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In addition to this term's function as a compound noun, there are circumstances where noble is used as an adjective for the noun metal. A galvanic series is a hierarchy of metals (or other electrically conductive materials, including composites and semimetals) that runs from noble to active, and allows one to predict how materials will interact in the environment used to generate the series. In this sense of the word, graphite is more noble than silver and the relative nobility of many materials is highly dependent upon context, as for aluminium and stainless steel in conditions of varying pH.[5]

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Standard reduction potentials in aqueous solution are also a useful way of predicting the non-aqueous chemistry of the metals involved. Thus, metals with high negative potentials, such as sodium, or potassium, will ignite in air, forming the respective oxides. These fires cannot be extinguished with water, which also react with the metals involved to give hydrogen, which is itself explosive. Noble metals, in contrast, are disinclined to react with oxygen and, for that reason (as well as their scarcity) have been valued for millennia, and used in jewellery and coins.[20]

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The term noble metal can be traced back to at least the late 14th century[6] and has slightly different meanings in different fields of study and application.

In 2010, US researchers discovered that an organic "aqua regia" in the form of a mixture of thionyl chloride SOCl2 and the organic solvent pyridine C5H5N achieved "high dissolution rates of noble metals under mild conditions, with the added benefit of being tunable to a specific metal" for example, gold but not palladium or platinum.[11]

The black tarnish commonly seen on silver arises from its sensitivity to sulphur containing gases such as hydrogen sulfide:

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The expression noble metal is sometimes confined to copper, silver, and gold since their full d-subshells can contribute to their noble character.[12] There are also known to be significant contributions from how readily there is overlap of the d-electron states with the orbitals of other elements, particularly for gold.[13] Relativistic contributions are also important,[14] playing a role in the catalytic properties of gold.[15]

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The adjacent table lists standard reduction potential in volts;[21] electronegativity (revised Pauling); and electron affinity values (kJ/mol), for some metals and metalloids.

The simplified entries in the reaction column can be read in detail from the Pourbaix diagrams of the considered element in water. Noble metals have large positive potentials;[22] elements not in this table have a negative standard potential or are not metals.

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All the noble metals can act as catalysts. For example, platinum is used in catalytic converters, devices which convert toxic gases produced in car engines, such as the oxides of nitrogen, into non-polluting substances.[citation needed]

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Ruthenium can be dissolved in aqua regia, a highly concentrated mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, only when in the presence of oxygen, while rhodium must be in a fine pulverized form. Palladium and silver are soluble in nitric acid, while silver's solubility in aqua regia is limited by the formation of silver chloride precipitate.[8]

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Prior to Mendeleev's publication in 1869 of the first (eventually) widely accepted periodic table, Odling published a table in 1864, in which the "noble metals" rhodium, ruthenium, palladium; and platinum, iridium, and osmium were grouped together,[7] and adjacent to silver and gold.

Such nobility is mainly associated with the relatively high electronegativity values of the noble metals, resulting in only weakly polar covalent bonding with oxygen.[3] The table lists the melting points of the oxides of the noble metals, and for some of those of the non-noble metals, for the elements in their most stable oxidation states.

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In more specialized fields of study and applications the number of elements counted as noble metals can be smaller or larger. It is sometimes used for the three metals copper, silver, and gold which have filled d-bands, while it is often used mainly for silver and gold when discussing surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy involving metal nanoparticles. It is sometimes applied more broadly to any metallic or semimetallic element that does not react with a weak acid and give off hydrogen gas in the process. This broader set includes copper, mercury, technetium, rhenium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, polonium, gold, the six platinum group metals, and silver.

Rayner-Canham[4] contends that, "silver is so much more chemically-reactive and has such a different chemistry, that it should not be considered as a 'noble metal'." In dentistry, silver is not regarded as a noble metal due to its tendency to corrode in the oral environment.[23]

While lists of noble metals can differ, they tend to cluster around gold and the six platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum.

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Since the release of TOOL’s Fear Inoculum in 2019, TOOL fans have continued to grow hungry for whatever the band’s next musical endeavor might be. However, provided TOOL’s last album took over 13 years to release, there’s a certain level of precaution that comes with any news or hopes of new TOOL music arriving soon. After all, in the years leading up to Fear Inoculum TOOL kept giving fans false hopes of their shiny new album releasing, dating as far back as 2013.

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The relevance of the entry for water is addressed by Li et al.[24] in the context of galvanic corrosion. Such a process will only occur when:

That being said, TOOL’s band members have been fairly outspoken in recent years regarding their desire to release new music and in a more timely manner than their previous LP. In an interview back in 2022, TOOL drumer Danny Carey was discussing Fear Inoculum and the plans for new music stating, “I'm sure it won't take us this long for the next one. We even had some stuff left over from the last one that we'll develop. We have head starts on three or four new songs."

With all of this being said, there’s no concrete information on when TOOL plans to release new music or if they’ve even started recording new material, it’s all speculation. However, considering both Danny Carey and Justin Chancellor have been outspoken about these writing sessions as well as how they’d like to release music in a more timely matter, it’d only make sense if the band were in fact in the early stages of writing the next TOOL album. Time will only tell if this is true, and hopefully it won’t be 13 years time.

Rhenium reacts with oxidizing acids, and hydrogen peroxide, and is said to be tarnished by moist air. Osmium and iridium are chemically inert in ambient conditions.[9] Platinum and gold can be dissolved in aqua regia.[10] Mercury reacts with oxidising acids.[9]

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Copper, silver, gold, and the six platinum group metals are the only native metals that occur naturally in relatively large amounts.[citation needed]

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A noble metal is ordinarily regarded as a metallic element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in nature in its raw form. Gold, platinum, and the other platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium) are most often so classified. Silver, copper, and mercury are sometimes included as noble metals, but each of these usually occurs in nature combined with sulfur.

The superheavy elements from hassium (element 108) to livermorium (116) inclusive are expected to be "partially very noble metals"; chemical investigations of hassium has established that it behaves like its lighter congener osmium, and preliminary investigations of nihonium and flerovium have suggested but not definitively established noble behavior.[25] Copernicium's behaviour seems to partly resemble both its lighter congener mercury and the noble gas radon.[26]

The elements to the left of gold and silver have incompletely filled d-bands, which is believed to play a role in their catalytic properties. A common explanation is the d-band filling model of Hammer and Jens Nørskov,[16][17] where the total d-bands are considered, not just the unoccupied states.

Again, while this certainly does sound great and it paints an optimistic picture for new music arriving sooner than later, this info needs be take with a grain of salt. However, things do seem more optimistic than usual as TOOL bassist Justin Chancellor has also been on record in recent interviews stating his shared desire to release new music. The icing on top of all this new music speculation is Chancellor’s recent remarks regarding the band resuming writing sessions following their 2024 European tour, which only recently came to an end.

In an interview with Metal Hammer earlier this year, Chancellor stated “We put a little work in before this tour," Chancellor said referring to the band’s writing sessions. "We gave it a stab for a couple of months. We ended up compiling all the ideas we had; normally when we do that we start writing pretty soon after, but we had a lot of stuff coming up, so we didn't dive all the way in. When we're done with Europe, we're gonna dive back in during the second half of the year.”

Gold has many industrial applications; it is used as a catalyst in hydrogenation and the water gas shift reaction.[citation needed]

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Noble metals tend to be resistant to oxidation and other forms of corrosion, and this corrosion resistance is often considered to be a defining characteristic. Some exceptions are described below.

The low-energy plasmon properties are also of some importance, particularly those of silver and gold nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, localized surface plasmons and other plasmonic properties.[18][19]

The noble metals are siderophiles (iron-lovers). They tend to sink into the Earth's core because they dissolve readily in iron either as solid solutions or in the molten state. Most siderophile elements have practically no affinity whatsoever for oxygen: indeed, oxides of gold are thermodynamically unstable with respect to the elements.

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Many of the noble metals are used in alloys for jewelry or coinage. In dentistry, silver is not always considered a noble metal because it is subject to corrosion when present in the mouth. All the metals are important heterogeneous catalysts.

If these remarks are the icing atop all this news, then Chancellors recent instagram post might be the cherry on top. With the caption “Vacation is over...” Chancellor’s post showcases two of his signature basses in their touring cases in what looks like might be a rehearsal or recording space. Referring back to Chancellor original comments on how the band plans to pickup writing sessions following their European tour, this post could very well be Chancellor’s way of showing without telling that the band is in fact back in the writing process.

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IRWINDALE, CA- August 6: Vocalist Maynard James Keenan with Tool on the Lollapalooza tour on August ... [+] 6, 1993 at the Santa Fe Dam in Irwindale, California. (Photo: Lindsay Brice/Getty Images)