Metric drill bit sizes define the diameter of the bit in terms of standard metric lengths. Standards organizations define sets of sizes that are conventionally manufactured and stocked. For example, British Standard BS 328 defines 230 sizes from 0.2 mm to 25.0 mm.

In smaller sizes, bits are available in smaller diameter increments. This reflects both the smaller drilled hole diameter tolerance possible on smaller holes and the wishes of designers to have drill bit sizes available within at most 10% of an arbitrary hole size.

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The shortest standard-length drills (that is, lowest length-to-diameter ratio) are screw-machine-length drills (sometimes abbreviated S/M). They are named for their use in screw machines. Their shorter flute length and shorter overall length compared to a standard jobber bit results in a more rigid drill bit, reducing deflection and breakage. They are rarely available in retail hardware stores or home centers.

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Metric dimensioning is routinely used for drill bits of all types, although the details of BS 328 apply only to twist drill bits. For example, a set of Forstner bits may contain 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mm diameter cutters.

ANSI B94.11M-1979 sets size standards for jobber-length straight-shank twist drill bits from 1/64 inch through 1 inch in 1/64 inch increments. For Morse taper-shank drill bits, the standard continues in 1/64 inch increments up to 1¾ inch, then 1/32 inch increments up to 2¼ inch, 1/16 inch increments up to 3 inches, 1/8 inch increments up to 3¼ inches, and a single 1/4 inch increment to 3½ inches. One aspect of this method of sizing is that the size increment between drill bits becomes larger as bit sizes get smaller: 100% for the step from 1/64 to 1/32, but a much smaller percentage between 1 47/64 and 1 3/4.

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The term jobber refers to a wholesale distributor—a person or company that buys from manufacturers and sells to retailers.[citation needed] Manufacturers producing drill bits "for the trade" (as opposed to for specialized machining applications with particular length and design requirements) made ones of medium length suitable for a wide variety of jobs, because that was the type most desirable for general distribution. Thus, at the time that the name of jobber-length drill bits became common, it reflected the same concept that names like general-purpose and multipurpose reflect.[citation needed]

Number drill bit gauge sizes range from size 80 (the smallest) to size 1 (the largest) followed by letter gauge size A (the smallest) to size Z (the largest). Although the ASME B94.11M twist drill standard, for example, lists sizes as small as size 97, sizes smaller than 80 are rarely encountered in practice.

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Drill bits are the cutting tools of drilling machines. They can be made in any size to order, but standards organizations have defined sets of sizes that are produced routinely by drill bit manufacturers and stocked by distributors.

Drill bit sizes are written as irreducible fractions. So, instead of 78/64 inch, or 1 14/64 inch, the size is noted as 1 7/32 inch.

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Jobber-length drills are the most commonly found type of drill. The length of the flutes is between 9 and 14 times the diameter of the drill, depending on the drill size. So a 1/2 in (12.7 mm) diameter drill will be able to drill a hole 4+1/2 in (114.3 mm) deep, since it is 9 times the diameter in length. A 1/8 in (3.175 mm) diameter drill can drill a hole 1+5/8 in (41.275 mm) deep, since it is 13 times the diameter in flute length.[3]

Below is a chart providing the decimal-fraction equivalents that are most relevant to fractional-inch drill bit sizes (that is, 0 to 1 by 64ths). (Decimal places for .25, .5, and .75 are shown to thousandths [.250, .500, .750], which is how machinists usually think about them ["two-fifty", "five hundred", "seven-fifty"]. Machinists generally truncate the decimals after thousandths; for example, a 27/64" drill bit may be referred to in shop-floor speech as a "four-twenty-one drill".)

Both single and double-cut carbide burrs come in a variety of sizes and shapes. Ideally, it’s best to get a set of burrs that includes different shapes and sizes, so that you can have the right tools for a variety of jobs. The size of the carbide burr will impact the speed at which it works. You can test different speeds for individual jobs, but it is recommended to start at a slow speed and increase slightly as you go. Using a speed that is too slow will cause a jagged finish and could allow the flutes to get clogged.

With any kind of carbide burr, use light pressure to avoid damaging the material or the burr itself. Use a steady motion, rather than starting and stopping, to achieve the best finish. Always end a job with an upstroke, to ensure the finish is as smooth as possible.

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The price and availability of particular size bits does not change uniformly across the size range. Bits at size increments of 1 mm are most commonly available, and lowest price. Sets of bits in 1 mm increments might be found on a market stall. In 0.5 mm increments, any hardware store. In 0.1 mm increments, any engineers' store. Sets are not commonly available in smaller size increments, except for drill bits below 1 mm diameter. Drill bits of the less routinely used sizes, such as 2.55 mm, would have to be ordered from a specialist drill bit supplier. This subsetting of standard sizes is in contrast to general practice with number gauge drill bits, where it is rare to find a set on the market which does not contain every gauge.

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Number and letter sizes are commonly used for twist drill bits rather than other drill forms, as the range encompasses the sizes for which twist drill bits are most often used.

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A 3D printer is a CNC machine for prototyping and manufacturing, so it is even in the same family as CNC machine tools such as mills, lathes, and so forth.

The image shows a long-series drill compared to its diametric equivalents, all are 11⁄32 inch (8.7313 mm) in diameter. The equivalent Morse taper drill shown in the middle is of the usual length for a taper-shank drill. The lower drill bit is the jobber or parallel shank equivalent.

Number and letter gauge drill bits are still in common use in the U.S. and to a lesser extent the UK, where they have largely been supplanted by metric sizes. Other countries that formerly used the number series have for the most part also abandoned these in favour of metric sizes.[citation needed]

The gauge-to-diameter ratio is not defined by a formula; it is based on—but is not identical to—the Stubs Steel Wire Gauge, which originated in Britain during the 19th century.[2] The accompanying graph illustrates the change in diameter with change in gauge, as well as the reduction in step size as the gauge size decreases. Each step along the horizontal axis is one gauge size.

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Extended-reach or long-series drills are commonly called aircraft-length from their original use in manufacturing riveted aluminum aircraft. For bits thicker than a minimum size such as 1⁄8-inch (3.175 mm), they are available in fixed lengths such as 6, 8, 12 or 18 inches (152, 203, 305 or 457 mm) rather than the progressive lengths of jobber drills.

The two most common cuts of carbide burrs are single and double. Single cut—or one-flute burrs—have a spiral flute, sometimes called an upcut. Single-cut carbide burrs are typically used for milling, deburring, and cleaning of ferrous metals, stainless steel, cast iron, and hardened steel. Double-cut carbide burrs have two flutes. They are sometimes referred to as diamond-cut or crosscut. Typically, double-cut carbide burrs create a smoother finish and can be used on ferrous and non-ferrous metals. They are also used for any non-metal materials, like wood, plastic, and ceramics. Matching the appropriate cut to the job will ensure you get the finish you want without damaging the material.

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Spotting drills are available in a relatively small range of sizes, both metric and imperial, as their purpose is to provide a precise spot for guiding a standard twist drill. Commonly available sizes are 1/8", 1/4", 3/8", 1/2", 5/8", 3/4", 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm and 18 mm. The drills are most ordinarily available with either 90° or 120° included angle points.

In the U.S., fractional inch and gauge drill bit sizes are in common use. In nearly all other countries, metric drill bit sizes are most common, and all others are anachronisms or are reserved for dealing with designs from the US. The British Standards on replacing gauge size drill bits with metric sizes in the UK was first published in 1959. [citation needed]

Fractional-inch drill bit sizes are still in common use in the United States and in any factory (around the globe) that makes inch-sized products for the U.S. market.

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If your work involves shaping, grinding, or cutting, especially with air tools, then you know the importance of carbide burrs. They are used to work on a number of materials, from steel, iron, and titanium to wood, ceramics, and fiberglass. Carbide burrs, which are also sometimes called die grinder bits or rotary files, come in a variety of shapes, allowing you to match the carbide burr to the specific job. Here is what you need to know about using them in your project.

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Center drills are available with two different included angles; 60 degrees is the standard for drilling centre holes (for example for subsequent centre support in the lathe), but 90 degrees is also common and used when locating holes prior to drilling with twist drills. Center drills are made specifically for drilling lathe centers, but are often used as spotting drills because of their radial stiffness.