Strategy millreview

Since industrial end mills must cut through metal, these cutters typically consist of very strong, hard materials. They may utilize high strength steel, steel alloys containing high percentages of cobalt, cutters coated with powdered metal cobalt, cutters with tungsten carbide tips and even solid carbide. Some manufacturers rely upon end mills specially fabricated to accept different interchangeable types of durable cutting blades. Inserts composed of specialized ceramic or diamond cutters assist some end mill operations, for instance.

Milling constitutes a machining process widely used in manufacturing operations, including woodworking and metal working. During the milling of metal parts, a fabricator shapes and forms a work piece using rotary cutters to remove material selectively. This process frequently contributes to the production of industrial metal components. Today, it usually occurs in conjunction with automation, especially within high volume production environments.

Ultimately, the term "mill" was chosen both in reference to the original card and because it was already so popular as an informal term—it has permeated into other games and some dictionaries, despite the oblique etymology. It was first introduced as a keyword action on the Mystery Booster test card Truth or Dare (To mill, put the top card of that library into its owner's graveyard), and was officially introduced on tournament-legal cards in Core Set 2021.[5] It was featured soon after as one of the many themes in Jumpstart.

"Self-mill" is the informal term of using mill on yourself in order to fill up your own graveyard or dig through your library. Both blue and black get self-mill both as an effect and a cost.[12]

Milling may occur using a wide variety of tools, ranging from manual tools to computer-assisted CNC machinery. The use of sophisticated computer number controlled fully automated equipment has become more widespread during high volume production in recent years. Ensuring adequate lubrication during high speed milling remains an important consideration, since the operation of end mills in industrial settings generates a lot of heat. Sometimes companies will automate many machining operations, but still conduct some specialized milling processes by hand; the nature of the metal component and the desired tolerances of a part may impact production operations.

End mills enjoy popularity in metal parts fabrication settings because they expedite the creation of uniform slots and pockets during the machining process. They ultimately facilitate the assembly of parts. More efficient, less wasteful, manufacturing results from their use.

End Mills: These milling cutters possess teeth across both an end cutting face and the sides of the cutter. They typically help shape and form cavities, slots and pockets.

Widely employed during machining in industrial settings, end mills enable manufacturers to shape and form slots and pockets within work pieces to meet specified parameters. These cutting tools remove material from the work piece, offering great assistance to machinists as they fashion metal molds and dies. Manufacturers have devised a great variety of useful end mills.

Numerous types of milling cutter tools assist the manufacturing process. All of them will remove material from a work piece in a rotary fashion. In the past, machinists typically classified milling cutters as either horizontally or vertically oriented cutting tools. Unlike drills, which also remove material from work pieces, milling cutters generally do not move forward along the cutting axis in only a single direction, but instead operate in a perpendicular direction to the axis of the cut.

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Corner Radius End Mill Cutters: This precision cutting tool uses a specified radius on the tip and fluted sides. Manufacturers employ corner radius end mills to cut away material rapidly for the preparation of molds and dies with slots or pockets fitting specific diameters.

Grind is an unused keyword and informal term for a variation of the milling mechanic which puts cards from a library into the graveyard until a specified number of land cards are put there.[13][14] It was originally designed as the Dimir mechanic for Gatecrash.[15] The mechanic was used without the keyword on several cards.[16]

There are two basic types of mill decks. The control deck looks to take over the game through killing the opponent's creatures and countering their spells, using milling as a hard-to-disrupt way to win the game; some actively mill by cards such as Nephalia Drownyard, and some do so passively, most notoriously with Elixir of Immortality like the champion's deck of Pro Tour Magic 2015. The second approach acts like a burn deck by playing primarily mill cards and looks to mill the opponent out as soon as possible.

Numerous applications exist in virtually every industry for end mills. These cutters greatly assist the production of dies and molds. They also promote easier assembly of manufactured equipment across diverse sectors by enabling manufacturers to form and shape pockets and slots of specific dimensions.

Even before it became a keyword action, milling was and still is essentially an evergreen mechanic, though never formally stated as such, as it appears in almost every set.

Ball End Cutters: These milling cutters cut away a specific, measured radius inside slots or grooves. The blade ends in a rounded tip making it suitable for use in the production of molds and dies which should not display sharp 90 degree angles.

Roughing End Mill Cutters: These tools remove large quantities of material from a work piece. Within a specified period of time, the blades make extensive cuts into the metal. They produce a coarsely textured surface inside slots or pockets.

Industrial engineers have developed a wide array of different types of milling cutters. A few of the most frequently used today include these broad categories:

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"Deck", as a verb, is used synonymously with mill, but more specifically when a player has the last cards in their library milled or goes to draw from an empty library. One aims to win through decking by milling, but does not necessarily need to mill in order to deck someone.

"Grind" is a variation of milling which puts cards from a player's library into their graveyard until a specified number of land cards are put there.

A broad spectrum of different specialized end mills assist metal parts fabrication today. Manufacturers can locate highly specialized end mills specially suited for specific types of milling tasks during machining, for instance. Some popular varieties of machining end mills include:

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The term "mill" originated with the card Millstone, which originally had the text ":Take the top two cards of target player's library and place them in target player's graveyard." As more cards were printed with the "put X cards from a player's library into their graveyard" effect, players began to call it "milling", and the term became accepted informally even by Wizards R&D.[2] The effect was used infrequently until Innistrad block when it saw a noticeable increase. As usage increased, R&D wanted to create an official keyword for this mechanic.[3] Although not officially stated, it is likely they did this for the same reason they have created other standard wording changes and keywords - to save space in the text box. During the development of Shadows over Innistrad, there was a point in which milling played a significant role in the design of the set, and the term “forget” was used for a while during its design.[4]

Mill is a keyword action used in Magic to describe the action of a player taking cards from the top of their library and putting them into their graveyard. For a player to mill N cards, they put the top N cards from their library into their graveyard. The term alludes to the card Millstone, which was first printed in Antiquities and was the first card to feature this mechanic.

Hollow Mills: These milling cutters formed in hollow thick-walled tubular dimensions contain interior cutting blades. They may help trim projections on complexly shaped work pieces, for example.

Gold milling

Face Mills: These cutters supply blades designed to shape and form the visible facing of a metal part. Typically, these heavy-duty cutting tools use disposable cutting blades which manufacturers replace as they wear out. Face mills can transform the texture of a surface.

With the release of Core Set 2021, all cards with a milling effect received an Oracle update to use the "mill" keyword. Milling does not include effects that instruct players to look at a card from the top of a library and then possibly move it to a graveyard.[6]

Course Profile End Mills: This specialized type of roughing end mill removes significant amounts of metal as cost-effectively as possible. Since the cutter can withstand repeated heavy use well, it enjoys popularity in busy machining environments.

Milling is a strategy some decks use which takes advantage of the decking rule.[7][8][9][10] Emptying the opponent's library is one way to ensure a victory, although they do not lose until they actually have to draw a card.

During former centuries, milling sometimes involved grinding materials placed beneath heavy rotating stones or cutting blades. With industrialization, fabricators mounted milling cutter blades on rotating spindles, allowing greater control over the milling process during mass production. Milling cutters today occur in a variety of sizes, shapes and dimensions, ranging from inserts used in hand held tools to cutting blades mounted within huge stationary machines. The milling process often occurs in conjunction with CNC automated production.

Cards that cause a player to mill have most often been found in blue (primary) or black (secondary), especially in the Dimir guild of the Ravnica blocks, though most of the earliest milling cards were artifacts. Green (tertiary) usually mills itself caring about what gets milled in some way, but on rare occasion, does that to all players.[11]

Slot Drills: These end mills strongly resemble corner radius end mill cutters. Equipped with at least one cutting tooth on the end permitting “plunging milling”, and fluted sides designed to allow the cutter to penetrate through material, they permit rapid slot cutting.