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The most common material for threaded inserts is brass. However, lead-free alternatives such as stainless steel or aluminium are becoming more popular due to increasing sustainability requirements. Stainless steel offers better strength and corrosion resistance, and aluminium inserts are about 70% lighter than brass.

Material options for inserts include brass inserts made with lead, brass alloy inserts, aluminium inserts, and 303 stainless steel inserts:

Knurls are essential for enhancing resistance to torque in various applications and are common on screw-to-expand, press-fit, and heat-set inserts. Straight knurls are generally preferred over diamond knurls due to their superior design. Coarser knurls, while increasing torque resistance, induce greater stress on plastic materials. Therefore, selecting the appropriate knurl coarseness is crucial to balance performance and material integrity.

On Xometry’s manufacturing sourcing platform, we have the capabilities to produce high-quality 3D prints in a variety of plastics, and pre-drill holes ready for any standard inserts. Need threaded inserts for plastics selected and added for you? We’ll do that too in order to meet your specific part strength requirements.

Both the plastic material and the insert material matter, depending on the application. Heat-staking and ultrasonic inserts only work with thermoplastics. For thermosets, the options are moulding in the insert, or cold pressing the insert in later, where the elasticity of the resin material will become critical.

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In addition to standard press-fit inserts, screw-to-expand varieties have diamond knurls. These inserts are pushed into a hole, and then a screw is installed to expand the insert, driving the knurls into the surrounding plastic for a secure fit.

Thread size refers to the inner thread of the insert, which determines what assembly screw will be used. Metric, UNC (Unified National Coarse), and UNF (Unified National Fine) thread sizes are available. UNC/UNF is primarily used in the United States.

Use the below table as a reference, but ensure you check with your preferred manufacturer on the best plastic to use for a specific insert series. Also, it is advised to determine the shear strength of your material to know whether it can handle the torque or pull-out resistance of your application.

The key strength factors for inserts are their resistance to being pulled out of the part (pull-out force) and twisting within the part when the mating fastener is torqued (torque-out force). A longer insert increases pull-out resistance, while a larger diameter insert enhances torque capacity.

Below is a data table from Spirol highlighting different sizes for their Series 50 press-fit insert. For accurate insert sizing, reference your preferred manufacturer’s specification sheets and use the table below as an example of the provided parameters. Moreover, the image below indicates what the measurements refer to in the table.

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This chart shows decimal inch equivalents for fractional inch, wire size, letter size and metric drill bits up to two inches in diameter. ... 0.2244, 21/32" ...

Below is a reference data table from McMaster highlighting different sizes for their stainless steel helical insert. For accurate insert sizing, reference your preferred manufacturer’s specification sheets and use the table below as an example of the provided parameters.

The circumference of the insert is a key factor in determining the knurl pitch, which imposes practical limitations on the design of knurls. Helical knurls, in contrast to straight knurls, offer different benefits. While they lower torque resistance, they significantly increase axial pull-out resistance. Knurl angles between 30 and 45 degrees positively impact pull-out resistance with minimal torque loss.

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Despite the higher initial costs compared to post-mould installation processes, moulded inserts offer superior performance. Their design significantly impacts pull-out resistance and torque, particularly the length and diameter. Helical knurls are often preferred to maximise torque resistance for a given diameter. Proper plastic encapsulation in the insert’s undercuts is essential for achieving the necessary pull-out resistance during service.

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Helical inserts, often called coil inserts or thread inserts, are coil-shaped inserts made from materials like stainless steel or brass. They are used to reinforce or repair threaded holes in plastic components that have become stripped or damaged. Helical inserts provide a durable and long-lasting solution for restoring the integrity of threaded connections in various applications.

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Do you doubt the process and material? Check out our materials library and our 3D printing materials decision tool. Then, simply upload your CAD file to our Instant Quoting Engine and receive a quote in a few clicks.

Self-tapping inserts are designed for post-mould installation and provide the best pull-out resistance. The external threads are thin-profiled to minimise stress on the plastic, paired with a relatively coarse pitch to maximise the plastic shear surface and prevent pull-out. These inserts are generally recommended for softer thermoplastics or thermosets to avoid cracking.

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Due to the complexity of component design and the wide variety of options, it can be difficult to calculate the exact pull-out and torque forces for a specific application. This would require physical testing. However, a close approximation can be calculated using the von Mises yield criterion.

However, the process demands a more complex core design with precise tolerances between the pins and inserts. Additionally, placing the inserts for each cycle can be time-consuming.

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Below is a reference data table from McMaster highlighting different sizes for their plastic tapping inserts. For accurate insert sizing, reference your preferred manufacturer’s specification sheets and use the table below as an example of the provided parameters.

In practice, several knurl bands with different helix angles can be combined on the same insert to achieve an optimal combination of torque and pull-out resistance. This multi-band approach allows for fine-tuning performance characteristics to meet specific application requirements.

Installing a helical insert requires some additional work compared to other inserts, as you need to add a thread to your assembly to be able to screw in a helical insert.

Heat-set inserts are well-suited for thermoplastics in 3D printing since, upon installation, the thermoplastic undergoes melting and reflow around the insert. This process makes the plastic surrounding the insert stronger in that area, ensuring a firm connection between the metal insert and the thermoplastic material.

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The manufacturing technology used to produce a plastic part should be considered when adding threaded inserts for a particular application.

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Standard inserts typically refer to commonly used or readily available inserts that conform to industry standards in terms of dimensions, materials, and design. Threaded inserts for 3D printed parts, injection moulding, and CNC machined plastics are widely used across various manufacturing sectors and are often easily accessible from suppliers and distributors.

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Below is a reference data table from Spirol highlighting different sizes for their tapered hole (Series 19 short) heat/ultrasonic insert. For accurate insert sizing, reference your preferred manufacturer’s specification sheets and use the table below as an example of the provided parameters.

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The issue of installation torque is not a concern because tightening the connection increases the friction between the plastic and threads. Additionally, the larger diameter of the external insert thread increases the frictional surface. Furthermore, the back-out torque performance depends on the greater surface area of the external insert thread and the tension between the threads and plastic.

Below is a reference data table from Spirol highlighting different sizes for their aluminium through-hole moulded-in inserts (Series 63). For accurate insert sizing, reference your preferred manufacturer’s specification sheets and use the table below as an example of the provided parameters.

The two main types of knurl inserts for heat-staking/ultrasonic installation, straight and tapered, offer flexibility depending on the application. Tapered inserts are particularly advantageous as they are self-aligning, making installation easier and faster.

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When selecting plastic options for inserts, thermoplastics and thermosets offer different advantages. Thermoplastics (e.g. PMMA / Acrylic, PC, ABS, PP, PEEK), which can be reshaped multiple times, work well with heat and ultrasonic inserts. In contrast, thermosets (e.g. epoxy, vulcanised rubber), which are permanently rigid after moulding, require specialised inserts like moulded-in, press-in, or self-tapping inserts.

The standard sizes of inserts depend on the manufacturer and can vary significantly. Here are a few key pieces of data to look out for when reading a specification chart.

Straight inserts should be used in straight holes, and tapered inserts should be used in tapered holes. The manufacturer will state what degree of taper a hole should have for a specific insert. However, the standard recommendation is a taper of no more than 1 degree for straight holes and 8 degrees for tapered holes.

Determine the spindle speed (RPM) and feed rate (IPM) for a milling operation, as well as the cut time for a given cut length. Milling operations remove material by feeding a workpiece into a rotating cutting tool with sharp teeth, such as an end mill or face mill. Calculations use the desired tool diameter, number of teeth, cutting speed, and cutting feed, which should be chosen based on the specific cutting conditions, including the workpiece material and tool material. Learn more about Milling.

Moulded-in threaded inserts are used in the injection moulding process, where pins are machined or inserted into the mould core. During the moulding process, the inserts are completely encapsulated with the resin, resulting in a high bond quality and eliminating the need for additional insertion steps post-moulding.

Manufacturers supply different-length inserts, so ensure you note the installed length. As a general rule of thumb, self-tapping inserts should be inserted into a hole with a minimum depth of 1.2 times the length of the insert. The minimum hole depth for other inserts should be the insert length plus 2 insert thread pitches.

Metric thread sizes are denoted by the letter “M” followed by the nominal diameter in millimetres. The pitch (distance between threads) can be specified but is sometimes omitted for coarse threads.

Note: If you skip the step of uploading a drawing and proceed with ordering your part, our sales engineers will contact you later to clarify the information about your inserts.

Standard press-fit inserts typically have helical knurls that bite into the plastic as they are pushed in, guiding the insert into the hole during tightening. This design ensures adequate installation torque to maintain the necessary tension between the threads.

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Insert specification charts will provide the correct drill size and maximum hole diameter recommended to avoid decreased performance. However, making the hole too small will induce undesired stresses and potential cracks in the plastic. Some manufacturers include a plus/minus tolerance to work within for optimal insert performance.

Keep in mind that a higher infill is needed around the location where a threaded insert will be used to ensure adequate strength. Without this infill, an insert could cut/break through the thin wall of the hole and cause the insert to fall out.

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Heat-set inserts, also referred to as heat-staking inserts, are heated and pressed into pre-moulded holes in plastic parts. As the insert cools, it forms a strong bond with the surrounding plastic, creating a secure attachment point for fasteners.

Press-in inserts are designed to be pressed into a straight post-mould hole without additional heat, making them ideal for softer plastics. They feature knurls to provide torque and pull-out resistance while ensuring good plastic flow during insertion. Depending on the insert type, knurls can be helical or diamond-shaped.

Holes should always be deeper than the length of the insert, and the assembly screw should never reach the bottom of a hole as jack-out would result (i.e., the insert will strip out the hole).

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Because threaded inserts can be moulded into the part at the outset, or pressed into the part later, consider the total cost of the operation. That includes moulding time and cost, component handling, and assembly. For example, opting for moulded-in inserts may not be the most cost-effective option if you are only creating prototypes to test basic functionality.

There are different types of standard inserts available in the market. The most commonly used types are press-fit inserts, tapping inserts, heat-set inserts, helical inserts, mould-in inserts, and dowel pin inserts.

Whether you need components manufactured through CNC machining, 3D printing, or injection moulding, our platform offers instant and manual quoting for a selection of thermoplastics and thermoset plastics.

Inserts enhance the strength and durability of plastic parts by providing reinforcement, secure attachment points, wear resistance, versatility, consistency, and cost-effectiveness. By incorporating inserts into a design, manufacturers can produce high-quality plastic components that meet performance requirements and withstand real-world applications.

The diameter of the clearance hole in the mating component is also important. The insert, not the plastic, must carry the load. The hole in the mating component must be larger than the outside diameter of the assembly screw but smaller than the pilot or face diameter of the Insert. This prevents jack-out.

When viewing the manufacturer’s specification sheet, a recommended boss diameter is sometimes included. However, if not, design the boss diameter 2 to 3 times the insert diameter (sometimes called overknurl diameter).

The boss diameter (or wall thickness) refers to the raised section around the hole where the insert will be installed. This dimension is crucial to avoid bulging during installation. If a thicker wall around a hole cannot be achieved, adding ribs is an option to ensure optimal insert performance.