Down milling is often considered better due to its advantages like improved chip evacuation, reduced cutting forces, potentially longer tool life, and smoother surface finish. However, the choice between up milling and down milling depends on factors like material, machine setup, and desired outcome.

This part of the holder code always matches the first letter of the insert that is suited to it. There are slight indicators as to what letter is for what shape, but these are only loosely based on the more popular shapes so shouldn’t be adhered to all the time, such as S= Square Insert, T= Triangle Insert and R= Round Insert, but that’s about as far as it goes in simple terms, please see below the legend chart for all Insert Shapes and the angles of them:

In the realm of CNC machining, where precision and efficiency reign supreme, up milling and down milling are two techniques used in CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining, especially in milling operations. These techniques refer to the direction of the cutting tool’s rotation in relation to the direction of the workpiece feed.

Advantagesanddisadvantages ofup milling and down milling

Up milling (climb milling) offers reduced workpiece deflection and lower cutting temperatures but suffers from poor chip evacuation and higher cutting forces at the start. Down milling (conventional milling) provides better chip evacuation and lower cutting forces but may cause workpiece lift and higher cutting temperatures. The choice between the two depends on factors like material properties and machining requirements.

The next letter in the code represents the full length of the bar (from the end of the shank to the top of the insert), which unlike the diameter is not represented by a number. To the right is the full list of letters and their corresponding lengths.

This article was written by engineers from the BOYI team. Fuquan Chen is a professional engineer and technical expert with 20 years of experience in rapid prototyping, mold manufacturing, and plastic injection molding.

Machining efficiency: Although up milling typically achieves higher precision, the cutting speed may be limited due to lower cutting forces, affecting machining efficiency. On the other hand, down milling, with its higher cutting forces, may be more suitable for applications requiring higher machining speeds.

Up milling and down millingwhich is better

Down milling, also known as climb milling, in down milling, the thickness of the chips is at its maximum at the beginning, decreasing as the cut progresses, resulting in reduced chip deformation. The cutting forces are directed towards the workpiece.

Dimensional accuracy: In up milling, the direction of cutting forces helps to keep the workpiece stable, thus usually achieving better dimensional accuracy. In contrast, down milling may be affected by cutting forces causing workpiece lifting, which can result in larger dimensional deviations.

In summary, while up milling and down milling achieve similar results in terms of material removal, they differ in terms of cutting forces, surface finish, and tool wear. The choice between them depends on factors such as the material being machined, the rigidity of the setup, desired surface finish, and the type of CNC machine being used.BOYI provides a chart to summarize and facilitate everyone’s decision-making.

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It offers better chip evacuation, reduced cutting forces directed into the workpiece, potentially longer tool life, and smoother surface finish. These benefits contribute to improved machining efficiency and higher-quality finished parts.

Up milling and down millingpdf

One of the most important aspects to your tool holder is the orientation – whether it is left hand, right hand or a neutral (centred) type. Having these options can allow you to cut in multiple directions. Please see to the right a visual representation of turning tool hand types.

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What is climbmilling

If the boring bar code begins with a 'C', this means it is made from carbide, which is more expensive however carbide is more rigid than steel and can help eliminate any vibration thus providing a better surface finish,

There are 5 different clamping methods on boring bars. These can all vary depending on what insert is used or the shape of the tool. They also have different levels of rigidity/clamping force. See the legend chart below for what types are available and how they clamp:

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The seventh letter of the holder code, which defines the relief (or clearance) angle of the insert also matches the 2nd letter of the insert that is suited to it. There are various clearance angles that are available, these can all be seen below:

Two positive angles and two negative angles that are coterminal with the given angle, 3π/4 is positive angle: 11π/4, 19π/4 and negative angle: -5π/4, -13π/4.

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In this exploration, we delve into the fundamental differences between up milling and down milling, examining their respective advantages, limitations, and applications. You can also find out more about our cnc tips.

This one is fairly straightforward. The next part of the ISO code is just the diameter of the shank (in mm). So in the example above, the diameter of this bar is 12mm. This is important to know so you can:

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The first letter of the code refers to the material that the boring bar is made from and whether it is solid or has through coolant capabilities. If this is an 'S' (like the above), this means it is made from steel which is ideal for general purpose boring or for those on a budget. If it is 'A' then it means it is made from steel but with a hollow bore through it to allow for through coolant.

Cutting process stability: The cutting process in up milling is relatively stable, with chip evacuation being smoother, thereby reducing vibration and instability factors during machining, and enhancing machining precision.

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Up milling, also known as conventional milling, in up milling, the thickness of the chips starts at zero and gradually increases until the end of the cut. The milling process includes a polishing effect. The cutting forces tend to lift the workpiece (there is a tendency to raise the workpiece).

Climb vs conventionalmillingsurface finish

Up milling and down millingare the subtype of

For achieving good surface quality, we typically use down milling. Down milling is suitable for machining ductile materials and when high material removal rates are required. It can also be utilized for harder metals like titanium, vanadium titanium alloys, and metal ceramics. Throughout the machining process, it can execute various cutting forms including grooves, holes, boring, helical milling, recesses, and chamfers.

So knowing the codes doesn’t just help you with the tool holders themselves but it also helps you find the inserts to suit. To the right is a chart showing the different cutting edges each insert has and what the lengths are based on:

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Surface quality: up milling typically achieves higher surface quality because the cutting process is more stable, reducing the likelihood of vibration and workpiece lifting. This helps to reduce surface roughness and improve the surface finish of the workpiece.

Next we have the lead angle of the bar, which is also known as the approach angle of the insert, which will vary based on both the tool and the insert style. To the right is the full list of codes and approach angles.

In up milling, the rotation direction of the cutting tool is opposite to the feed direction of the workpiece, resulting in cutting forces directed upwards and the chips gradually increasing from thin to thick. Conversely, in down milling, the rotation direction of the cutting tool aligns with the feed direction of the workpiece, causing cutting forces to be directed downwards and the chips decreasing gradually from thick to thin. These two cutting methods exhibit differences in cutting forces, surface quality, chip morphology, and tool wear, so the choice between them should consider factors such as material properties, surface roughness requirements, and machine tool performance.

All Turning Tools and Boring Bars contain various numbers and letters within their part numbers and believe it or not, these actually mean something. It is extremely valuable to know what each letter or number might indicate because it may help you find the right product or even stop you before you order the wrong one.

Climbmillingis also known as

Difference betweenup milling and down milling

This final part of the code recognises the length of the inserts cutting edge that is being used in the tool. So using the example at the top of the article, it has 12 at the end which signifies a 12mm cutting edge length. These numbers will also match the first two digits that are used in an insert. So with the example at the top of the article we now know using points 2, 4 and 9 we can find the insert to suit that holder, In this case it would be TP**11 inserts.

The cutting method refers to the relative motion between the cutting tool and the workpiece during the machining process.

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Up milling is suitable for machining brittle materials and when cutting forces need to be minimized. However, it may not be as efficient as down milling in certain applications, especially when dealing with ductile materials or when higher material removal rates are required.