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It’s best to use cobalt drill bits to drill strong metals and steel as they have great impact resistance. Examples of such surfaces include some types of cast iron and stainless steel.

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M2 is softer than M42, but M2 has better hardness. This is why M2 works well on tasks that have a greater chance of edge chipping. Despite this, the M10 HSS drill bits are ideal for burning tools.

Drill bits and cutting instruments can come in various lengths, sizes, and designs. They use spinning movements to work with drills so that the tools can make holes in a project.

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Metal drill bits are strong, durable, and powerful, being made of hardened metals, allowing them to slice through some of the toughest surfaces and materials in order to be drilling holes in hard metals and other tough materials.

We’ll cover more about Cobalt drill bits and HSS drill bits in this article, including what they are and the pros and cons of each component, and what gives them a cutting edge when drilling metal or other materials with high hardness.

You can use cobalt alloy drill bits to drill chrome steel. They are different from drill bits made from titanium as they contain a solid alloy and sometimes appointed HSS.

Hardness, or the resistance to indentation or damage, is a very valuable trait in metals. Steelmakers can increase the strength of a material through different processes known as hardening. Steel hardening was common as early as the Greeks who used surface colors of the steel to determine quenching temperatures, a technique that was used up until the turn of the 20th century. Early smiths used a lot of “magic” to perfect their personal hardening techniques, often using quenching agents such as “dragons blood” or “dew of a May morning”. Luckily, today’s hardening techniques are based solely on science and not as much trial and error. There are two main types of hardening: case hardening, also known as surface, and through hardening.

For nail making, iron ore was heated with carbon to form a dense spongy mass of metal which was then fashioned into the shape of square rods and left to cool.

HSS drill bits can drill through light metal, plastic, and wood. Despite this, the process will take longer, which is why the drill bit might start to burn up.

Cobalt and HSS (High-Speed Steel) are two examples of common drill bits used today, though people differ as to which one is the better choice.

Types of hardening process

Cobalt alloys are usually durable and can handle high temperatures well. They also have great thermal welding ability and a greater strength level.

HSS drill bits are treated with a Cobalt coating to make them stronger, but this coating won’t be as beneficial as standard cobalt drill bits.

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These mix carbon steel with vanadium and chromium, as well as other substances, which helps to make them less brittle, and ensures that they can cut through metal and other elements with less resistance than usual.

Types of hardened steel

This allows them to drill at higher speeds, so they are often used to make holes in lighter metals like copper, iron, brass, aluminum alloy, and steel.

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Drill bits are very significant when it comes to industrial work, like when creating holes in wood, metal, diamond, and other hard materials that do not break easily.

Because through hardening has no effect on mild steel (<0.25% carbon), the material must be case or surface hardened. In a process known as carburizing, a chemically reactive source of carbon adheres to the mild steel during heating at a high temperature. Notably, the carbon source can be gas, liquid, or solid. Finally, after quenching, a hard surface layer, known as a “case”, will form. The most common depth is in the range 0.020”-0.030”. Importantly, the process results in increased hardness on the outside of the material; however, the low carbon core remains relatively soft. The outside is very hard but very brittle; however, the inside is soft and ductile. This combination is the best of both worlds. As a result, case hardened metals contain higher fracture hardness than through hardened steel.

However, if the opening becomes too big or deep, the drill bit will start to burn up, slowing down the overall drilling rate.

This makes them great for those that need tools to use in different types of production environment to create a pilot hole for various screws.

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This makes them harder than HSS, allowing them to cut into more difficult materials, like stainless steel and red-hardened steel.

You can also use HSS drill bits on plastic. HSS drill bits can be used on wood if you haven’t got any other bits on hand.

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What is hardening process in heat treatment

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You will need particular tools and equipment to drill properly, which is why it’s important to ensure you’re selecting the right drill bit for your task.

High-speed steel’s precise nature also drills 40% faster and uses 50% less pressure compared to standard steel. The drill bits also contain carbon and iron to make the drill bit tough and robust.

Through hardening occurs via heat treatment of medium and high carbon steels (>0.25% carbon). First, ovens heat the steel above its critical temperature, which lies between 1500°F-1900°F depending on alloy. Second, the material is cooled rapidly by dunking the material in water or oil in a process known as quenching. Finally, following quenching, tempering or annealing by reheating eliminates excess brittleness in the material. This process results in increased hardness throughout the material. Consequently, the increased hardness also leads to increased brittleness. In fact, the relatively brittle metal can fracture under impact or shock loads.

Higher quality HSS are made with more tungsten carbide steel and vanadium. This makes them last longer and stand up to wear and tear better than your usual HSS.

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Hardened steel material list

Many of these have self-centering angles which prevent the drill bit from wandering, which is great when working with soft materials.

The cutting side on HSS drill bits can start to become blunt by those who use hand drills, though this is usually down to misalignment.

As high-strength stainless steel is strong and has better heat resistance, a lot of industries have started to choose HSS over carbon steel.