Surface feet per minute (SFPM or SFM) is the combination of a physical quantity (surface speed) and an imperial and American customary unit (feet per minute or FPM). It is defined as the number of linear feet that a location on a rotating component travels in one minute.

PCDcutting tools

Telcon Diamond Ltd. is a world leading manufacturer of Diamond PCD and CVD cutting tools for the machining of composite materials: CFRP, GFRP, MMC, CMC and hard ceramics. TELCON produces a wide range of tools used by many of the world’s leaders in the field including Boeing, Airbus, Lockheed-Martin, Spirit, ATK, Embraer, Denel, ELBIT and IAI. Telcon’s tools include: PCD tipped Drills, CVD diamond drills, Carbide drills, PCD Countersinks, Carbide tipped Countersinks, PCD tipped End Mills and CVD diamond End Mills and Carbide End Mills.

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PCD (Poly – Crystalline – Diamond) is, unlike single crystalline diamond, produced synthetically by sintering together many (Poly) diamond particles, usually in the size of 2 to 30 microns of a meter, with a metal binder (usually Cobalt) at high temperature and high pressure. The rate is 90-95% diamond particles and the rest is Cobalt.

PCDtools manufacturing process

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In drilling operations, the cutting edge has constant contact with the material, unlike milling, therefore the cutting edge is less likely to chip or fracture. Taking that into account, with a combination of hardness and sharpness, CVD diamond drills perform better in regard to minimizing the delamination at the hole exit. This is a major concern in the drilling of composites in highly engineered parts, such as Aerospace. When delamination is the failure criteria, there is no doubt that CVD drills outperform PCD drills. However, when hole diameter is the failure criteria, then the PCD drill will “survive” longer than CVD drills.  The reason for this is due to the fact that the CVD diamond is a coating. When it eventually delaminates from the tungsten carbide, edge wear accelerates rapidly. The PCD, on the other hand, as said, is a solid diamond. Wear development rate is almost constant. Another example where PCD may have an advantage is the drilling of stack material like CFRP/Al, where the exit hole is in the Aluminum. Delamination is a non-issue in this case, therefore PCD would be first choice, since it will hold longer and can also be reconditioned a few times. Another advantage of the CVD diamond drill would be design flexibility, while comparing to standard wafer drill, where PCD segment dictates geometry. On a Fullnib PCD drill, however, there is no geometry limitation and design flexibility is the same as in the CVD diamond drill as long as PCD nib height (which is limited) does not create other limitations.

PCD diamondtools

These calculations are based upon theoretical values and are only intended for planning purposes. Actual results will vary. No responsibility from Kennametal is assumed.

Inches per minute (IPM) is a speed measurement of how many inches traveled in a minute, without regard to direction. In machining, it is primarily used as a feed rate (imperial units).

PCDtool meaning

polycrystallinediamond(pcd)

TELCON possesses the most advanced Grinding, and EDM machines and state of the art Quality control equipment. TELCON’s vacuum brazing equipment is highly controlled to ensure repeatability and reproducibility of brazing operation. TELCON uses world class PCD and carbide grades and CVD coatings. In addition to tools manufacturing, Telcon operating reconditioning services for PCD and carbide tools.

A CNC mill calculates speeds and feeds or SFM based on the information the user enters. The type of CNC mill, the type of machine controller, and the age of the machine will affect the amount of information that can be input directly into the machine. Historically G-code was created externally from a CNC machine and then loaded onto the machine. Externally created G-code was authored either with a dedicated CAM software or with a plug-in embedded in the 3D parametric modeling software. The user would input the same CNC machine they want to create the part on (with the specific work holding fixture), the type of tooling (manufacture, part number etc.), and the specific material being machined. The software generates the speeds and feeds based on the part's geometry and all the inputted information. This creates the optimal speeds and feeds or SFM tailored to the exact part and CNC machine.

Normally the depth of cut, ap, and width of cut, ae, are small in relation to the cutter diameter. This means the higher cutting speed recommendations for small ...

These Kodiak Cutting Tools® extra-long series square end two flute carbide end milling cutters feature a 30 helix angle and are center cutting for plunging, ...

PolycrystallineDiamondPrice

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Note: The circumference unit is in inches and is dependent on if it’s a milling or turning operation. For milling operations, the circumference is of the cutter (tool in the spindle). For turning operations, the circumference is of the workpiece (the material in the chuck).

Milling operations involve interrupted cutting of the material, where each end mill tooth is engaged with the material and exiting it in one tool revolution. Each time the cutting edge enters the material, the “hammering” effect damages the cutting edge of the tool. Looking at the table above, PCD tools are more likely to withstand the “hammering” effect in milling. In CVD diamond coated tools, the CVD coating eventually delaminates and only the tungsten carbide substrate is left. In the PCD, even if some fracture occurs, the diamond is solid and therefore keeps the same characteristics. There is a concern, though, about geometry limitations with the PCD. For instance, when a particularly long flute length is required, or when specific tool geometry is required, e.g. porcupine router, the CVD diamond tool has an advantage.

Polycrystallinediamondcutting tool

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While countersinking is considered a manual operation, the countersink body is made from steel, mainly due to the thread connection. Steel cannot be coated with CVD diamond; therefore, most countersinks in the market for composites are PCD. PCD segments are brazed to the steel body of the countersink. Full carbide countersinks which can be coated are rarely seen, due to the fact that grinding the thread on the tungsten carbide body is a complex task.

They are uncoated, and made to cut steel, stainless steel, cast iron, high temp. alloys, and hardened metals. Included shapes: ball, 14° to 28° cone, 60° cone, ...

Diamond pcdvspcd

(Chemical Vapor Deposition) is a process of coating Nano diamond particles on a Tungsten carbide substrate applying a layer thickness of 6 to 16 microns of a meter. The tungsten carbide substrate has to contain low cobalt content, such as 6% an d has to go through specific surface treatment. The treatment reduces cobalt content in the outer layer, exposing the diamond edges, in order to create sufficient adhesion between the diamond coating and substrate.

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In this article, we’ll try clarifying and shedding more light on a dilemma confronted by many end users of cutting tools to machine composite materials, when they are required to decide which type of tool to use for their application. There are mainly two types of diamond cutting tools for composites: PCD tools, where the cutting edge is built from a PCD segment of a specific size and shape and CVD diamond coated tools, where the tool’s edge is completely built in a grinding operation and later coated with CVD diamond.

The main purpose of this article is helping end users focusing on their goals in a given application. Knowing and understanding your goals, will assist in clarifying tool requirements and choosing the right tool to the application. As it was explained in the article, both PCD and CVD cutting tools have their pros and cons. None of them can fully replace the other. We were not discussing in this article other factors like tool cost, reconditioning, tool diameter limitations and more. Some of these factors will certainly influence our decisions and will be discussed in the following articles. Telcon offers both solutions of PCD and CVD diamond Drills, End Mills, Routers and countersinks for all your composites applications. Feel free to contact us for further information at [email protected].

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