Han M-G, Chang S-H (2015) Failure analysis of a Type III hydrogen pressure vessel under impact loading induced by free fall. Compos Struct 127:288–297. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.03.027

Shyha IS, Soo SL, Aspinwall DK, Bradley S, Perry R, Harden P, Dawson S (2011) Hole quality assessment following drilling of metallic-composite stacks. Int J Mach Tools Manuf 51(7–8):569–578. doi:10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2011.04.007

Broadly, high speed steel excels in hardness and abrasion resistance, with different grades trading for toughness, hot hardness or reduced brittleness. As a result, these alloys see the most use in industrial cutting tools—tool bits, milling cutters, saw blades, drills, taps, broaches and more.

High speed steel cutting toolsfor sale

Grilo TJ, Paulo RMF, Silva CRM, Davim JP (2013) Experimental delamination analyses of CFRPs using different drill geometries. Compos Part B Eng 45(1):1344–1350. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.057

The heat treatment used is also a major component of what defines high speed steel, as its martensitic structure contributes to its high hardness. This is achieved by austenizing to nearly the steel’s melting temperature, then quenching in a salt bath or by air cooling and multiple tempering cycles to convert any remaining austenite to martensite.

Tsao CC, Hocheng H, Chen YC (2012) Delamination reduction in drilling composite materials by active backup force. CIRP Ann Manuf Technol 61(1):91–94. doi:10.1016/j.cirp.2012.03.036

High speed steel cutting toolslist

Isbilir O, Ghassemieh E (2013) Numerical investigation of the effects of drill geometry on drilling induced delamination of carbon fiber reinforced composites. Compos Struct 105:126–133. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.04.026

Griggs leads the industry in high speed steels, not only for the quality of our steels but also for affordability, rapid response and delivery, ISO-9001 expertise and dedicated customer service. Every order includes a certificate of quality, and we’re ready to back that by refunding you if our high speed steel fails due to defects. Contact us today to request a quote and learn more about our options and how they can benefit you.

Over forty classifications of high speed steel are recognized by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), and more still are also produced by manufacturers. Two general categories comprise these various classifications: those primarily alloyed by tungsten and those alloyed by molybdenum.

Wang X, Kwon PY, Sturtevant C, Kim D, Lantrip J (2013) Tool wear of coated drills in drilling CFRP. J Manuf Process 15(1):127–135. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2012.09.019

Davim JP, Rubio JC, Abrao AM (2007) A novel approach based on digital image analysis to evaluate the delamination factor after drilling composite laminates. Compos Sci Technol 67(9):1939–1945. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.10.009

Besthigh speed steel cutting tools

Additionally, we manufacture several grades using the proprietary Crucible Particle Metallurgy process, a form of powder metallurgy. This involves pouring the molten alloy through a spray nozzle and atomizing it to produce tiny droplets of steel that quickly cool into a fine powder, stored in sealed and decontaminated capsules.

Tsao CC, Kuo KL, Hsu IC (2012) Evaluation of a novel approach to a delamination factor after drilling composite laminates using a core–saw drill. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 59 (5):617–622. doi:10.1007/s00170-011-3532-y

Though not traditionally considered to be cutting tools, punches, dies and other components in progressive stamping can also be made from high speed steel. Additionally, the properties of high speed steels, particularly hardness and wear resistance, are desirable for hand tools such as chisels, files, blades for hand planes and kitchen and pocket knives.

1/2 hss lathetools

Durão LMP, Tavares JMRS, de Albuquerque VHC, Gonçalves DJS (2013) Damage evaluation of drilled carbon/epoxy laminates based on area assessment methods. Compos Struct 96:576–583. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.08.003

Norseman Drill bits

Niezgoda T, Derewońko A (2009) Multiscale composite FEM modeling. Procedia Eng 1(1):209–212. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2009.06.049

Cherniaev A, Telichev I (2015) Meso-scale modeling of hypervelocity impact damage in composite laminates. Compos Part B Eng 74:95–103. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.01.010

We produce and ship HSS stock in the form of block sheets, plates and hardened round bars of various sizes. Our regular inventory includes the M2, M3, M4, M7 and M42 grades of high speed steel. M2 is widely considered the industry standard for high speed steels, well-balanced in toughness, abrasion resistance and hot hardness for general purpose, replacing the original T1 grade in most uses due to the molybdenum inclusion improving most properties and being more economic.

Capello E (2004) Workpiece damping and its effect on delamination damage in drilling thin composite laminates. J Mater Process Technol 148(2):186–195

Burns LA, Mouritz AP, Pook D, Feih S (2012) Strength improvement to composite T-joints under bending through bio-inspired design. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 43(11):1971–1980. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.06.017

Ha SJ, Kim KB, Yang JK, Cho MW (2017) Influence of cutting temperature on carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites in high-speed machining. J Mech Sci Technol 31(4):1861–1867. doi:10.1007/s12206-017-0333-8

Madhavan V, Lipczynski G, Lane B, Whitenton E (2015) Fiber orientation angle effects in machining of unidirectional CFRP laminated composites. J Manuf Process 20, Part 2:431–442. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2014.06.001

Sanda A, Arriola I, Garcia Navas V, Bengoetxea I, Gonzalo O (2016) Ultrasonically assisted drilling of carbon fibre reinforced plastics and Ti6Al4V. J Manuf Process 22:169–176. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.03.003

Stier B, Simon JW, Reese S (2015) Comparing experimental results to a numerical meso-scale approach for woven fiber reinforced plastics. Compos Struct 122:553–560. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.015

Tsao CC (2008) Prediction of thrust force of step drill in drilling composite material by Taguchi method and radial basis function network. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 36(1-2):11–18. doi:10.1007/s00170-006-0808-8

Bednarcyk BA, Stier B, Simon J-W, Reese S, Pineda EJ (2015) Meso- and micro-scale modeling of damage in plain weave composites. Compos Struct 121:258–270. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.013

HSS Lathe Tool Blanks

Another common treatment is titanium nitride (TiN) via physical vapor deposition, which enhances edge retention significantly. This, combined with a lower coefficient of friction, means an extended lifespan and improved machining, though TiN-coated tools react adversely with titanium or nickel alloys.

Norseman Magnum Super Premium Drill bits

Tools made of high speed steel frequently keep a sharp edge for longer than other carbon steels, and the variety of grades and surface treatments available provide options for specialized applications. These products see use anywhere from woodworking to machining high-grade alloys.

High speed steel tools often receive a bright or black oxide finish for use with non-ferrous or ferrous metals, respectively. Other coatings and treatments are possible, as well. Nitriding diffuses nitrogen into the surface of the steel during heat treatment, producing a case-hardened surface that shows higher wear resistance at the expense of notch hardness.

High speed steel comprises a set of steel alloys named for their capacity to cut materials faster than traditional high-carbon steels previously used in cutting tools. This is on account of exceptional hardness, abrasion resistance and resistance against softening at high temperatures, owing to the alloying metals and heat treatment used. We follow the American Society for Testing and Materials in its definition of high speed steel as given in Specification A600-79—a high-carbon steel containing tungsten and/or molybdenum, along with chromium, vanadium and sometimes cobalt.

Halim NFHA, Ascroft H, Barnes S (2017) Analysis of tool wear, cutting force, surface roughness and machining temperature during finishing operation of ultrasonic assisted milling (UAM) of carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP). Procedia Eng 184:185–191. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.084

Shan C, Dang J, Yan J, Zhang X (2017) Three-dimensional numerical simulation for drilling of 2.5d carbon/carbon composites. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. doi:10.1007/s00170-017-0653-y

Roos R, Kress G, Ermanni P (2007) A post-processing method for interlaminar normal stresses in doubly curved laminates. Compos Struct 81(3):463–470. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.09.016

Phadnis VA, Makhdum F, Roy A, Silberschmidt VV (2013) Drilling in carbon/epoxy composites: experimental investigations and finite element implementation. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 47:41–51. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.11.020

Delamination is one of the major damages associated with drilling carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP), Peel-up and Push-out are two recognizable delamination mechanisms, while drilling without using a back-up plate under the workpiece complicates the delamination mechanism even more. Minimizing delamination is dependent on many factors such as cutting parameters, geometry and type of drill bits used. The objective of this study is to present a new approach to measure the equivalent adjusted delamination factor (F e d a ) when drilling unidirectional CFRP laminates without using a back-up plate and comparing it experimentally and numerically with conventional delamination factor (F d ) and adjusted delamination factor (F d a ). A polycrystalline diamond (PCD) twist drill and a special diamond coated double point angle drill was used for drilling in this study. The 3D finite element model was developed in ANSYS-Explicit to simulate the drilling process using the ply-based modeling method instead of a conventional zone-based concept. Experimental drilling validation process was implemented by utilizing a CNC machining center. Results show that the F e d a obtained is suitable to estimate the drilling induced damages, damage analysis shows that good agreements were obtained from the experiments and finite element method (FEM) simulation, while the special diamond coated double point angle drill seemed to provide a better hole quality, and drilling induced damage is highly affected by feed rate which is considered one of the important parameter.

Gaitonde V, Karnik S, Rubio JC, Correia AE, Abrão A, Davim JP (2011) A study aimed at minimizing delamination during drilling of CFRP composites. J Compos Mater 45(22):2359–2368

Our particle metals include the standard grades M4, T15, M48 and A11 (a primarily vanadium-based steel); these are also included in the regular inventory. The fine-grained and uniform structure of these particle metals grants them high impact toughness and makes them exceptional for cold working.

Gudimetla P, Kharidi A, Yarlagadda P (2009) Simulation of delaminations in composite laminates. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on precision, meso, micro and nano engineering

The powder is then subject to hot isostatic pressing—a combination of high pressure and near-melting point temperature—to compact it. This produces a fine-grained, homogeneous bulk structure with a uniform distribution of carbides and little to no precipitation of alloying elements. We refer to the resulting alloys as particle metals, designated with PM.

High speed steel cutting toolsprice

Camanho PP, Dávila CG (2002) Mixed-mode decohesion finite elements for the simulation of delamination in composite materials. NASA/TM-2002-211737

Yuan S, Zhang C, Amin M, Fan H, Liu M (2015) Development of a cutting force prediction model based on brittle fracture for carbon fiber reinforced polymers for rotary ultrasonic drilling. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 81(5):1223–1231. doi:10.1007/s00170-015-7269-x

The chief alloying elements have a strong influence on the properties of high speed steel, and the various grades were developed through extensive experimentation.

Al-wandi, S., Ding, S. & Mo, J. An approach to evaluate delamination factor when drilling carbon fiber-reinforced plastics using different drill geometries: experiment and finite element study. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 93, 4043–4061 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-017-0880-2

Each grade is designated with T or M, respectively, as well as a unique number distinguishing it from other grades. Despite this naming, all but two M-type steels also contain some tungsten, and all T-types but one contain some amount of molybdenum; both of these form the metal carbides essential to achieving the desired properties. ASTM specifications exist for 7 T-types and 17 M-types.

Rakesh PK, Sharma V, Singh I, Kumar D (2011) Delamination in fiber reinforced plastics: a finite element approach. Engineering 03(05):549–549

Sato N, Hojo M, Nishikawa M (2015) Intralaminar fatigue crack growth properties of conventional and interlayer toughened CFRP laminate under mode I loading. Compos A: Appl Sci Manuf 68:202–211. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.09.031

Feito N, López-Puente J, Santiuste C, Miguélez MH (2014) Numerical prediction of delamination in CFRP drilling. Compos Struct 108:677–683. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.014

For decades, Griggs Steel has provided quality high speed steel to many clients for all of their machining and fabrication needs. Our standards for both our products and service keep us moving forward to satisfy customers and build lasting relationships with them. What is high speed steel? What makes it stand out in industry, and what can we make for you?

Other HSS grades are used instead for more specific applications, typically for better wear resistance or hot hardness. M3, M4 and M7 feature increased carbon and vanadium for higher abrasion resistance and grindability, and M42 possesses a high cobalt content that gives it exceptional hot hardness.