The crux of the case against motion smoothing is that it can result in unnatural motion, which in its worst instances is often referred to as the ‘soap opera effect’. It can be hard to put your finger on precisely why this sort of motion looks ‘wrong’, but there’s generally a feeling of over-sharpening, things moving artificially fast, and/or odd artefacts appearing around fast-moving objects.

Thankfully, it is actually quite easy to turn motion smoothing off by flicking through the picture settings menu until you find an option with 'motion' in the name - we've listed the name (or names) each manufacturer uses below.

Among commonly machined materials, aluminum has one of the highest cutting speeds. This is due to its low hardness and high machinability, allowing for faster cutting without excessive tool wear or heat generation. Compared to harder materials like steel or titanium, aluminum allows CNC machines to operate at much higher speeds, improving productivity and efficiency. By selecting the appropriate cutting speed based on the material’s properties, machinists can maintain tool longevity and surface finish quality, contributing to smoother and faster machining operations.

Three main factors affect feed rate: the type of cutting tool, the material being machined, and the desired surface finish. Each of these plays a significant role in how fast the tool can engage with the material and how much material is removed per pass.

Sony is the odd one out here, because its motion smoothing is generally so good it’s worth leaving switched on. The setting is called Motionflow, and in most cases it’s set to Standard by default. In our experience the result is a degree of sharpening and smoothing that retains the image's natural look and doesn’t introduce artefacts.

Spindle speed calculator

To further optimize feed rate and cutting speed, modern CNC machines implement advanced techniques that enhance machining performance and tool life.

The success of CNC machining hinges on understanding these cutting and feeding motions, and in this article, we’ll break down their roles and explain how they impact overall performance.

TPI (threads per inch) refers to the number of threads a cutting tool has per inch. The TPI plays a significant role in determining the feed rate for thread-cutting operations. The higher the TPI, the slower the feed rate needs to be to prevent the tool from wearing out quickly and to ensure precision in the threading process. For lower TPI, the feed rate can be increased because there is less engagement between the cutting tool and the material, reducing the overall cutting force and material removal rate. Thus, selecting the appropriate TPI based on the material and machining operation is essential for maintaining tool life and ensuring thread accuracy.

Most Philips TVs in the last couple of years have a simple Motion Styles setting towards the end of the options in the picture settings menu. This will give you a number of options to choose from, such as Standard, Smooth, Movie and Off.

Hisense TVs suffer more than most with judder when motion smoothing (called Ultra Smooth Motion) is switched off entirely, so we generally opt for the Medium setting. Doing that often results in a slight, unnatural over-sharpening of movement, of which Mr Cruise would disapprove. For us, it’s the best (or least bad) compromise.

Feed rate plays a crucial role in determining chip thickness during CNC machining. As the feed rate increases, the thickness of the chips removed from the material also increases. A higher feed rate can improve material removal rate, but it also increases the load on the cutting tool, which may lead to faster tool wear and a rougher surface finish. Conversely, a lower feed rate reduces chip thickness, which improves surface finish and helps minimize tool wear. However, setting the feed rate too low can result in inefficient machining, as less material is removed per pass, extending the time required for the operation.

Motion smoothing, also referred to as motion interpolation or motion processing, is technology built into most modern TVs that’s designed to reduce judder and blur from video sources.

And for what it's worth, we don’t believe (as some seem to) that a TV’s motion processing should be turned on for some sources and off for others. If the motion smoothing isn’t good enough for movies, it’s not good enough for anything else as far as we’re concerned, including sport.

RPMformula for milling

By staying attentive to the cutting parameters, utilizing advanced technologies, and understanding the dynamic interaction between feed rates and cutting speeds, you can significantly improve both the efficiency and longevity of your machining operations.

The average cutting speed in machining ranges from 60 to 120 surface feet per minute (SFM) for materials like steel. For softer materials like aluminum, cutting speeds can reach 200-400 SFM. These values depend on the material type, cutting tool, and specific machining process.

Tablefeed formula

Finding the optimal balance between feed rate and cutting speed is essential for maximizing material removal rate while minimizing tool wear and ensuring a smooth surface finish.

But it’s worth pointing out that not all motion smoothing is bad and there are some implementations that are worth leaving switched on, at least in some capacity.

Material hardness significantly impacts cutting speed during CNC machining. Harder materials, like stainless steel or carbon steel, require lower cutting speeds to avoid excessive tool wear and heat generation. On the other hand, softer materials, such as aluminum, can be machined at higher speeds without causing damage to the cutting tool. The relationship between cutting speed and material hardness is essential in determining tool life and ensuring the quality of the finished product.

Millingformulas PDF

The opening scene sees Ego and Meredith (Kurt Russell and Laura Haddock) driving across the Missouri countryside. Pay particular attention as Meredith sticks her arms out of the car’s open roof: most motion processing has a real problem discerning her arms from the fast-moving scenery behind and they flicker or vanish entirely.

Cutting speed refers to how fast the cutting tool engages with the material, typically measured in surface feet per minute (SFM). On the other hand, feed rate is the speed at which the workpiece moves relative to the cutting tool, often measured in inches per minute (IPM). While cutting speed determines how quickly the tool cuts, feed rate affects the depth of the cut and the amount of material removed. These two factors work together to control the efficiency of machining operations.

Another name for feed rate is “feed per tooth” (FPT), which refers to the distance a cutting tool moves per revolution of the spindle in relation to each tooth on the tool.

It’s always nice to discover you have something in common with Tom Cruise – and it turns out that the Top Gun star is as passionate about motion smoothing, or interpolation, (more regularly referred to as ‘motion processing’) as we are at What Hi-Fi?

Milling formulacalculator

The type of cutting tool used in a machining process significantly affects the feed rate. Different cutting tools, such as end mills, lathe tools, and threading tools, have varying designs and materials that influence how they engage with the workpiece. Harder tools like carbide or boron nitride allow for higher feed rates due to their resistance to wear and heat generation. In contrast, tools made of softer materials may require slower feed rates to prevent damage and ensure longer tool life. The geometry of the tool, including its cutting edges and flutes, also plays a role in determining the feed rate that can be applied.

Within the first minute or so this entry in the Harry Potter series has provided two tricky panning shots; one vertical and one horizontal. With the horizontal pan, pay attention to the complicated pattern created by the long grass, watching for unnatural artefacts being added by any motion processing.

The capability of the machine tool plays a critical role in determining the optimal feed rate for a machining operation. Advanced CNC machines with higher spindle speeds and more precise control systems can handle higher feed rates while maintaining accuracy and surface finish. In contrast, older or less capable machines may require slower feed rates to prevent issues like tool chatter or inaccurate cuts. The machine’s power consumption and rigidity also influence feed rate; more robust machines allow faster material removal without compromising the machining process, while weaker machines may struggle with higher speeds and feeds, leading to poor results or equipment damage.

Tool life is significantly affected by cutting speed. Running at higher speeds can shorten tool life due to increased heat and wear. However, using the optimum cutting speed for the material and tool combination can balance production efficiency and tool longevity. Careful monitoring of cutting conditions, such as feed rate and depth of cut, ensures that you get the best performance from the tool without frequent replacements.

What's more, personal taste does come into this: some people find the natural judder and blur of a 24fps presentation distracting while others barely notice, and some people are particularly sensitive to the peculiar nature of interpolation.

When the cutting speed is too high, it leads to several issues that can negatively impact the machining process. Excessive speed generates more heat, which accelerates tool wear and can cause the cutting tool to lose its hardness. This results in poor surface finishes, reduced material removal rates, and even tool breakage. The high temperatures may also distort the workpiece, reducing part accuracy. Therefore, maintaining the right balance between cutting speed and feed rate is essential for optimal machining performance and extending tool life.

Mitsubishi Drill speed andfeedcalculator

However, some of our reviewers prefer the company’s recent QLEDs with Auto Motion Plus set to Custom, which opens up the option of manually tweaking ‘Blur Reduction’, ‘Judder Reduction’ and ‘Clear Motion’. Setting these to 10, 3 and Off respectively reduces blur and judder without adding the dreaded ‘soap opera effect’.

Like any sophisticated system, CNC machines rely heavily on precise settings to function properly. When it comes to feed rate and cutting speed, setting them arbitrarily can lead to serious issues. While these two terms may seem interchangeable, they each serve distinct functions, affecting everything from surface finish to material removal rate.

Motion smoothing on a Samsung TV is called Auto Motion Plus, and is usually set to Auto by default. Left like this, motion looks over-processed and unnatural, so for many models the best solution is simply to turn the mode off entirely.

This formula helps determine the appropriate speed for different machining operations, ensuring efficient material removal without excessive tool wear.

The type of cutting tool material significantly influences the cutting speed. Harder tool materials, such as carbide or ceramic, can handle higher cutting speeds without excessive wear. Softer tools, like high-speed steel (HSS), require lower speeds to avoid rapid tool degradation. Additionally, cutting tool materials that have better heat resistance, such as cubic boron nitride (CBN), can sustain faster machining operations for extended periods, maintaining surface quality and efficiency in the manufacturing process.

In machining, feed rate and cutting speed differ based on the process. Here’s a breakdown of several processes and how these variables change:

On most new and recent Panasonic TVs you’re looking for the Intelligent Frame Creation option in the picture settings menu. Again, this is set too high by default, but rather than turn it off entirely we usually prefer it switched to Minimum setting. This offers a little bit of judder reduction without the introduction of unsightly artefacts or artificial sharpening. You may, of course, simply prefer to disable Intelligent Frame Creation entirely.

That said, others will appreciate the User mode, which allows for subtle tweaking of both the ‘dejudder’ and ‘deblur’ settings. Two to three points on each of these delivers motion that some people – some of our reviewers included – prefer.

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The three most important factors affecting cutting speed are the type of material being machined, the cutting tool material, and the desired surface finish. Different materials, such as steel, aluminum, or carbon steel, require different cutting speeds due to their hardness properties. Cutting tool materials like high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide also dictate cutting speed, as some tools can handle higher speeds than others. Additionally, surface finish requirements influence cutting speed; higher speeds may lead to rougher finishes, while slower speeds produce smoother surfaces, balancing efficiency with quality.

You may also see some judder here, but it’s the vertical pan, an overhead shot of the town and park, that’s the real test of judder and blur. Experiment with your TV’s settings until this looks right to your eyes, also paying attention to the stream of cars moving across the picture.

As it’s broadly good advice, we've laid out instructions that will help you turn off the motion smoothing of almost any TV, from LG to Samsung to Sony.

In a bizarre but brilliant tweet towards the end of last year, The Cruiser posted a video in which he and Mission: Impossible – Fallout director Chris McQuarrie make an impassioned plea to turn off your TV’s motion smoothing before watching their (or any) films.

It generally works by introducing artificial frames of video between the actual frames provided by the source. It's exceptionally clever when you think about it, but why would you want extra frames inserted into the video you’re watching?

Material hardness affects cutting speed by dictating how much resistance the cutting tool encounters. Harder materials, like stainless steel or carbon steel, require lower cutting speeds to maintain tool life and avoid heat generation, which can reduce the material removal rate. Softer materials, such as aluminum, can be machined at higher speeds without risking tool wear or thermal damage. By adjusting cutting speed according to material hardness, you can ensure a balanced machining process that maximizes tool life while maintaining part quality.

Then watch as the car pulls into the Dairy Queen: you may see some judder and/or blur, depending on your TV’s specs and the motion processing mode you’ve selected.

The motion smoothing setting on LG TVs is called TruMotion, and you’ll find it buried deep in the picture setting menus. It’s set far too high by default (Clear is usually pre-selected), and many people will find simply switching it off gives them the most satisfying motion.

Thanks to advancements like predictive maintenance and adaptive control in CNC machines, fine-tuning speeds and feeds has become more straightforward. These technologies help to continuously optimize the process, reducing wear and increasing precision.

For those reasons, you shouldn’t simply do what we – or even Tom Cruise – advise. Instead, find the relevant setting or settings as described below and experiment with turning them on and off to see what works best for you. To help, here are two of our favourite clips for testing motion:

Most sources designed to output 24fps actually slightly speed up the video to 25fps for better synchronicity with a 50Hz TV, but that still leaves the telly with two choices: display each frame twice, or add a frame in between those it’s receiving to bridge the gap. The former choice can result in a bit of judder and/or blur, while the latter is the interpolation (motion smoothing) that Cruise warns about.

Feed rate formula forturning

Your eyes often perceive this as any combination of judder, blur, or weird artefacts around the subject in question, depending on the speed of the motion and the native response time of your TV.

RPM refers to the number of times the tool or workpiece completes a full rotation in one minute. Higher RPMs result in faster cutting speeds, which can improve machining times but also generate more heat. The relationship between RPM and cutting speed must be balanced to avoid excessive tool wear and ensure optimal material removal. CNC machines allow you to precisely control RPM, ensuring the tool engagement speed matches the material being worked on.

Any TV is capable of displaying far more than just 24 frames per second, though. In fact, they naturally display 50 frames per second in countries such as the UK that have a mains frequency of 50Hz. In other countries such as the US, a mains frequency of 60Hz results in the display showing 60 frames per second. Many TVs now refresh each frame at double that rate, while others claim to triple it or beyond (though often don’t).

Cutting speed refers to the speed at which the cutting tool moves relative to the surface of the workpiece in CNC machining. It is typically measured in surface feet per minute (SFM) or meters per minute (m/min). Cutting speed is crucial in determining the material removal rate and overall efficiency of the manufacturing process. By selecting the correct cutting speed based on the material type and tool characteristics, machinists can optimize tool life, reduce tool wear, and improve surface finish.

Achieving optimal machining performance becomes much simpler when you focus on the right processes, with feed rate and cutting speed being two of the most crucial factors. While these are key adjustments, it’s also important to ensure that other machining parameters are correctly set to maintain efficiency.

Whether you should simply turn the feature off is slightly less straightforward, though, thanks to the variation in the native refresh rate, response time and implementation of motion smoothing across models from each manufacturer. Clearly, we can't list every model by every brand here.

But while we agree with Cruise that motion smoothing is often best switched off, it's not always the case. In some instances, switching from the default mode to one that’s a little less aggressive can result in a useful reduction in judder or blur without harming the naturalness of the image. Just one manufacturer, meanwhile, delivers its TVs with default motion settings that we usually recommend leaving as they are.

These problems are created because the TV is essentially predicting, at an exceptionally fast rate, what each next ‘real’ frame will be, and inventing a frame that’s half way there. Consider everything that’s going on in every single frame of a film, and that’s a heck of a lot of processing. Inevitably, the TV often gets elements wrong, and that can result in the flaws described above.

In most cases we’ve found that off is the best bet for natural motion, but with the company’s 2018 OLED models – the OLED803 and OLED903 – we prefer the Movie option, which is far more natural than the overly aggressive, default Standard mode, but still reduces judder sufficiently.

The width of the cut is another crucial factor that influences the feed rate in machining. When the cutting width is greater, the cutting tool engages with more material, requiring a slower feed rate to maintain quality and prevent excessive tool wear. Conversely, for narrow cuts, the feed rate can be higher since the tool is removing less material with each pass. Adjusting the feed rate based on cut width ensures consistent material removal rates, optimizes chip flow, and contributes to overall machining efficiency. Additionally, a properly set feed rate helps achieve a smoother surface finish and minimizes heat generation during the machining process.

Surface feet per minute (SFM) is the linear speed at which the tool edge travels across the workpiece surface. SFM is influenced by the material being cut and the tool material. Harder materials, such as stainless steel, require lower SFM to prevent tool damage, while softer materials, like aluminum, can tolerate higher speeds. Proper SFM selection helps improve part quality, manage heat generation, and maintain consistent tool life.

There are exceptions, of course, and some lower-end models will be better served by switching it off entirely, but with most of Sony’s models, even Maverick would be happy with Motionflow.

imilarly, if the feed rate is too high for a given cutting speed, it can cause excessive tool load and vibrations, impacting tool life and accuracy.

Feed rate, on the other hand, dictates how fast the material moves past the cutting tool. It influences the depth of cut, material removal rate, and surface roughness. Incorrect feed rates can cause excessive tool wear or result in poor surface finish, ultimately affecting part quality.

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Feed rate is the speed at which the cutting tool advances into the material during a machining process. It is commonly measured in inches per minute (IPM) or millimeters per minute, depending on the system used. In CNC machining, the feed rate determines how much material is removed with each pass of the cutting tool, directly affecting the depth of cut and surface finish quality. This parameter is crucial in ensuring efficient material removal while maintaining the accuracy of the machined part. The correct feed rate helps to balance tool wear, power consumption, and overall machining performance.

However, setting the wrong speeds or feeds can lead to easily avoidable problems like excessive heat generation, poor surface finish, and reduced tool life. To prevent these issues, it’s essential to carefully monitor cutting conditions according to the specific machining process and material being used.

When the cutting speed is too low, the machining process becomes inefficient. A low cutting speed leads to reduced material removal rates, which can extend the machining time significantly. Additionally, insufficient cutting speed may result in poor chip formation, leading to excess friction between the cutting tool and the workpiece. This can cause tool wear to increase over time, and the final surface finish may suffer due to inconsistent material cutting.

Optimizing feed rate and cutting speed is essential for ensuring efficient CNC machining and improving the overall manufacturing process. Below are practical tips to help you achieve better machining results:

You might find that your TV also has a Clear Motion or Black Frame Insertion option. If so, it’s probably already disabled, and we’d recommend leaving it so.

Feed rate plays a crucial role in determining machining efficiency and part quality. If the feed rate is too high, it can lead to excessive tool wear, rough surface finish, and potential tool breakage. On the other hand, a low feed rate may result in slower material removal and longer machining times, impacting productivity. Striking the right balance in feed rates is necessary to maintain part accuracy, ensure optimal material removal rates, and prolong tool life.

Feed rate and cutting speed directly affect each other: if you increase the cutting speed without adjusting the feed rate, tool wear may increase, and the surface finish can degrade. S

I’m taking a quick break from filming to tell you the best way to watch Mission: Impossible Fallout (or any movie you love) at home. pic.twitter.com/oW2eTm1IUADecember 4, 2018

Some models will give you a Perfect Natural Motion (or simply Natural Motion) option. In most cases, we prefer this off, but with some models, particularly more premium ones, switching to Minimum increases the quality of motion without making it look artificial.

It’s because the frame rate used for a lot of content is actually rather low: 24fps for almost all films and the vast majority of scripted TV shows. It's slow enough that with fast motion an object or person can jump from one point on the screen to another a few pixels away.

The desired surface finish of the workpiece is another crucial factor in determining feed rate. A smoother surface finish typically requires a lower feed rate, allowing for more precise material removal and reducing the formation of surface imperfections such as scallop marks. Conversely, for rougher cuts where surface finish is not a priority, higher feed rates can be used to remove more material quickly. The feed rate must be carefully balanced to achieve the required finish without causing tool wear or excessive heat generation, which can compromise the quality of the final part.

Millingmachine cutting speed

Some Hisense models, including the AE6100UK models, have no motion smoothing options at all, in which case you get what you’re given.

Tom Parsons has been writing about TV, AV and hi-fi products (not to mention plenty of other 'gadgets' and even cars) for over 15 years. He began his career as What Hi-Fi?'s Staff Writer and is now the TV and AV Editor. In between, he worked as Reviews Editor and then Deputy Editor at Stuff, and over the years has had his work featured in publications such as T3, The Telegraph and Louder. He's also appeared on BBC News, BBC World Service, BBC Radio 4 and Sky Swipe. In his spare time Tom is a runner and gamer.

Additionally, reducing the depth of cut and optimizing the chip load can help you safely increase the cutting speed without compromising tool life or part quality. Always ensure that the machine tool’s capabilities and workpiece material properties are considered before making any adjustments.

This formula helps calculate the appropriate feed rate by considering the spindle speed (RPM), the number of teeth on the cutting tool, and the desired chip load. By fine-tuning these factors, machinists can achieve the right speeds and feeds to ensure an efficient and precise manufacturing process.

To increase your cutting speed in CNC machining, you can first adjust the spindle speed (RPM) based on the material type and cutting tool specifications. Using cutting tools made from materials with higher wear resistance, such as carbide or cermet, can also support faster speeds.

The width of the cut in machining directly influences the feed rate. A wider cut requires the cutting tool to remove more material in each pass, which increases the load on the tool. To prevent excessive tool wear and ensure a smooth machining process, a slower feed rate is typically required for wide cuts. On the other hand, for narrower cuts, the tool engages with less material, allowing for higher feed rates without compromising the quality of the finished part. Adjusting the feed rate based on cut width is essential to balance material removal rate, chip flow, and tool longevity.

Specialize in CNC machining, 3D printing, urethane casting, rapid tooling, injection molding, metal casting, sheet metal and extrusion

Feed rate and cutting speed are essential for maintaining balance between productivity and precision in CNC machining. Cutting speed impacts how fast the cutting tool moves along the workpiece, directly affecting the heat generation, tool wear, and surface finish of the machined part. If the cutting speed is too high, it can lead to rapid tool degradation, while a slower speed may result in inefficient material removal.