Fixture devices are custom-made workholding devices that are designed to fit the specific shape and features of the workpiece. Fixture devices can provide a precise and stable positioning and orientation of the workpiece, and enable complex and multi-sided machining operations. Fixture devices are often used for high-volume and high-precision applications, such as aerospace or automotive parts. However, fixture devices are also expensive, time-consuming, and inflexible, as they require careful planning, fabrication, and testing, and they cannot be easily modified or reused for different workpieces.

When selecting workholding devices for different applications in robotics, consider the specific needs of the task, such as the weight, size, and shape of the objects to be manipulated. Assess the environment, including any temperature extremes, vibrations, or other conditions that might affect the device's performance. Look for adaptability and ease of integration with existing robotic systems, ensuring that the device can be easily programmed and controlled. Prioritize devices with a proven track record of durability and reliability to minimize downtime and maintenance needs. Also, do not forget to consider the safety features of the device to protect both the robot and the human operators.

Modular devices are workholding devices that are composed of standardized and interchangeable components, such as base plates, columns, blocks, clamps, pins, or bushings. Modular devices can offer a high degree of flexibility and adaptability, as they can be configured and reconfigured to suit different workpiece shapes, sizes, and orientations. Modular devices are also cost-effective and efficient, as they can reduce the setup time and the inventory of workholding devices. However, modular devices may not be able to provide the same level of accuracy and rigidity as dedicated fixture devices, and they may require more space and maintenance.

Vacuum devices use suction cups or pads to create a vacuum between the workpiece and the device, and hold the workpiece by atmospheric pressure. Vacuum devices are ideal for holding thin, flat, or flexible workpieces, such as sheet metal, plastic, or wood, as they do not deform or damage the workpiece surface. Vacuum devices are also useful for holding large or irregular workpieces, as they can cover a large area and conform to the workpiece shape. However, vacuum devices require a reliable and continuous vacuum source, and they may not be able to withstand high machining forces or vibrations.

Fixtures can be elementary for working on or machining the workpiece. Some companies can design and build them in-house, something from a third party is necessary. Here it is important, that you take the right measures and requirements, as fixtures can be easily cost a few thousand Euros, especially if they made out of metal. In my experience, this important often is overlooked in the process and working students are responsible for this, which can be risky, for high-volume or expensive products.

Magnetic devices use permanent magnets or electromagnets to generate a magnetic field that attracts and holds the workpiece. Magnetic devices are suitable for holding ferromagnetic workpieces, such as steel or iron, as they can provide a high clamping force and a uniform contact area. Magnetic devices are also easy to operate and switch on and off, and they do not interfere with the machining process or tool access. However, magnetic devices may not be able to hold non-ferromagnetic or thin workpieces, and they may induce residual magnetism or heat in the workpiece.

When using vacuum devices, it is always important to plan the entire peripheries around the working station as well, as it can be challenging to provide the necessary equipment at all places. Another point to consider: some need to know how to maintain and repair those devices, this is often neglected but can be crucial in running production.

Clamping devices are the most widely used workholding devices, as they can accommodate a variety of workpiece shapes and sizes, and provide a strong and rigid grip. Clamping devices can be classified into two types: mechanical and hydraulic. Mechanical clamps use screws, levers, cams, or wedges to apply force on the workpiece, while hydraulic clamps use fluid pressure to generate clamping force. Mechanical clamps are more suitable for low-speed and low-force applications, as they are cheaper, simpler, and easier to adjust. Hydraulic clamps are more suitable for high-speed and high-force applications, as they are faster, more consistent, and more compact.

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To connect the gripper/end effector with the flange a clamping device offers many advantages: you can change between different robots/applications more easily, without the need to rip off the entire set up. This comes especially handy in labs, where most of the work is done on different applications.

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Workholding devices are essential components of any robotic machining system, as they secure the workpiece and enable precise and consistent operations. However, choosing the right workholding device for different applications can be challenging, as there are many factors to consider, such as the shape, size, material, and tolerance of the workpiece, the type and speed of the machining process, the space and flexibility of the robot, and the cost and availability of the device. In this article, you will learn some general guidelines and tips on how to select workholding devices for different applications, based on the common categories and characteristics of these devices.

I would like to make a suggestion with regard to the toggle clamp. Toggle clamp that is basically a fastening element has various ranges of application in several branches of industry.It provides maximum holding,pushing pulling and squeezing forces with minumum power . If I had to mention the suggestion; Using a locked toggle clamp in a vibrating environment will produce more accurate and healthier results in terms of your product fixation. Thanks to the locking mechanism, the position of the clamp will not be disturbed, no matter how much it is moved.

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