attachment to Woodpeckers DP-PRO Drill Press Table and our earlier Drill Press Tables. The attachment slots will also accommodate the holes, slots and tracks in many drill press tables. It is designed for drill presses 12" capacity and larger.  We added keyhole slots so you can keep your Duax stored out of the way, but in plain sight when you’re not using it.

Cobb, Cathy, and Harold Goldwhite. Creations of fire: chemistry's lively history from alchemy to the atomic age. Cambridge, Mass: Perseus Pub., 2001.

A:  When the table is fully closed/flat at 0 degrees it sits 4-⅜ from the base.  When the table is adjusted to 45 degrees it is elevated 11-9/16” from the base.  When adjusted to 90 degrees it will be elevated to 14-⅛” from the base.

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