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This formula is used to calculate the table feed per minute (feed rate) from the feed per tooth, the number of teeth, and the spindle speed. Example: Feed per tooth (fz) = 0.2 mm/toothNumber of teeth (z) = 8Spindle speed (n) = 600 min-1In this case, the table feed rate is 960 mm/min.

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Welders may specialize in certain types of welding, such as custom fabrication, shipbuilding and repair, pressure vessel welding, pipeline construction welding, structural construction welding or machinery and equipment repair welding.

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Welders use manual or semi-automatic welding equipment. They use flame-cutting, brazing, and air-arcing equipment. Additionally, they use brakes, shears, and other metal straightening and bending machines. They generally plan work from drawings or by analyzing the job tasks, determine the materials required and welding processes, then use their knowledge to complete the job. Welders use blueprint symbols to determine machining operations. They check product specifications using precision measuring instruments, maintain equipment and replace parts when required. Welders use a logbook to record training, competencies, certifications, endorsements and employment history.

This formula is used to calculate the net power required for face milling based on the depth and width of cut, the table feed per minute, the specific cutting force, and the machine efficiency. Example of calculating the net power required to cut tool steel with: Depth of cut (ap) = 5 mmWidth of cut (ae) = 70 mmTable feed per minute (vf) = 300 mm/min Other conditions: Specific cutting force (Kc) = 1800 MPaMachine efficiency (η) = 80% (0.8)Cutting speed (vc) = 80 m/minCutter diameter (DC) = 250 mmNumber of teeth (z) = 16 In this case, first you calculate the spindle speed (n) and then the feed per tooth of the cutter (fz). Spindle speed (n) = 1000・vc ÷ π・D = (1000 × 80) ÷ (3.14 × 250) = 101.91 min-1Feed per tooth (fz) = vf ÷ (Z × n) = 300 ÷ (16 × 101.91) = 0.184 mm/toothSubstitute the above into the formula: Pc = (5 × 70 × 300 × 1800) ÷ (60 × 106× 0.8) = 3.937 kwThe net power required for face milling (Pc) is approximately 3.94 kW.

Northern Lights College serves the communities of Northern British Columbia that are located on the territories of the Cree, Dene, Dunne-Za, Kaska, Saulteau, Tse’khene, Tahltan, and Tlingit. We also recognize Metis Nation BC members who live in this area of our beautiful province. We acknowledge our hosts and honour their gracious welcome to those seeking knowledge.

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Students must provide personal protective equipment (CSA approved leather boot with safety toe and shank, clear lense safety glasses, flame resistant coveralls, welders’ safety clothing, leather gloves, leather jacket or apron, welding helmet, and cutting goggles).  Students are required to have a computer (laptop or other mobile device) with minimum computer requirements.

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This formula is used to calculate the machining time from the total table feed length and the table feed per minute (feed rate). Example of finishing a block of FC200 cast iron to have a flat surface of: Width = 150 mLength = 250 mmFace milling conditions used: Feed per tooth (fz) = 0.35 mmNumber of teeth (z) = 12Spindle speed (n) = 200 min-1Cutting speed (vc) = 120 m/minFace mill diameter (D1) = 220 mmIn this case, the table feed per minute (vf) and the total table feed length (L) are:vf = 0.35 × 12 × 200 = 840 mm/minL = 350 + 220 = 570 mmSubstitute these values into the formula: Tc = L ÷ vf = 570 ÷ 1120 = 0.679 (min) × 60 = 40.74 (sec)The machining time (Tc) is approximately 40.74 seconds.

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This formula is used to calculate the cutting speed from the spindle speed and the outer diameter of the cutter. Example: Cutter diameter (DC) = 100 mmSpindle speed (n) = 400 min-1In this case, the cutting speed (vc) is approximately 125.6 m/min.

Welders can specialize in certain types of welding such as custom fabrication, shipbuilding and repair, pressure vessel welding, pipeline construction welding, structural construction welding or machinery and equipment repair welding. Welders can find employment with companies that manufacture structural steel and plate work, boilers, heavy machinery, aircraft, ships, and other metal products, and by welding contractors and welding shops. They also may be self-employed in the industry.

Welders weld ferrous and non-ferrous metals in all positions, on both plate and pipe, using SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding), GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding), and FCAW (Flux-Cored Arc Welding) processes.

This page introduces formulas for calculating basic parameters necessary for face milling. The figures obtained from the calculation are for reference only. The conditions for machining depend on the machine tool you are using. Use the optimal conditions according to your actual machining circumstances.

Students who complete the Welder Foundation program will receive Levels 1 and 2 technical training and 300 work-based hours credit toward completing their Welder Apprenticeship. Certified welders will qualify to test for Pressure Welding IT Procedure tests administered by Technical Safety BC (TSBC).

The program is eligible for Canada Student Loans. Visit Student Aid BC to apply for financial assistance online.  Note that dual credit students are not eligible for Student Aid.

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This formula is used to calculate the feed per tooth from the table feed per minute (feed rate), the number of teeth, and the spindle speed. Example: Table feed per minute (vf) = 450 mm/minNumber of teeth (z) = 10Spindle speed (n) = 600 min-1In this case, the feed per tooth (f) is 0.075 mm/t.