reamer drilling guide chart - drill size for reaming
Cordless drills are convenient, compact, and easy to maneuver, so they can be used anywhere. You’ll appreciate cordless flexibility when you’re out in the yard repairing a gate or up on a ladder installing a light fixture. A lithium-powered cordless drill such as our 20V MAX* Lithium-Ion Drill/Driver will give you plenty of runtime for basic projects.
Here we’ve put together the basic info you need to understand drill features and dive into your next project with confidence.
RPMformulaformilling
BLACK+DECKER® drills and all-in-one drill/drivers simplify hundreds of household projects, from installing shelves to hanging blinds and assembling furniture – all the things that help make a house a home.
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Most drill/drivers have a trigger to control how fast the drill spins, so for basic projects, a one-speed drill is all you need. If you need more precise speed control for diverse drilling or driving projects, a multi-speed drill like the BLACK+DECKER 20V MAX* Lithium-Ion 2-Speed Drill/Driver is worth a look. Use high speed for small, fast holes and driving and a low speed for high-torque applications like drilling large holes.
For other shaped (like Ballnose, Round inserts, etc.) visit our Chip Thinning Calculater. Calculate the Feed per Tooth, based on the Chip load and Chip thinning factors: \( \large F_z = CL \times RCTF \times \ ACTF\) Calculate the RPM from the Cutting Speed and Cutter Diameter: \( \large n = \frac{ \huge \unicode{86}_c \times 12}{\huge \pi \times D} \) * If your Vc is in m/min units use 1000 instaed of 12 in the above formula. Final Stage: Calculate the Table Feed: \( \large \unicode{86}_f = F_z \times n \times Z \) Synonyms: Feed Speed, Table FeedRelated Pages: Chip Load: Calculator, formulas, and ChartsGlossary: Depth of Cut (Milling)Glossary: Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling)Glossary: Feed Per Tooth [Fz]Metal Removal Rate Calculator and Formulas« Back to Glossary IndexRelated Glossary Terms: Milling Feed Per Tooth RPM Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling) Feedrate (Turning) Chip Load Radial Depth of Cut (Milling AE) Cutting Speed Chip Thinning
All power drills have a forward (clockwise) and reverse (counter-clockwise) switch, usually right above the trigger. After drilling, setting the bit direction to reverse spins it counterclockwise to help it come out of the hole cleanly and easily. You’ll also use reverse mode to quickly remove screws and other fasteners.
\( \large \unicode{86}_f= F_n \times n\)\( \large \unicode{86}_f= F_z \times Z \times n\)Vf- Table Feed [mm/min or Inch/min]Fn- Feed per revolution [mm/rev or Inch/rev]Fz- Feed per Tooth [mm/tooth or Inch/tooth]n- Spindle Speed [RPM]How to calculate the Milling feed Rate from the basic data?To calculate the Milling Feed Rate you will need first to prepare the following basic data:Cutter Shape [90°, Ballnose, Chamfaring, Round, etc]Cutter Diameter [D] – If you are using a shaped cutter (Non 90°), take cato use the Effctive Cutter Diameter.Number of Tooth [Z]The user always knows the above three. Radial Depth of Cut [Ae] – Depends on how you plan to prefoprm your application.Cutting Speed [Vc] – Get wit with our Speeds and Feeds Calculator or from the tool supplier’s catalog/website.Chi pLoad [CL] – Get wit with our Chip Load Calculator or from the tool supplier’s catalog/website.Whith the above parmeters you can proceed to calculate the Milling Feed (Table Feed)Calculate the Chip Thinning factors in order to get the Feed per Tooth.The Chip Thinning factors make sure that the actual Feed per Tooth [Fz} will maintain the desired Chip Load according to the tool geometry and application settings.Radial Chip Thinning Factor [RCTF] –Radial chip thinning factor should be implemented with the Radial Depth of Cut [Ae] is smaller than the cutter’s radius. (When Ae is bigger the factor is 1). At very small Ae the factor can be up to 3 times!Radial Chip Thinning factor calculation:\( \large RCTF = \)\( \huge \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\left ( 1 – 2 \times \frac{Ae}{D} \right )^{2}}} \)Payment options Aproach Angle Chip Thinning Factor [ACTF] –The Aproach Angle Chip Thinning factor should be implemented when the cutter is not a standard 90° shape (For example a Ballnose or Chamfaring cutter).Chip Thinning factor for Chamfer/feed miiling cutters:\( \large ACTF = \)\( \huge \frac{1}{\sin({K_{apr})}} \) Payment options For other shaped (like Ballnose, Round inserts, etc.) visit our Chip Thinning Calculater. Calculate the Feed per Tooth, based on the Chip load and Chip thinning factors: \( \large F_z = CL \times RCTF \times \ ACTF\) Calculate the RPM from the Cutting Speed and Cutter Diameter: \( \large n = \frac{ \huge \unicode{86}_c \times 12}{\huge \pi \times D} \) * If your Vc is in m/min units use 1000 instaed of 12 in the above formula. Final Stage: Calculate the Table Feed: \( \large \unicode{86}_f = F_z \times n \times Z \) Synonyms: Feed Speed, Table FeedRelated Pages: Chip Load: Calculator, formulas, and ChartsGlossary: Depth of Cut (Milling)Glossary: Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling)Glossary: Feed Per Tooth [Fz]Metal Removal Rate Calculator and Formulas« Back to Glossary IndexRelated Glossary Terms: Milling Feed Per Tooth RPM Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling) Feedrate (Turning) Chip Load Radial Depth of Cut (Milling AE) Cutting Speed Chip Thinning
Feed per toothformula
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Cutting speedformula
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The chuck is a three-point clamp that holds the bit securely in place. Some drills come with a small key to tighten the chuck, while keyless chucks are tightened by hand. A clockwise turn tightens the chuck; a counter-clockwise turn releases the bit. Chucks come in dual-sleeve and single-sleeve configurations, with single-sleeve offering easy one-handed operation.
Millingformulas PDF
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Feed rateformulafor turning
Milling Feed Rate (Also called Table Feed and Feed Speed), is the linear velocity of a milling cutter relative to the workpiece, measured in [mm/min] or [inch/min]. It is calculated by:Multiplying the Feed per Tooth by the Number of Teeth and then by the Spindle Speed.Multiplying the Feed per Revolution by the Spindle Speed.It is the actual parameter that is input into the machine as the feedrate. The table feed is not specific for an application or cutter, and it needs to be calculated based on the Chip Load, Cutter Geometry, Radial Depth of cut, and Cutting Speed.
Drill/Drivers feature a manual or automatic clutch mechanism to adjust the drill/driver’s torque (turning power). Drill/Drivers with automatic clutches, like this 20V MAX* Lithium-Ion Drill/Driver with AutoSense™ Technology, are great for beginners because they take the trial-and-error out of getting just the right amount of torque. Torque control is what separates a drill/driver from an ordinary drill. Most manual clutch drill/drivers have a numbered dial that makes torque adjustment easy. Use less torque (a lower number) for softer materials like drywall or when you want to limit how deep the screw goes. Use more torque for hard woods or when you want the screw flush or countersunk. When you’re not driving, simply set the clutch dial on drill mode.
Simply, drilling is making a hole, and driving is securing a screw or other fastener. Drill/Drivers do both jobs, which is convenient for projects like hanging a mirror, where you might drill a pilot hole then drive in a screw.
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Cutting speedformulaPDF
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It is the actual parameter that is input into the machine as the feedrate. The table feed is not specific for an application or cutter, and it needs to be calculated based on the Chip Load, Cutter Geometry, Radial Depth of cut, and Cutting Speed.
Feed rateformulaformilling
Some drills, 20V MAX* Lithium-Ion Drill/Driver, feature a built-in LED to illuminate your work surface. This can be a lifesaver when you’re drilling or driving in tight or dark spaces like inside a closet or under the sink.
Milling speeds and feedsChart
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\( \large F_z = CL \times RCTF \times \ ACTF\) Calculate the RPM from the Cutting Speed and Cutter Diameter: \( \large n = \frac{ \huge \unicode{86}_c \times 12}{\huge \pi \times D} \) * If your Vc is in m/min units use 1000 instaed of 12 in the above formula. Final Stage: Calculate the Table Feed: \( \large \unicode{86}_f = F_z \times n \times Z \) Synonyms: Feed Speed, Table FeedRelated Pages: Chip Load: Calculator, formulas, and ChartsGlossary: Depth of Cut (Milling)Glossary: Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling)Glossary: Feed Per Tooth [Fz]Metal Removal Rate Calculator and Formulas« Back to Glossary IndexRelated Glossary Terms: Milling Feed Per Tooth RPM Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling) Feedrate (Turning) Chip Load Radial Depth of Cut (Milling AE) Cutting Speed Chip Thinning
The user always knows the above three. Radial Depth of Cut [Ae] – Depends on how you plan to prefoprm your application.Cutting Speed [Vc] – Get wit with our Speeds and Feeds Calculator or from the tool supplier’s catalog/website.Chi pLoad [CL] – Get wit with our Chip Load Calculator or from the tool supplier’s catalog/website.Whith the above parmeters you can proceed to calculate the Milling Feed (Table Feed)Calculate the Chip Thinning factors in order to get the Feed per Tooth.The Chip Thinning factors make sure that the actual Feed per Tooth [Fz} will maintain the desired Chip Load according to the tool geometry and application settings.Radial Chip Thinning Factor [RCTF] –Radial chip thinning factor should be implemented with the Radial Depth of Cut [Ae] is smaller than the cutter’s radius. (When Ae is bigger the factor is 1). At very small Ae the factor can be up to 3 times!Radial Chip Thinning factor calculation:\( \large RCTF = \)\( \huge \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\left ( 1 – 2 \times \frac{Ae}{D} \right )^{2}}} \)Payment options Aproach Angle Chip Thinning Factor [ACTF] –The Aproach Angle Chip Thinning factor should be implemented when the cutter is not a standard 90° shape (For example a Ballnose or Chamfaring cutter).Chip Thinning factor for Chamfer/feed miiling cutters:\( \large ACTF = \)\( \huge \frac{1}{\sin({K_{apr})}} \) Payment options For other shaped (like Ballnose, Round inserts, etc.) visit our Chip Thinning Calculater. Calculate the Feed per Tooth, based on the Chip load and Chip thinning factors: \( \large F_z = CL \times RCTF \times \ ACTF\) Calculate the RPM from the Cutting Speed and Cutter Diameter: \( \large n = \frac{ \huge \unicode{86}_c \times 12}{\huge \pi \times D} \) * If your Vc is in m/min units use 1000 instaed of 12 in the above formula. Final Stage: Calculate the Table Feed: \( \large \unicode{86}_f = F_z \times n \times Z \) Synonyms: Feed Speed, Table FeedRelated Pages: Chip Load: Calculator, formulas, and ChartsGlossary: Depth of Cut (Milling)Glossary: Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling)Glossary: Feed Per Tooth [Fz]Metal Removal Rate Calculator and Formulas« Back to Glossary IndexRelated Glossary Terms: Milling Feed Per Tooth RPM Feed Per Revolution (Milling and Drilling) Feedrate (Turning) Chip Load Radial Depth of Cut (Milling AE) Cutting Speed Chip Thinning
Corded drills require a power source and tether you to a cord, but they offer the benefit of unlimited runtime and increased power for large or complex projects you want to finish without recharging a battery. You can’t go wrong with a corded drill like this BLACK+DECKER™ 20V MAX* Lithium-Ion Drill/Driver.
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