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These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Oct 2, 2017 — The SFM calculation utilizes the industry standard of 3.82. Here, the cutter diameter of the chosen tool is multiplied by the speed or RPM. This ...

Cutting speed formulaPDF

The selection of the right cutting speed is important while working with automatic machining devices, but is even more significant when used in numerically controlled mills or lathes.

Each of the machining parameters is dependent on the selected material and its machining susceptibility. Among others – this is the reason why the cutting speed for steel machining will be different than the parameters recommended in the case of aluminum machining.

Formula cutting speedcalculator

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The below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

The definition of cutting speed (Vc) is pretty simple: it is the movement speed (linear) of a machined surface with respect to a machined element. In other words – it is a measure of travel in time, described in meters per minute (or feet per minute).Machining speed is one of the key parameters of machining – the chip processing; on the other hand, remains important for the grinding process. In measurements and technical documentation that parameter is described as Vc (V = velocity; c = cutting). Such a parameter is often called 'cutting velocity', but this is not fully accurate (due to differences between these two). Cutting speed is often given by a cutting tool manufacturer (cutter, turning bit, etc.) in regard to typical materials with known machinability properties. Selection of the best possible cutting speed depends on the operator's awareness of aspects like:

Oct 26, 2024 — Feed rate is the speed at which the workpiece moves relative to the cutting tool, often measured in inches per minute (IPM).

Stainless steels, as their name suggests, are a group of steel alloys with a shiny appearance and good corrosion resistance. The base element (70-80%) is Iron (Fe) with a minimum of 10.5% Chromium; most grades will have additional alloying elements such as nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo).types of Stainless SteelPropertyAusteniticMartensiticFeriticPHDuplexCorrosion ResistanceExcelentFairGoodGoodExcelent++Magnetic?NoYesYesNoNoHeat Treatable?NoYesNoYesNoMachinability35-75%40-75%40-75%40-50%20-30%Hardness~180Max 600~200Max 400~280Strength [Kpsi]~90~120~100~200~250Cr16-20%11-14%11-18%14-17%18-30%Ni6-15%0-2%0-1%4-8%4-7%Mo2-4%-0-1.2%1.5-2.5%0-5%On which stainless steel group do you want to learn?AusteniticFerriticMartensiticPHDuplexAustenitic Stainless SteelAustenitic is the most popular family of Stainless steel and is characterized by high Chromium content, up to 20%, with the addition of Nickel of up to 15%. Due to the high nickel content, It has better corrosion resistance, but it is harder to machine. It lacks strength and hardness compared to other types of Stainless Steel. Most alloys in this series have low carbon content, below 0.1%. This makes them ductile; therefore, chip control and BUE are significant concerns for machinists. Alloys with the suffix “L” (For example 304L / 316L), have minimal carbon content (Usually 0.03%), which makes them even more problematic for machining.Main Features of Austenitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion resistance: Excellent.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 16-20.0%Nickel content: 6-15%Molybdenum content: 2-4%Typical max Hardness: 180 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 90 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 303, 304, and 316.Typical parts: Valves and fasteners in a chemically harsh environment, Marine, Medical.Machinability of Austenitic Stainless-Steel 300 series (303/304/316)Main Problems:High cutting forces.Heat.Build up Edge – Workpiece material sticking to the cutting edge.Notch Wear (Vg) – High wear developing at the depth of cut line.Higher Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo) content decrease machinability.Best Practice:Use TiAlN PVD grades or thin-layer CVD grades.Use a good supply of coolant directed to the cutting edge.Avoid machining at a constant depth of cut to reduce the risk of Vg (Notch Wear).Grades WizardCarbide Grades for Stainless SteelsSpeed and Feed CalculatorCutting Speeds for Stainless SteelMain Materials:SAE 303 (Din X10CrNiS18-10) is considered a “Free-Cutting” material and is the easiest to machine Austenitic Stainless Steel. This is achieved by adding Sulfur and Selenium to 304. However, it comes with the “price” of lower corrosion resistance.SAE 304 (Din X5CrNi18-10) is the most popular and versatile Stainless Steel type. It has good corrosion resistance and still maintains fair machinability. It is easier to machine and cheaper compared to 316.SAE 316 (Din X5CrNiMo17-12-2) is the most popular stainless steel for harsh environments. The main difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel is that 316 contains an increased amount of molybdenum. This additive gives 316 very good heat and corrosion resistance. However, it is the most difficult to machine among the commonly used stainless steels.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 300 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling30375%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min30440%600 SFM 180 mm/min330 SFM 100 mm/min31636%500 SFM 150 mm/min260 SFM 80 mm/minMartensitic Stainless SteelIt is the second group in terms of popularity, characterized by Chromium content of up to 14% with almost no nickel. This group of alloys can be heat-treated and hardened, therefore providing higher strength. However, it has corrosion resistance only in atmospheric conditions and cannot be used in harsh environments.Main Features of Martensitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Moderate.Magnetic: Yes.Heat Treatable: Yes.Chromium content: 11-14%Nickel content: 0-2%Molybdenum content: None.Typical max Hardness: 600 HB (After heat treatment).Typical Tensile Strength: 120 [Kpsi].Popular materilas: SAE 420 / 440.Typical parts: Razor blades, Surgical instruments, and other parts that require higher strength but are less critical in terms of corrosion resistance.Ferritic Stainless SteelFerritic stainless steel materials have a Chromium content of up to 18% with almost no nickel. They have better corrosion resistance than Martensitic grades but less than Austenitic ones. It cannot be hardened by heat treatments.Main Features of Ferritic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Good – Moderate.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: YesChromium content: 11-18%Nickel content: 0-1%Molybdenum content: 0-1.25%.Typical max Hardness: 200 HB.Typical Tensile Strength: 100 [Kpsi].Popular grades: 409 / 430.Typical parts: Auto exhausts, grills, coffee machine parts, and other household appliances.Machinability of Ferritic/Martensitic Stainless-Steel 400 seriesMartensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Formula cutting speedchart

These differences are easy to identify by experienced operators of machining devices.On the other hand – while using new tools, operators should closely observe the effectiveness of recommended parameters to choose the perfect one.

PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Cutting speed for mills requires the movement velocity of the outer surface of the spindle in relation to the shaped object. A similar description fits also grinders (speed is calculated based on the used tool). That parameter in lathes machining describes the distance in time of the machined surface in relation to the cutting bit. As you can see – outer surfaces of the objects (machined and tools) are very important.Their speed is a base to calculate the actual cutting speed. It is worth mentioning the parameter is strongly connected with the revolution speed–cutter on the spindle of the lathe head. Precise selection of that parameter has also an impact on the degradation of machining blades – too low or too high can cause faster tool degradation. It is similar to the usage of the wrong tools to work with particular types of material.

It is the second group in terms of popularity, characterized by Chromium content of up to 14% with almost no nickel. This group of alloys can be heat-treated and hardened, therefore providing higher strength. However, it has corrosion resistance only in atmospheric conditions and cannot be used in harsh environments.Main Features of Martensitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Moderate.Magnetic: Yes.Heat Treatable: Yes.Chromium content: 11-14%Nickel content: 0-2%Molybdenum content: None.Typical max Hardness: 600 HB (After heat treatment).Typical Tensile Strength: 120 [Kpsi].Popular materilas: SAE 420 / 440.Typical parts: Razor blades, Surgical instruments, and other parts that require higher strength but are less critical in terms of corrosion resistance.Ferritic Stainless SteelFerritic stainless steel materials have a Chromium content of up to 18% with almost no nickel. They have better corrosion resistance than Martensitic grades but less than Austenitic ones. It cannot be hardened by heat treatments.Main Features of Ferritic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Good – Moderate.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: YesChromium content: 11-18%Nickel content: 0-1%Molybdenum content: 0-1.25%.Typical max Hardness: 200 HB.Typical Tensile Strength: 100 [Kpsi].Popular grades: 409 / 430.Typical parts: Auto exhausts, grills, coffee machine parts, and other household appliances.Machinability of Ferritic/Martensitic Stainless-Steel 400 seriesMartensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Cutting speed formulafor drilling

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Ferritic stainless steel materials have a Chromium content of up to 18% with almost no nickel. They have better corrosion resistance than Martensitic grades but less than Austenitic ones. It cannot be hardened by heat treatments.Main Features of Ferritic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Good – Moderate.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: YesChromium content: 11-18%Nickel content: 0-1%Molybdenum content: 0-1.25%.Typical max Hardness: 200 HB.Typical Tensile Strength: 100 [Kpsi].Popular grades: 409 / 430.Typical parts: Auto exhausts, grills, coffee machine parts, and other household appliances.Machinability of Ferritic/Martensitic Stainless-Steel 400 seriesMartensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

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CNC operators early observe the whole machining process – that is why the selection of the right parameters is so important. On the other hand – the selection of said parameters is the responsibility of a professional CNC machining operator.

Recommended feeds of Various Diameter Drills, Recommended speeds for standard materials with HSS Drills.

Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Cutting speedcalculator

Even when a tool manufacturer adds information about recommended Vc for a particular material, it is still good to know how to calculate that parameter – based on observation and knowledge. It is worth mentioning that there is a correlation between the hardness of the machined surface and the cutting speed value.

Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

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On top of the recommendation related to the bigger groups of material, there are differences between series or types of alloys. For example – milling aluminum of series 2xxx requires different parameters in the case of series 7xxx.

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Martensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

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Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Cutting speed formulafor turning

Cutting speed is one of the most important parameters of work of machining devices like lathes, mills, and others, designed for chip processing. Such parameters describe the speed of contact between material removal elements (like bits, blades, or cutters) and the material surface. Right cutting speed has a direct impact on tool longevity and the final effect of the machining surface.

Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

On which stainless steel group do you want to learn?AusteniticFerriticMartensiticPHDuplexAustenitic Stainless SteelAustenitic is the most popular family of Stainless steel and is characterized by high Chromium content, up to 20%, with the addition of Nickel of up to 15%. Due to the high nickel content, It has better corrosion resistance, but it is harder to machine. It lacks strength and hardness compared to other types of Stainless Steel. Most alloys in this series have low carbon content, below 0.1%. This makes them ductile; therefore, chip control and BUE are significant concerns for machinists. Alloys with the suffix “L” (For example 304L / 316L), have minimal carbon content (Usually 0.03%), which makes them even more problematic for machining.Main Features of Austenitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion resistance: Excellent.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 16-20.0%Nickel content: 6-15%Molybdenum content: 2-4%Typical max Hardness: 180 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 90 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 303, 304, and 316.Typical parts: Valves and fasteners in a chemically harsh environment, Marine, Medical.Machinability of Austenitic Stainless-Steel 300 series (303/304/316)Main Problems:High cutting forces.Heat.Build up Edge – Workpiece material sticking to the cutting edge.Notch Wear (Vg) – High wear developing at the depth of cut line.Higher Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo) content decrease machinability.Best Practice:Use TiAlN PVD grades or thin-layer CVD grades.Use a good supply of coolant directed to the cutting edge.Avoid machining at a constant depth of cut to reduce the risk of Vg (Notch Wear).Grades WizardCarbide Grades for Stainless SteelsSpeed and Feed CalculatorCutting Speeds for Stainless SteelMain Materials:SAE 303 (Din X10CrNiS18-10) is considered a “Free-Cutting” material and is the easiest to machine Austenitic Stainless Steel. This is achieved by adding Sulfur and Selenium to 304. However, it comes with the “price” of lower corrosion resistance.SAE 304 (Din X5CrNi18-10) is the most popular and versatile Stainless Steel type. It has good corrosion resistance and still maintains fair machinability. It is easier to machine and cheaper compared to 316.SAE 316 (Din X5CrNiMo17-12-2) is the most popular stainless steel for harsh environments. The main difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel is that 316 contains an increased amount of molybdenum. This additive gives 316 very good heat and corrosion resistance. However, it is the most difficult to machine among the commonly used stainless steels.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 300 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling30375%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min30440%600 SFM 180 mm/min330 SFM 100 mm/min31636%500 SFM 150 mm/min260 SFM 80 mm/minMartensitic Stainless SteelIt is the second group in terms of popularity, characterized by Chromium content of up to 14% with almost no nickel. This group of alloys can be heat-treated and hardened, therefore providing higher strength. However, it has corrosion resistance only in atmospheric conditions and cannot be used in harsh environments.Main Features of Martensitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Moderate.Magnetic: Yes.Heat Treatable: Yes.Chromium content: 11-14%Nickel content: 0-2%Molybdenum content: None.Typical max Hardness: 600 HB (After heat treatment).Typical Tensile Strength: 120 [Kpsi].Popular materilas: SAE 420 / 440.Typical parts: Razor blades, Surgical instruments, and other parts that require higher strength but are less critical in terms of corrosion resistance.Ferritic Stainless SteelFerritic stainless steel materials have a Chromium content of up to 18% with almost no nickel. They have better corrosion resistance than Martensitic grades but less than Austenitic ones. It cannot be hardened by heat treatments.Main Features of Ferritic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Good – Moderate.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: YesChromium content: 11-18%Nickel content: 0-1%Molybdenum content: 0-1.25%.Typical max Hardness: 200 HB.Typical Tensile Strength: 100 [Kpsi].Popular grades: 409 / 430.Typical parts: Auto exhausts, grills, coffee machine parts, and other household appliances.Machinability of Ferritic/Martensitic Stainless-Steel 400 seriesMartensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

Formula cutting speedin mm

Each tool, even used within specification, can degrade in time – this is a completely natural process. But there are some things that can impact the tool's life – among many: cutting speed. Wrongly selected can cause numerous problems, among many – tool degradation and a decrease in the surface quality of the machined part.

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Feed rateformulafor milling

Austenitic is the most popular family of Stainless steel and is characterized by high Chromium content, up to 20%, with the addition of Nickel of up to 15%. Due to the high nickel content, It has better corrosion resistance, but it is harder to machine. It lacks strength and hardness compared to other types of Stainless Steel. Most alloys in this series have low carbon content, below 0.1%. This makes them ductile; therefore, chip control and BUE are significant concerns for machinists. Alloys with the suffix “L” (For example 304L / 316L), have minimal carbon content (Usually 0.03%), which makes them even more problematic for machining.Main Features of Austenitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion resistance: Excellent.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 16-20.0%Nickel content: 6-15%Molybdenum content: 2-4%Typical max Hardness: 180 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 90 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 303, 304, and 316.Typical parts: Valves and fasteners in a chemically harsh environment, Marine, Medical.Machinability of Austenitic Stainless-Steel 300 series (303/304/316)Main Problems:High cutting forces.Heat.Build up Edge – Workpiece material sticking to the cutting edge.Notch Wear (Vg) – High wear developing at the depth of cut line.Higher Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo) content decrease machinability.Best Practice:Use TiAlN PVD grades or thin-layer CVD grades.Use a good supply of coolant directed to the cutting edge.Avoid machining at a constant depth of cut to reduce the risk of Vg (Notch Wear).Grades WizardCarbide Grades for Stainless SteelsSpeed and Feed CalculatorCutting Speeds for Stainless SteelMain Materials:SAE 303 (Din X10CrNiS18-10) is considered a “Free-Cutting” material and is the easiest to machine Austenitic Stainless Steel. This is achieved by adding Sulfur and Selenium to 304. However, it comes with the “price” of lower corrosion resistance.SAE 304 (Din X5CrNi18-10) is the most popular and versatile Stainless Steel type. It has good corrosion resistance and still maintains fair machinability. It is easier to machine and cheaper compared to 316.SAE 316 (Din X5CrNiMo17-12-2) is the most popular stainless steel for harsh environments. The main difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel is that 316 contains an increased amount of molybdenum. This additive gives 316 very good heat and corrosion resistance. However, it is the most difficult to machine among the commonly used stainless steels.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 300 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling30375%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min30440%600 SFM 180 mm/min330 SFM 100 mm/min31636%500 SFM 150 mm/min260 SFM 80 mm/minMartensitic Stainless SteelIt is the second group in terms of popularity, characterized by Chromium content of up to 14% with almost no nickel. This group of alloys can be heat-treated and hardened, therefore providing higher strength. However, it has corrosion resistance only in atmospheric conditions and cannot be used in harsh environments.Main Features of Martensitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Moderate.Magnetic: Yes.Heat Treatable: Yes.Chromium content: 11-14%Nickel content: 0-2%Molybdenum content: None.Typical max Hardness: 600 HB (After heat treatment).Typical Tensile Strength: 120 [Kpsi].Popular materilas: SAE 420 / 440.Typical parts: Razor blades, Surgical instruments, and other parts that require higher strength but are less critical in terms of corrosion resistance.Ferritic Stainless SteelFerritic stainless steel materials have a Chromium content of up to 18% with almost no nickel. They have better corrosion resistance than Martensitic grades but less than Austenitic ones. It cannot be hardened by heat treatments.Main Features of Ferritic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Good – Moderate.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: YesChromium content: 11-18%Nickel content: 0-1%Molybdenum content: 0-1.25%.Typical max Hardness: 200 HB.Typical Tensile Strength: 100 [Kpsi].Popular grades: 409 / 430.Typical parts: Auto exhausts, grills, coffee machine parts, and other household appliances.Machinability of Ferritic/Martensitic Stainless-Steel 400 seriesMartensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

PropertyAusteniticMartensiticFeriticPHDuplexCorrosion ResistanceExcelentFairGoodGoodExcelent++Magnetic?NoYesYesNoNoHeat Treatable?NoYesNoYesNoMachinability35-75%40-75%40-75%40-50%20-30%Hardness~180Max 600~200Max 400~280Strength [Kpsi]~90~120~100~200~250Cr16-20%11-14%11-18%14-17%18-30%Ni6-15%0-2%0-1%4-8%4-7%Mo2-4%-0-1.2%1.5-2.5%0-5%On which stainless steel group do you want to learn?AusteniticFerriticMartensiticPHDuplexAustenitic Stainless SteelAustenitic is the most popular family of Stainless steel and is characterized by high Chromium content, up to 20%, with the addition of Nickel of up to 15%. Due to the high nickel content, It has better corrosion resistance, but it is harder to machine. It lacks strength and hardness compared to other types of Stainless Steel. Most alloys in this series have low carbon content, below 0.1%. This makes them ductile; therefore, chip control and BUE are significant concerns for machinists. Alloys with the suffix “L” (For example 304L / 316L), have minimal carbon content (Usually 0.03%), which makes them even more problematic for machining.Main Features of Austenitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion resistance: Excellent.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 16-20.0%Nickel content: 6-15%Molybdenum content: 2-4%Typical max Hardness: 180 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 90 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 303, 304, and 316.Typical parts: Valves and fasteners in a chemically harsh environment, Marine, Medical.Machinability of Austenitic Stainless-Steel 300 series (303/304/316)Main Problems:High cutting forces.Heat.Build up Edge – Workpiece material sticking to the cutting edge.Notch Wear (Vg) – High wear developing at the depth of cut line.Higher Nickel (Ni) and Molybdenum (Mo) content decrease machinability.Best Practice:Use TiAlN PVD grades or thin-layer CVD grades.Use a good supply of coolant directed to the cutting edge.Avoid machining at a constant depth of cut to reduce the risk of Vg (Notch Wear).Grades WizardCarbide Grades for Stainless SteelsSpeed and Feed CalculatorCutting Speeds for Stainless SteelMain Materials:SAE 303 (Din X10CrNiS18-10) is considered a “Free-Cutting” material and is the easiest to machine Austenitic Stainless Steel. This is achieved by adding Sulfur and Selenium to 304. However, it comes with the “price” of lower corrosion resistance.SAE 304 (Din X5CrNi18-10) is the most popular and versatile Stainless Steel type. It has good corrosion resistance and still maintains fair machinability. It is easier to machine and cheaper compared to 316.SAE 316 (Din X5CrNiMo17-12-2) is the most popular stainless steel for harsh environments. The main difference between 316 and 304 stainless steel is that 316 contains an increased amount of molybdenum. This additive gives 316 very good heat and corrosion resistance. However, it is the most difficult to machine among the commonly used stainless steels.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 300 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling30375%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min30440%600 SFM 180 mm/min330 SFM 100 mm/min31636%500 SFM 150 mm/min260 SFM 80 mm/minMartensitic Stainless SteelIt is the second group in terms of popularity, characterized by Chromium content of up to 14% with almost no nickel. This group of alloys can be heat-treated and hardened, therefore providing higher strength. However, it has corrosion resistance only in atmospheric conditions and cannot be used in harsh environments.Main Features of Martensitic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Moderate.Magnetic: Yes.Heat Treatable: Yes.Chromium content: 11-14%Nickel content: 0-2%Molybdenum content: None.Typical max Hardness: 600 HB (After heat treatment).Typical Tensile Strength: 120 [Kpsi].Popular materilas: SAE 420 / 440.Typical parts: Razor blades, Surgical instruments, and other parts that require higher strength but are less critical in terms of corrosion resistance.Ferritic Stainless SteelFerritic stainless steel materials have a Chromium content of up to 18% with almost no nickel. They have better corrosion resistance than Martensitic grades but less than Austenitic ones. It cannot be hardened by heat treatments.Main Features of Ferritic Stainless Steel:Corrosion Resistance: Good – Moderate.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: YesChromium content: 11-18%Nickel content: 0-1%Molybdenum content: 0-1.25%.Typical max Hardness: 200 HB.Typical Tensile Strength: 100 [Kpsi].Popular grades: 409 / 430.Typical parts: Auto exhausts, grills, coffee machine parts, and other household appliances.Machinability of Ferritic/Martensitic Stainless-Steel 400 seriesMartensitic/Ferritic Stainless is on the border between ISO P and ISO M materials. It can be machined with carbide grades for both Alloy steel and Stainless steel. Typical wear is usually flank and crater (Like in alloy steel), with an occasional build-up edge. Machinability is better when compared to Austenitic stainless and is in the range of alloy steels. Grades with the suffix F (Like 430F/420F) are freecut materials with higher Sulfur (S) content and less Molybdenum (Mo). This tweak increases the machinability but results in lower corrosion resistance. Grades with the suffix C (like 440C), have higher Carbon (C) content, which increases the strength and hardness after heat treatment.Cutting Speeds Recommendations for 400 SeriesSAEMachinabilityTurningMilling430F75%920 SFM280 mm/min460 SFM140 mm/min41054%660 SFM200 mm/min330 SFM100 mm/min44040%530 SFM160 mm/min260 SFM80 mm/minPH Series Stainless SteelMain Features of Precipitation-hardening Stainless:Corrosion resistance: Good.Heat Treatable: Yes.Magnetic: Yes.Chromium content: 14-17%Nickel content: 4-10%Molybdenum content: 1.5-2.5%Typical max Hardness: 400 HB (After heat treatment)Typical Tensile Strength: 200 [Kpsi]Popular materials: 17-4PH (AISI 630)Typical parts: Aerospace and Oil & Gas components.A group of stainless steel alloys with good corrosion resistance that can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of up to 3 times more than 304/316 grades. The addition of copper, aluminum, and titanium enables to achieves precipitation hardening. They are used in the oil & gas and aerospace industries, where a combination of strength and corrosion resistance is critical. SAE 17-4PH (Din X5CrNiCuNb174 / AISI 630), is the most popular in this family, with 45% machinability in the annealed state (Similar to 304), but much lower after heat treatment.Designation convention: Cr-Ni PH, for example, 17-4 PH, has 17% chromium and 4% nickel. (See more examples in below chart)Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be divided into 3 main groups:GroupAlloyCrNiMartensitic15-5 PH15%5%17-4 PH(Alloy 630)17%5%Austenitic - Martensitic15-7 PH15%7%17-7 PH17%7%Austenitic17-10PH17%10%Alloy A286, with 26% nickel content, is classified as a PH alloy by some sources. We classify it as a nickel-based superalloy.PH stainless steel alloys are available in two conditions – annealed (condition A) or tempered (condition C). The annealed alloys have a hardness of 20-30 HRC and are relatively easy to machine. After machining, parts can be age-hardened to Rockwell 32-42 HRC. Tempered (condition C) are delivered with a hardness of up to 43 HRC alloys can be hardened to above 50 HRC. Pay attention to the condition and hardness when determining the cutting speed.Duplex Stainless SteelCorrosion resistance: Excellent++.Heat Treatable: No.Magnetic: No.Chromium content: 18-30.0%Nickel content: 4-7%Molybdenum content: 0-5%Typical max Hardness: 280 HBTypical Tensile Strength: 150 [Kpsi]Popular materials: F51 (2205) and A276 (2707).Typical parts: Paper production equipment, Desalination of seawater, and Oil & Gas parts.This sub-group is called duplex since these materials have a two-phase Austenitic-Ferritic structure. They benefit from the advantages of both austenitic and ferritic properties, leading to increased strength, higher toughness, and broader corrosion resistance. They provide higher corrosion resistance and tensile strength than standard austenitic stainless 304 or 316. Chromium (Cr) content can reach 30% (Much higher than austenitic alloys) and Nickel (Ni) 9% (Lower than austenitic alloys). General machining guidelines are like 316, with about 20% lower machinability and more attention to clamping stability. Commercially, they are cheaper than austenitic stainless steels due to their lower nickel content. Duplex alloys lose their strength and corrosion resistance at temperatures above 570°F (300°C), limiting their application range!Duplex alloys are divided into two main categories:Alloys that are designed for highly corrosive environments but with less focus on their strength are nicknamed “lean” or “standard”.Alloys designed for Increased strength and mildly corrosive environments are nicknamed “Super-Duplex” or “Hyper-Duplex”.These categories are identified by the pitting resistance equivalence number (PREn), calculated based on the chemical composition:$ \large PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $$ \small PERn\,=\,\text{%Cr}\,+\,3.3\,\times\,\text{%Mo}\,+\,16\,\times\,\text{%N} $Lean: PERn Less than 32Standard: PERn between 32-39Supper-Duplex: PERn between 40-45Hyper-Duplex: PERn Above 45Main Stainless Steel Duplex AlloysMaterialPERnCategoryMachinabilityCrDescriptionDuplex 1803 (F51)34Stabdard28%22%The original 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloy.Duplex 2205(F60 / F51)36Stabdard28%22.5%An improved version of F51 (improved pitting corrosion resistance). Dual-certified as F60/F51 (S31803/S32205).Duplex 2760 (F55)43Supper-Duplex16%25%A super duplex stainless steel based upon a 25% Cr composition, but with an addition of tungsten.Duplex 2707 (A276)47Hyper-Duplex10%29%Extremely high mechanical strength and high resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride environments.Machinability TableThe below table lists the machinability ratings of all the major stainless steel alloys.Filter Material Groups:group_numpmkmr_group_nameMaterialMachinabilityBHNSAEDINWNR12MFerritic Stainless Steel40355%0403X7Cr131.400012MFerritic Stainless Steel40560%0405X10CrAl131.472412MFerritic Stainless Steel41055%0410X10Cr131.400612MFerritic Stainless Steel41690%041600X12CrS131.400512MFerritic Stainless Steel43054%0430X8Cr171.401612MFerritic Stainless Steel430F65%0430FX12CrMoS171.410412MFerritic Stainless Steel440A48%0440AX70CrMo151.410912MFerritic Stainless Steel44636%0446X10CrAl241.476212MFerritic Stainless SteelAermet 10032%0AMS 653213MMartensitic Stainless Steel42045%245420X20Cr131.402113MMartensitic Stainless Steel420F55%245420FX30Cr131.402813MMartensitic Stainless Steel43148%220431X22CrNi171.405713MMartensitic Stainless Steel440C35%285440CX105CrMo171.412514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30152%0301X12CrNi17-71.431014MAustenitic Stainless Steel30247%0302X12CrNi18-91.431914MAustenitic Stainless Steel30372%0303X8CrNiS18-91.430514MAustenitic Stainless Steel30443%0304X5CrNi18-91.435014MAustenitic Stainless Steel31640%0316X5CrNiMo17-13-31.440114MAustenitic Stainless Steel31738%0317X5CrNiMo17-131.444914MAustenitic Stainless Steel34736%0347X10CrNiNb18-91.455014MAustenitic Stainless SteelCustom 46530%0AMS 593660MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 1803 (F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F5160MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2205 (F60 / F51)28%0ASTM A182 Grade F60X2CrNiMoN22-5-31.446260MDuplex Stainless SteelDuplex 2760 (F55)16%0ASTM A182 Grade F55X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-41.450160MDuplex Stainless SteelHyper Duplex 2707 (A276)10%0A276X2CrNiMoCoN28-8-5-11.465865MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.15-5PH47%26015-5X4CrNiCuNb16.41.454065MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.17-4PH43%260630X5CrNiCuNb16-41.454265MPrecipitation Hardening St. St.32136%260321X10CrNiTi18-91.4541Related Glossary Terms:Nickel (Ni)HardnessCarbon (c)DuctilityBuilt-Up Edge (Bue)Molybdenum (MoBrinell scaleCutting EdgeNotch Wear (Vg)PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)Stainless SteelTurningMillingSteelGradeAlloy SteelFree-Machining SteelTitanium (Ti)SuperalloysRockwell scaleCutting SpeedToughnessChromium (Cr)Application Range

At RADMOT, we offer CNC milling services, CNC turning services, as well as many additional services, including washing, aluminum anodizing, laser marking and assembly. We have at your disposal over 80 modern machines in our machine park, all from renowned manufacturers. Download the presentation and check on which machine tools we produce CNC turned parts and CNC milled parts.

1/16" Diameter 2 Flute Single End Standard Length Straight Flute Bright Uncoated Carbide End Mill. MELIN TOOL CO. 11493. 11493. SAMG-402.

Stainless Steel is the 2nd most popular materials group (After Steel) in machine shops. Machinability of Stainless Steel ranges from free-cutting grades like 430F and 303, having a machinability of 75%, and up to challenging grades like 316, with a Machinability of 36%.Learn MoreMachinability Chart

Such a formula for cutting speed allows quick calculation of the cutting speed. On the other hand – it is a parameter that is often given by a tool manufacturer – most often in the form of range for particular types of material. Selection of the right cutting speed is still the responsibility of a machining operator. Based on their knowledge and experience, such specialists can calculate the right parameters for machined material, tools, and even particular machines and their possible tolerances. It is worth knowing the mentioned pattern, even if you can find it easily on the internet cutting speed calculators.

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