The many applications of vacuum deposition processes span industries. Manufacturers use vapour deposition in solar cells, medical implants, LED displays, and other products.

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The sputtering process uses plasma ions moving at high speeds to release atoms from the source material. The atoms in the reaction chamber stick to the target substrate. Korvus Technology’s HEX Series thin film deposition system supports several techniques, including sputtering.

PVD can improve a substrate’s tolerance to high temperatures and ablation, ideal for glass and decorative coatings, diffusion barriers, and aerospace technology.

Physical vapour deposition is an often-used method for coating inorganic materials, such as metal and some organic materials. It offers many advantages, including the following:

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The high-temperature CVD process creates thin films with superior purity and uniformity. Applications include protective layers, semiconductors, and more [1].

Physical vapour deposition takes a solid precursor material and turns it into a gas in a reacting chamber, where the atoms deposit a thin film onto a substrate through condensation. Most PVD coating applications use the following techniques:

[1] Asatekin, A., Barr, M. C., Baxamusa, S. H., Lau, K. K. S., Tenhaeff, W., Xu, J., & Gleason, K. K. (2010). Designing polymer surfaces via vapor deposition. Materials Today, 13:5, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(10)70081-x

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Chemical vapour deposition provides a versatile process for coating the surface of a substrate. When considering PVD vs CVD, keep in mind these advantages of the CVD method:

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[2] Musbah, A., & Eljaafari, W., Fessatwi, E., & Elsahli, Y. (2022). Comparison Between Chemical Vapor Deposition CVD and Physical Vapor Deposition PVD Coating Techniques: A Review Paper. February 2022.

If you’re looking for a compact, high-performance PVD system, Korvus’ HEX series modular PVD system supports sputtering, thermal evaporation, sample preparation, pulsed laser deposition, and organic PVD thin film deposition.

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Thermal evaporation vaporises a coating material, turning it into a gas. The released atoms enter a reaction chamber and coat the surface of a substrate material in a very thin layer.

PVD and CVD coating processes also differ in how well they coat the substrate. PVD does not perform as well on the sides and back of the coating substrate, whereas CVD techniques produce a uniform thin coat on uneven surfaces.

The coating process is the main difference between PVD and CVD. Physical vapour deposition uses physical reactions to change a liquid source material to a gas. The material then returns to its solid state as a thin layer on the surface of the substrate.

Chemical vapour deposition creates thin films using chemical reactions. The polymerisation and coating phases occur at the same time, which creates copolymers of different monomers for a broad range of applications [1].

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To summarise, PVD and CVD both function as methods of binding the desired layer to a substrate material. The primary difference is that PVD uses a liquid source material to create a thin film, while CVD uses a gaseous source material.

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Manufacturers and researchers use one of two types of thin film deposition: physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). Between PVD and CVD, your ideal system will depend on your substrates and application needs, including performance at a high temperature.

PVD deposition occurs at a relatively low temperature, up to 450 degrees Celsius. CVD deposition requires higher temperatures above 900 degrees Celsius [2]. Due to the high temperatures, the CVD process often includes heat treatment of the coated surface.

Every vapour deposition application comes with different requirements, and we can provide a custom solution that meets your needs. The versatile HEX series provides the perfect system to teach thin film methodology, research new coatings, or deposit thin films through benchtop production.

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When comparing PVD and CVD costs, PVD tends to cost more than CVD, but many manufacturers consider PVD best for their applications.

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[3] David L. Chandler. Explained: Chemical vapor deposition. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. https://news.mit.edu/2015/explained-chemical-vapor-deposition-0619. Accessed 02 November 2022.

Below, we explore PVD vs CVD by explaining both techniques and presenting the advantages of each to help you choose your ideal system.

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Chemical vapour deposition is similar to PVD, but the difference is that CVD uses volatile precursors to deposit a gaseous source material onto the substrate’s surface. Chemical reactions initiated through heat or pressure cause the coating material to form a thin film on the substrate in the reacting chamber.

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PVD and CVD suit different applications, depending on purity, speed, and cost requirements. You may choose a CVD system to form graphene sheets for electronics, or you may select a PVD system for metal coating with plasma ions for solar panels.

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[4] Selvakumar, N., & Barshilia, H. C. (2012). Review of physical vapor deposited (PVD) spectrally selective coatings for mid- and high-temperature solar thermal applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 98, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.10.028

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