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Helical (spiral) motion is possible with G02 or G03 by programming the linear axis that is not in the selected plane. This third axis will be moved along the specified axis in a linear manner, while the other two axes will be moved in the circular motion. The speed of each axis will be controlled so that the helical rate matches the programmed feedrate.

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These G codes are used to specify circular motion. Two axes are necessary to complete circular motion and the correct plane, G17-G19, must be used. There are two methods of commanding a G02 or G03, the first is using the I, J, K addresses and the second is using the R address.

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To start, take the hole diameter (1.500). Subtract the cutter diameter .750 and then divide by 2. (1.500 - .75) / 2 = .375

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The use of an Lxx value on line N10 allows us to repeat the thread milling arc multiple times, with a Single-Point Thread Mill.

You cannot turn cutter compensation off or on during an arc movement. You must program a linear move, either in the X or Y Axis, to move the tool to and from the diameter to cut. This move will be the maximum compensation amount that you can adjust.

The next step is to program a complete circle (G02 or G03) with a Z-Axis command of the amount of one full pitch of the thread (this is called Helical Interpolation).

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Use a G03 to cut I.D. threads or a G02 to cut O.D. threads. An I.D. right hand thread will move up in the Z-Axis by the amount of one thread pitch. An O.D. right hand thread will move down in the Z-Axis by the amount of one thread pitch. PITCH = 1/Threads per inch (Example - 1.0 divided by 8 TPI = .125)

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Thread milling uses a standard G02 or G03 move to create the circular move in X-Y, then adds a Z move on the same block to create the thread pitch. This generates one turn of the thread; the multiple teeth of the cutter generate the rest. Typical block of code:

After the initial positioning, the next step of the program is to turn on cutter compensation and move to the I.D. of the circle.

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The R-value defines the distance from the starting point to the center of the circle. Use a positive R-value for radii of 180 or less, and a negative R-value for radii more than 180.

I, J and K address are used to locate the arc center in relation to the start point. In other words, the I, J, K addresses are the distances from the starting point to the center of the circle. Only the I, J, or K specific to the selected plane are allowed (G17 uses IJ, G18 uses IK and G19 uses JK). The X, Y, and Z commands specify the end point of the arc. If the X, Y, and Z location for the selected plane is not specified, the endpoint of the arc is the same as the starting point for that axis.

To cut a full circle the I, J, K addresses must be used; using an R address will not work. To cut a full circle, do not specify an ending point (X, Y, and Z ); program I, J, or K to define the center of the circle. For example:

This program is for a 1.0" diameter hole with a cutter diameter of 0.500" and a thread pitch of 0.125 (8TPI). This program positions itself in Absolute G90 and then switches to G91 Incremental mode on line N7.

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