The ability to identify an existing or potential problem. It is not about solving the problem, but only about recognizing its presence.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods, materials and tools involved in the construction, maintenance and repair of houses, buildings, or infrastructures such as highways and roads.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, procedures and practices for personnel recruitment, selection, hiring, training, deploying, compensation and benefits, labour relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.

Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations or standards.

3. Place the tap into the hole, lubricate freely and ensure that the tap is at 90° to the job. Commence turning in a clockwise direction while maintaining a 90° angle up to ¾ of a turn or 1 turn. Once the tap becomes tight to turn, back off half a turn to break the chips.

This section displays the various competencies required for an occupation. Each category displays up to 10 descriptors in descending order based, firstly, on their attributed ratings by the level of proficiency (for Skills and Abilities) or importance (for Personal Attributes) and secondly, in alphabetical order. The whole list of descriptors and their ratings can be expanded at the bottom of each page.

Realistic occupations are characterized by the dominance of activities that entail the explicit, ordered or systematic manipulation of objects, tools, machines and animals. Many of these occupations do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

The capability to systematically assess products, services or processes using measurable indicators with the goal of ensuring or improving performance.

Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.

• The taper tap which has a long taper ground onto 7-9 threads to allow easier starting, and can be used to completely thread a through hole (The tap shown at (E) above is a taper tap),

• The bottoming or plug tap which is used to finish the process of threading a blind hole and is only tapered for the first 1 – 1.5 threads.

The capability to plan and manage the purchase, inventory, warehousing, transportation, or distribution of products or materials and their use.

The job requires wearing common protective or safety equipment such as safety shoes, glasses, gloves, hard hats, or life jackets.

In general terms, the English have a system for fine and coarse threads (Whitworth and BSF), the Americans have a similar system of fine and coarse threads (UNF and UNC) but here in Australia our current standard is metric.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, materials, and equipment for sourcing, raising, fishing, hunting, managing, monitoring, or preserving stored sustainable animal resources and wildlife conservation.

The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, materials, and equipment for sourcing, processing, and managing harvested forestry resources, and monitoring and preserving sustainable forestry resources.

The quality of developing one's own way of doing things, guiding oneself with little or no supervision, and depending on oneself to get things done.

Knowledge of concepts and principles of religious and philosophical systems, and of fundamental questioning of existence, reason, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices and their impact on individuals, human culture and society.

Knowledge of concepts and principles of the human anatomy, organic systems, biomedical sciences, genetics, and of procedures, techniques and tools needed to diagnose and treat injuries and diseases, to restore and maintain physical health by the prevention and treatment.

The ability to discern which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to estimate the distance between you and an object.

The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.

The job requires to compete against co-workers or to be aware of competitive pressure between them or between businesses within the same industry.

Manoeuvring, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.

The capability to plan, organize, direct, control or monitor financial resources and activities and account for the use of theses resources to ensure their utilization are conform to the objectives and purposes.

The OaSIS uses the Holland Codes to describe the work-related interests. According to the Holland model, people work best in work environments that match their preferences, which means that people and work environments can be matched for a best fit. Occupational environments in Holland’s theory are described according to a combination of main interests and the activities they represent. There are six interests in the Holland typology: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional. All occupations in OaSIS have up to three interests assigned to them.

The capability to give full attention to what other people are saying, take time to understand the points being made, ask questions as appropriate, and not interrupt at inappropriate times.

The ability to think visually about geometric forms, comprehend the two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional objects and recognize the relationships resulting from the movement of objects in space.

Provide guidance and direction to subordinates, including the establishment of work outcomes for performance monitoring.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods, and techniques for understanding material quality, physical characteristics, composition, structure, and natural systems, and the evolution of earth, ocean, and atmosphere phenomena.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, and tools applied for the development, use, repair and maintenance of electronic and electrical products and devices.

Knowledge of the composition, structure, and properties of chemical substances including their interactions, transformations and use, as well as the production techniques, risk factors, and disposal methods.

Knowledge of parts, standards, and functioning of machines, vehicles, equipment or tools, and techniques used for their repair or maintenance.

Back when I was in high school a mates' father made him a laboratory stand to go with some chemical apparatus he had bought to do chemical stuff at home with, the stand was a rod which screwed into a steel base. The fact that his father had threaded the end of the rod and the inside of the plate were a revelation to me, up until then I thought it was an industrial process that you couldn’t replicate at home. That was the start of my interest in metal working!

6. Back the stock and die off slightly to break the first chips, then continue turning, backing off about 3/8 of a turn after each quarter turn of the stock and die. If you fail to do this the chips will curl up inside the die, ruining the thread.

4. Position the face of the die onto the rod, apply lubrication and ensuring the stock and die are at 90° to the rod, apply a moderate amount of pressure and turn clockwise until the die starts to grip and cut a thread.

The job requires maintaining pace with the speed of the equipment, machines, or computers. This does not refer to always being occupied while in the position.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, processes, and functioning of governments and political systems for the establishment and implementation of policies, rules, regulations, and executive orders.

Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate on electrical or electronic principles.

The quality of being able to remain calm, without being carried away by stress situations and to deal effectively with such situations.

The ability to identify or detect a known pattern such as a figure, object, word, or sound that is hidden in other information or material.

The capability to analyze information among a set of alternatives, to evaluate potential outcome and choose the most appropriate solutions to achieve a predetermined objective.

Work characteristics gathers the various components describing the work environment of each occupation, such as employers, work activities, and the work context. Each category displays up to 10 descriptors in descending order based, firstly, on their attributed ratings by the level of complexity (for Work Activities) or other measurement dimensions (for Work Context), and secondly, in alphabetical order. The whole list of descriptors and their ratings can be expanded at the bottom of each page.

Die – the metal cutter used to apply a thread to a metal bar. Generally dies are split and have a screw which allows them to be adjusted slightly (C), but some of the cheaper sets have dies without the split (D).

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, materials, and equipment for sourcing, processing, managing, monitoring or preserving mineral and metals resources.

The ability to coordinate two or more limbs, such as two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm, while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.

Investigative occupations are characterized by the dominance of activities that entail the observation and systematic or creative investigation of physical, biological, or cultural phenomena. These occupations require an extensive amount of thinking and frequently involve working with ideas, searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally.

The quality of coming up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop original ways to solve a problem.

Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization (excluding non-recruitment interviews).

Knowledge of concepts and principles of learning and readiness to learn, and of methods for guiding, advising, directing and supporting career or personal goals for the individuals or groups to gain experience and improve competencies.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, materials, and equipment for planting, growing, harvesting, storing or preserving plants and plant-sourced food products.

The quality of adapting oneself to expected or unexpected changes and different situations while continuing to achieve past or renewed goals.

I f too much pressure is applied the tap will easily break. There are proprietary tap removers available but if you have access to the back side of the job it is best to pick a pin punch just below the size of the hole, support the job firmly and knock the tap straight back out of the hole with the punch and an engineer’s hammer. Part of the threads will be damaged but the job will re-tap surprisingly well.

Using mechanisms or physical activity to control the operation of machines or processes (excluding computers or vehicles).

Identifying information by categorizing, recognizing differences or similarities, measuring, investigating, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.

The quality of contributing and working cooperatively while being supportive and inclusive of others to achieve a common goal.

1. Where possible, a tapping drill the right size should be used. Note, a clearance drill is the outside diameter of the thread which allows a bolt to be inserted through the hole without catching the thread. A tapping drill more or less the inside diameter of the nut. If the tapping drill is too small for the tap the tap will bind and break, if it is too large the threads will be too week and may strip out. The appropriate size is usually stamped on the tap, otherwise consult the manufacturer’s tables for the correct drill size.

The ability to choose quickly between one or more movements with the hand, finger, or foot in response to the appearance of two or more different signals such as lights, sounds, or images.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, materials, and equipment for sourcing, processing, managing, monitoring or preserving water resources such as rivers, lakes, oceans, and underground aquifers.

The capability to select and use training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.

Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.

Knowledge of administrative concepts, principles, methods, procedures and practices for the functioning of the daily office operations.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods and techniques of creation, production, distribution or dissemination of written, oral, audiovisual or visual communications.

To avoid broken taps and crappy threads it is important to use a lubricant on all tapping and threading operations. In most cases a light machine oil (eg sewing machine oil) will do the trick or even a vegetable oil or motor oil if that is what is available.

Employment requirements includes the education, training, certifications and the knowledge required to work in each occupation. The Knowledge category displays up to 10 descriptors in descending order based, firstly, on their attributed ratings by the level of proficiency, and secondly, in alphabetical order. The whole list of Knowledge descriptors and their ratings can be expanded at the bottom of each page.

Stock – the tool which holds the die and allows it to be turned while threading the end of the bar (A).Tap – the tool used to cut an internal thread on a predrilled hole. Taps bought separately come in sets of three for each size of hole:

The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing and adapting the writing style to the audience so that they can understand.

Knowledge of vocabulary, grammar structure and rules, spelling, and pronunciation of words in one or both official languages, Indigenous languages, and non-official languages.

Performing physical activities that require use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.

The capability to understand written information presented through words, sentences, paragraphs, symbols, and images in work-related documents.

The job requires being exposed to ionizing radiation such as X-rays and radioactive substances or non-ionizing radiation such as radio frequencies and infrared, ultraviolet or visible light that may affect health adversely.

The ability to understand the meaning, precise use, associated ideas, and relationships of spoken words; and to use them in the proper context when presenting information or ideas.

The quality of alternative thinking to develop new products or services to make improvement or to develop a new approach.

3. Insert the die into the stock and secure with the retaining screw. Ensure that the die has the face which is stamped with its size etc. towards the job as this is there the lead-in is always ground i.e. the blank face of the die goes against the stock.

7. Continue this process until the desired length has been tapped then remove the die and careful wipe the threads clean.

2. Secure the rod in an upright position using an engineer’s vice such that it cannot turn when pressure from the die is applied.

The capability to replace, restore or adjust defective or deficient components in equipment, machines, and technical systems and test for function, appearance, operation and safety.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, processes, techniques, and tools for technological and digital systems, devices and products, such as hardware or software development, assembling, programming, use, troubleshooting or maintenance.

The job requires wearing specialized protective or safety equipment such as breathing apparatus, safety harness, full protection suits, or radiation protection.

The capability to understand, use and report numbers and other mathematical information presented through words, numbers, symbols, and graphics.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods and techniques of production and transformation, including manual and mechanical processes.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, functioning and processes of the provincial-territorial, federal or international legal systems for the establishment, implementation and application of laws, legal codes and documents, and court procedures.

Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.

The job requires being exposed to contaminants, such as pollutants, gases or dust, through inhalation, ingestion, or contact with skin.

The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble small objects.

The capability to organize people or groups by adjusting activities in relation to others' activities so that they work effectively as a whole.

• The intermediate tap which is used in a blind hole once the threading process has been commenced with the taper tap to carry on the process, it has 3 – 5 threads ground to a taper. The intermediate tap allows a deeper through hole to be tapped and prepare the bling hole for a plug tap  and

Knowledge of concepts, principles, processes, techniques and tools of the transmission of information via wire, radio, optical fiber or other electromagnetic system for the use, repair, maintenance, control, or operation of telecommunications systems.

Knowledge of concepts, principles and practices of managing business operations such as strategic planning, resource allocation, production management, and coordination of people and activities.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods, and applications of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, differential and integral calculus, probability, and statistics.

The capability to set up, adjust, install and assemble equipment, machines, parts or to prepare them for their functioning and use.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, practices, and equipment for physical fitness and for managing and providing recreational, leisure and fitness program or services.

The capability to use logic and reasoning to question, discern, interpret and analyze various types of information to form an evidence-based conclusion or judgment.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, and tools in the classification, storage, retrieval, display and management of documentation and records in various media, museum artifacts or works of fine art.

The capability to communicate in writing by using written words, sentences, paragraphs, symbols, and images and adapted for the needs of the audience.

Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software), and equipment with digital interface to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, process information, or control machines.

Knowledge of concepts and principles of living organisms including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution and classification and their interdependencies and interactions with each other and the environment, as well as safe and ethical handling methods and techniques.

The capability to determine how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.

The capacity to design and develop layouts for the construction of objects, equipment, machinery, structures, or engineering systems (excluding software and hardware).

The capacity to design, develop, adapt, or integrate hardware, software applications, electronic devices or digital technologies while adhering to cybersecurity standards.

The job requires using your hands to handle, control, or feel objects, tools, or controls (excluding mouse and keyboard).

The ability to move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects or tools.

The job requires being exposed to conditions that involves risks of accidents such as high voltage electricity, flammable material, or explosives.

Screw Pitch Gauge – where there is a requirement to match existing threads on, say a bolt is to be screwed into the newly threaded hole, the pitch of the existing thread must be measured using this tool (F) so the tap can be matched to the bolt.

This page includes information from the O*NET 27.2 Database by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA). Used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. Employment and Social Development Canada has modified all or some of this information. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.

Sharing or providing information or advice to management, supervisors, co-workers and subordinates on work related topics.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, regulations, procedures and practices of public safety and security operations and systems for the protection of people, data and properties.

The capability to perform maintenance on equipment, devices, building or machinery to keep them in functional and to prevent damage or failures.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods and practices for budgeting, storing, tracking, controlling, analyzing, and reporting on financial transactions.

The job requires working near or with equipment, instruments, machinery, or power/hand tools that may be a potential source of accident or injury.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, and practices of providing services and support to satisfy clients' requirements and needs.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, fundamental properties, and laws that govern space, time, energy and matter and of equipment and methods required to study and apply the interactions of objects including atoms, particles and celestial bodies.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, practices, techniques and tools for the prevention, care, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases, disorders and injuries, and the maintenance of wellbeing of animals.

The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information during the same time period (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).

5. Drill the hole to the depth required using a firm and even pressure, preferably with a sharp drill. Using a blunt drill may cause the surface of the hole to work harden and result in the tap being difficult to turn or even breaking off.6. Drilling the hole out will leave a raised edge on the underside of the hole which can cause cuts. It can be removed by turning an oversize drill in the entrance of the hole by hand.

Personal characteristics that are innate and developed through the social context and personal experiences to which the individual is exposed. These qualities influence the way one is and does things and are considered valuable assets for work performance.

Knowledge of the parts and functioning of vehicles, machinery or equipment, and of techniques and practices for their safe and efficient use.

Generating innovative or creative ideas to develop or design new application, products, including artistic contributions.

Conventional occupations are characterized by the dominance of activities that entail following sets of procedures and routines. These activities may include systematic manipulation of data, such as keeping records, filing materials, reproducing materials, organizing written and numerical data according to a prescribed plan, and operating business and data processing. They often require following a clear line of authority and usually involve working with data and details more than with ideas.

Knowledge of concepts and principles of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services and the methods of analysis including simulation and forecasting techniques.

The quality of pro-actively looking to understand the implications of new information in the current and changing workplace.

5. On a through hole keep tapping until the tap turns free within the hole ie the tapered section has passed fully through the hole.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques and tools or equipment for managing facilities and providing food, accommodation or tourism services with the focus on client experience.

The capability to identify problems and review related information to develop solutions or feasible options to achieve the desired end state.

The capability to understand and use digital devices and tools to obtain, exchange, create or process digital information in a secure manner.

Knowledge of technical design concepts, principles, methods, techniques, and tools involved in the creation and production of technical plans, blueprints, drawings or models.

The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object.

To increase the types of dishes which I could cook in my fireless cooker I had some steel heating plates made up the right size to fit into the bottom, underneath the pots. The question was how to fit them into the cooker once it was heated? The answer which I came up with was to drill a hole in the centre and tap it, then thread the end of some steel rod the right size so I could screw it in and pick up the heated plate, lift it into the hole and then unscrew it, leaving it in place.

• The coarser the thread the easier to tap, keep clean and get the bolt to screw in and out. It is best for thick materials. Due to the heating and cooling of the steel I selected a coarser thread to reduce the likelihood of binding.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, techniques, practices and tools for determining consumer behaviour and needs, developing business opportunities and promoting and selling products and services.

The job requires being exposed to elevated places such as poles, scaffolding, catwalks, or ladders longer than two meters in length.

Using hands and arms to install, fabricate and, repair objects; or to move or manipulate objects and materials (excluding construction occupations).

The ability to exert your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods for understanding human social interaction and structures, and events throughout time and their effects on civilizations, cultures and environment.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods, and procedures for assessment, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, counseling or guidance to address neurological and cognitive processes, behaviours, and disorders or to maintain balanced mental health and well-being.

4. Continue on cutting the thread, backing off each eighth or quarter of a turn, lubricate if the tap is getting tight. If you are tapping metal greater than double the thickness of the tap, remove the tap regularly and wipe the threads free of swarf.

If there is no need to match an existing bolt or other thread then the choice of thread will be comparatively simple and so long as the thread on the tap and the die match things will pretty much work. Having said that there are couple of thoughts to bear in mind when selecting a thread –

Tap Wrench – The bar type tap wrench (B) has central jaws to hold the tap and side bars which allow the tap to be turned during threading operations. There is also a smaller tee type wrench (G) which has an adjustable chuck on the end of step and a tee handle.

The capability to be aware of others' reactions, unspoken communication, body language cues and feelings and discern the reasons behind their behaviours.

Servicing, repairing, adjusting, or testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate on mechanical principles.

Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.

The capability to recruit, train, motivate, develop and direct employees, identify the best person for the tasks to be performed and establish their work objectives in relation to the objectives of the organization.

2. Also where possible, to ensure the drill is maintained at 90° to the work, it is best to use a bench or pedestal drill.

Knowledge of the concepts, principles, methods and practices of instructing individuals and groups, designing educational curriculum and measuring learning outcome.

The job requires being confronted with disputes or disagreements with or between customers, employees, or other parties.

The job requires being exposed to sound and noise levels that are distracting or uncomfortable, regardless of the equipment used by the workers.

The job requires working inside a building where the temperature and humidity are not controlled (e.g., warehouse without heat).

The ability to compare, quickly and accurately, similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time, one after the other, or with a remembered object.

Motor vehicle defects inspectors examine automobiles and trucks to ensure that they conform to government and industry standards and regulations.

The impact on the organization or colleagues of the decisions made by the worker (a decision should be understood as a conclusion or resolution reached after consideration).

The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions, which includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events.

The capability to determine causes of operating errors in equipment, machinery, or technological systems and decide how to resolve the issues.

Tracking and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment to detect or assess problems and progress.

If you should break off a tap in a blind hole, please accept our sympathies, you are on your own! You could try a tap extractor and we wish you the best of luck.

Knowledge of concepts, principles and techniques of artistic expression required to create, compose or produce visual, applied, performing or literary art.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, infrastructures and processes for planning, organizing and coordinating the transportation of people and animals or for the acquisition, transportation, and storage of goods and resources.

The capability to participate in, or facilitate communication between parties, in order to resolve differences, and reach a mutually acceptable or viable agreement.

The job requires the worker to make decisions that affect other people, the financial resources, and/or the image and reputation of the organization.

Knowledge of concepts, principles, methods, practices and strategies of monitoring the development, delivery and quality of products, programs or services.

The capability to monitor and assess the performance of yourself, other individuals or the organization to make improvements or take corrective action.

The job requires working outdoors, protected from variations in weather conditions and seasonal weather patterns by a covered space (e.g., structure with roof but no walls).

Sharing or exchanging information with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government or other external sources.

The extent to which the job is structured for the worker, rather than allowing the worker to determine tasks, priorities, and goals.

• The finer the thread the more contact between the thread faces resulting in a stronger grip without reducing the diameter of the bolt unduly.

The ability to exert short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), to throw an object, or to apply force with a tool.

The capability to watch gauges, dials, digital displays or other indicators to ensure a machine or piece of equipment is working according to specifications.