n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)

TheoryCutting speed is the relative linear velocity between the cutting edge and the workpiece. At each point, the cutting speed is the product of the rotation speed of the drill (Spindle speed) and the circumference. In the drill’s center, the cutting speed is always zero, and it increases gradually as you get further away from the center. Therefore, in drilling, the term “cutting speed” refers to the Maximum Cutting Speed that occurs at the drill’s outer diameter. On the face of the drill, the cutting speed varies according to the distance from the center.\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)

TheoryThe penetration rate in drilling is the linear speed at which the drill advances through the material. To calculate it, we first need to obtain the Feed per Revolution (Fn), which is the distance that the drill travels during one complete spindle rotation. This parameter is usually obtained from the supplier’s catalog. The penetration rate is the product of the spindle speed and the feed per revolution.Formula (metric/inch)n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)

\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)

The Drilling MRR Calculator determines the volume of material removed by the drill per minute in certain cutting conditions.D – Drill DiameterFn – Feed/revolutionVc – Cutting SpeedQ – MRRToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe Metal roval rate (MRR) is measured in cubic inches (Or cubic cm) per minute and indicates how much material is machined in one minute of drilling at a set of cutting conditions. It is the product of the cutting speed, feed per revolution, and drill diameter. Learn more in our in-depth Metal Removal Page.Formula (metric)D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)Formula (Inch)D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)

Carbon fiber modulus of elasticitygraph

TheoryThe time it takes to drill a hole is simply the division of the bore depth by the penetration rate.Formula (metric)l – Hole Depth [mm]Vf – Penetration Rate [m/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)Formula (Inch)l – Hole Depth [Inch]Vf – Penetration Rate [Inch/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)

The Drilling Time Calculator determines how long it takes to complete a hole in certain cutting conditions.l – Depth of holeVf – Penetration RateT – Drilling DurationToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe time it takes to drill a hole is simply the division of the bore depth by the penetration rate.Formula (metric)l – Hole Depth [mm]Vf – Penetration Rate [m/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)Formula (Inch)l – Hole Depth [Inch]Vf – Penetration Rate [Inch/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)

Their tensile modulus range from 230 Gpa for PAN based High Strength fibers, up to 900 GPa for Ultra High Modulus fibers made from coal tar pitch!Carbon fiber tensile stress can go from 2,500 MPa up to 7,000 Mpa.

Carbon fiberyield strength

The drilling catalog or our experience tells us the cutting speed we need to use for a given application. On the other hand, the CNC machine is programmed with spindle speed. Therefore it is common that we need to compute the RPM from a given cutting speed either for programming or to ensure that the speed we want to run at is within the machine’s limit. It is calculated by dividing the cutting speed by the drill’s circumference.Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)

\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)

Carbon fiberPoisson ratio

TheoryThe Metal roval rate (MRR) is measured in cubic inches (Or cubic cm) per minute and indicates how much material is machined in one minute of drilling at a set of cutting conditions. It is the product of the cutting speed, feed per revolution, and drill diameter. Learn more in our in-depth Metal Removal Page.Formula (metric)D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)Formula (Inch)D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)

How to calculate the cutting speed based on the drill’s diameter and spindle speed)D – Drill diametern – Spindle SpeedC – Circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryCutting speed is the relative linear velocity between the cutting edge and the workpiece. At each point, the cutting speed is the product of the rotation speed of the drill (Spindle speed) and the circumference. In the drill’s center, the cutting speed is always zero, and it increases gradually as you get further away from the center. Therefore, in drilling, the term “cutting speed” refers to the Maximum Cutting Speed that occurs at the drill’s outer diameter. On the face of the drill, the cutting speed varies according to the distance from the center.\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)

Cutting speed is the relative linear velocity between the cutting edge and the workpiece. At each point, the cutting speed is the product of the rotation speed of the drill (Spindle speed) and the circumference. In the drill’s center, the cutting speed is always zero, and it increases gradually as you get further away from the center. Therefore, in drilling, the term “cutting speed” refers to the Maximum Cutting Speed that occurs at the drill’s outer diameter. On the face of the drill, the cutting speed varies according to the distance from the center.\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)

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Carbon fiber modulus of elasticityformula

D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)

– High Strength / Standard Modulus (HS), the most common grade– Intermediate Modulus (IM)– High Modulus (HM)– Ultra High Modulus (UHM)

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Carbon fibertensile strength

Choose a Drilling CalculatorCutting SpeedSpindle SpeedPenetration RateMetal Removal RateDrilling Time CalculatorPayment options Cutting Speed Calculator and FormulaHow to calculate the cutting speed based on the drill’s diameter and spindle speed)D – Drill diametern – Spindle SpeedC – Circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryCutting speed is the relative linear velocity between the cutting edge and the workpiece. At each point, the cutting speed is the product of the rotation speed of the drill (Spindle speed) and the circumference. In the drill’s center, the cutting speed is always zero, and it increases gradually as you get further away from the center. Therefore, in drilling, the term “cutting speed” refers to the Maximum Cutting Speed that occurs at the drill’s outer diameter. On the face of the drill, the cutting speed varies according to the distance from the center.\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)Spindle Speed Calculator and FormulaHow to calculate the spindle speed based on the drill’s diameter and cutting speedD – Drill diameter.n – Spindle Speed.C – circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe drilling catalog or our experience tells us the cutting speed we need to use for a given application. On the other hand, the CNC machine is programmed with spindle speed. Therefore it is common that we need to compute the RPM from a given cutting speed either for programming or to ensure that the speed we want to run at is within the machine’s limit. It is calculated by dividing the cutting speed by the drill’s circumference.Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Penetration Rate Calculator and FormulaDetermine how fast the drill is drilling based on the spindle speed and feed per revolution.n – Spindle SpeedFn – Feed / revolutionVf – Penetration RateToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe penetration rate in drilling is the linear speed at which the drill advances through the material. To calculate it, we first need to obtain the Feed per Revolution (Fn), which is the distance that the drill travels during one complete spindle rotation. This parameter is usually obtained from the supplier’s catalog. The penetration rate is the product of the spindle speed and the feed per revolution.Formula (metric/inch)n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)Metal Removal Rate Calculator and FormulasThe Drilling MRR Calculator determines the volume of material removed by the drill per minute in certain cutting conditions.D – Drill DiameterFn – Feed/revolutionVc – Cutting SpeedQ – MRRToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe Metal roval rate (MRR) is measured in cubic inches (Or cubic cm) per minute and indicates how much material is machined in one minute of drilling at a set of cutting conditions. It is the product of the cutting speed, feed per revolution, and drill diameter. Learn more in our in-depth Metal Removal Page.Formula (metric)D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)Formula (Inch)D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)Drilling Time Calculator and FormulasThe Drilling Time Calculator determines how long it takes to complete a hole in certain cutting conditions.l – Depth of holeVf – Penetration RateT – Drilling DurationToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe time it takes to drill a hole is simply the division of the bore depth by the penetration rate.Formula (metric)l – Hole Depth [mm]Vf – Penetration Rate [m/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)Formula (Inch)l – Hole Depth [Inch]Vf – Penetration Rate [Inch/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)

Carbon fiberdensity

Of course, carbon fibers are also extremely lightweight (average density of 1.8), which translates into a 1.6 density for carbon-epoxy composites. This gives composite materials outstanding specific strength (strength to weight ratio), 50x higher than steel.Among the many interesting properties of Carbon Fibers, it’s also worth noting that their linear coefficient of thermal expansion is close to 0. This guarantees an outstanding dimensional stability, even in the most extreme environmental conditions.With more than 35 years of experience in carbon fibers, Epsilon Composite engineering teams will select the best materials for your need.Our promise to you: we will only use the highest quality fibers from the world’s best manufacturers, and never cut corners with cheaper less reliable fibers.

TheoryThe drilling catalog or our experience tells us the cutting speed we need to use for a given application. On the other hand, the CNC machine is programmed with spindle speed. Therefore it is common that we need to compute the RPM from a given cutting speed either for programming or to ensure that the speed we want to run at is within the machine’s limit. It is calculated by dividing the cutting speed by the drill’s circumference.Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)

The penetration rate in drilling is the linear speed at which the drill advances through the material. To calculate it, we first need to obtain the Feed per Revolution (Fn), which is the distance that the drill travels during one complete spindle rotation. This parameter is usually obtained from the supplier’s catalog. The penetration rate is the product of the spindle speed and the feed per revolution.Formula (metric/inch)n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)

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Carbon fiber modulus of elasticityvs steel

D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)

carbonfibre tensile strength (mpa)

\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)

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The time it takes to drill a hole is simply the division of the bore depth by the penetration rate.Formula (metric)l – Hole Depth [mm]Vf – Penetration Rate [m/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)Formula (Inch)l – Hole Depth [Inch]Vf – Penetration Rate [Inch/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)

How to calculate the spindle speed based on the drill’s diameter and cutting speedD – Drill diameter.n – Spindle Speed.C – circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe drilling catalog or our experience tells us the cutting speed we need to use for a given application. On the other hand, the CNC machine is programmed with spindle speed. Therefore it is common that we need to compute the RPM from a given cutting speed either for programming or to ensure that the speed we want to run at is within the machine’s limit. It is calculated by dividing the cutting speed by the drill’s circumference.Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)

Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)

\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)

This page is a collection of basic drilling calculators and formulas. Each topic includes an online calculator, formulas, and explanations. For easier use, you can toggle between the units (Metric/Imperial) and choose if to view everything or only the calculators (Hide the explanations and formulas)This page includes only elementary calculators. For more complex topics, there is a separate page for each calculator. Go to the Machining Calculators Page for the complete list.Choose a Drilling CalculatorCutting SpeedSpindle SpeedPenetration RateMetal Removal RateDrilling Time CalculatorPayment options Cutting Speed Calculator and FormulaHow to calculate the cutting speed based on the drill’s diameter and spindle speed)D – Drill diametern – Spindle SpeedC – Circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryCutting speed is the relative linear velocity between the cutting edge and the workpiece. At each point, the cutting speed is the product of the rotation speed of the drill (Spindle speed) and the circumference. In the drill’s center, the cutting speed is always zero, and it increases gradually as you get further away from the center. Therefore, in drilling, the term “cutting speed” refers to the Maximum Cutting Speed that occurs at the drill’s outer diameter. On the face of the drill, the cutting speed varies according to the distance from the center.\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)Spindle Speed Calculator and FormulaHow to calculate the spindle speed based on the drill’s diameter and cutting speedD – Drill diameter.n – Spindle Speed.C – circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe drilling catalog or our experience tells us the cutting speed we need to use for a given application. On the other hand, the CNC machine is programmed with spindle speed. Therefore it is common that we need to compute the RPM from a given cutting speed either for programming or to ensure that the speed we want to run at is within the machine’s limit. It is calculated by dividing the cutting speed by the drill’s circumference.Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Penetration Rate Calculator and FormulaDetermine how fast the drill is drilling based on the spindle speed and feed per revolution.n – Spindle SpeedFn – Feed / revolutionVf – Penetration RateToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe penetration rate in drilling is the linear speed at which the drill advances through the material. To calculate it, we first need to obtain the Feed per Revolution (Fn), which is the distance that the drill travels during one complete spindle rotation. This parameter is usually obtained from the supplier’s catalog. The penetration rate is the product of the spindle speed and the feed per revolution.Formula (metric/inch)n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)Metal Removal Rate Calculator and FormulasThe Drilling MRR Calculator determines the volume of material removed by the drill per minute in certain cutting conditions.D – Drill DiameterFn – Feed/revolutionVc – Cutting SpeedQ – MRRToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe Metal roval rate (MRR) is measured in cubic inches (Or cubic cm) per minute and indicates how much material is machined in one minute of drilling at a set of cutting conditions. It is the product of the cutting speed, feed per revolution, and drill diameter. Learn more in our in-depth Metal Removal Page.Formula (metric)D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)Formula (Inch)D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)Drilling Time Calculator and FormulasThe Drilling Time Calculator determines how long it takes to complete a hole in certain cutting conditions.l – Depth of holeVf – Penetration RateT – Drilling DurationToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe time it takes to drill a hole is simply the division of the bore depth by the penetration rate.Formula (metric)l – Hole Depth [mm]Vf – Penetration Rate [m/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)Formula (Inch)l – Hole Depth [Inch]Vf – Penetration Rate [Inch/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)

This page includes only elementary calculators. For more complex topics, there is a separate page for each calculator. Go to the Machining Calculators Page for the complete list.Choose a Drilling CalculatorCutting SpeedSpindle SpeedPenetration RateMetal Removal RateDrilling Time CalculatorPayment options Cutting Speed Calculator and FormulaHow to calculate the cutting speed based on the drill’s diameter and spindle speed)D – Drill diametern – Spindle SpeedC – Circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryCutting speed is the relative linear velocity between the cutting edge and the workpiece. At each point, the cutting speed is the product of the rotation speed of the drill (Spindle speed) and the circumference. In the drill’s center, the cutting speed is always zero, and it increases gradually as you get further away from the center. Therefore, in drilling, the term “cutting speed” refers to the Maximum Cutting Speed that occurs at the drill’s outer diameter. On the face of the drill, the cutting speed varies according to the distance from the center.\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times D \)\( \large V_c = n \times C \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [m/min]\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{1000} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [rpm] (Revolutions per minute)Vc Max – [SFM] (Surface feet per minute)\( \large V_{c Max} = \huge \frac{n \times \pi \times D}{12} \)Spindle Speed Calculator and FormulaHow to calculate the spindle speed based on the drill’s diameter and cutting speedD – Drill diameter.n – Spindle Speed.C – circumference.Vc – Cutting SpeedToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe drilling catalog or our experience tells us the cutting speed we need to use for a given application. On the other hand, the CNC machine is programmed with spindle speed. Therefore it is common that we need to compute the RPM from a given cutting speed either for programming or to ensure that the speed we want to run at is within the machine’s limit. It is calculated by dividing the cutting speed by the drill’s circumference.Power Tip – Use our Speed and Feed Calculator to get the recommended cutting speed based on dozens of parameters!\( \large C = 2 \times \pi \times r = \pi \times d \)\( \large n= \frac{V_c}{C} \)Formula in metric unitsD – [mm]n – [RPM]Vc – [m/min]\( \large n = \huge \frac{1000 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Formula in Imperial unitsD – [Inch]n – [RPM]Vc – [SFM]\( \large n = \huge \frac{12 \times V_c}{\pi \times D} \)Penetration Rate Calculator and FormulaDetermine how fast the drill is drilling based on the spindle speed and feed per revolution.n – Spindle SpeedFn – Feed / revolutionVf – Penetration RateToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe penetration rate in drilling is the linear speed at which the drill advances through the material. To calculate it, we first need to obtain the Feed per Revolution (Fn), which is the distance that the drill travels during one complete spindle rotation. This parameter is usually obtained from the supplier’s catalog. The penetration rate is the product of the spindle speed and the feed per revolution.Formula (metric/inch)n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)Metal Removal Rate Calculator and FormulasThe Drilling MRR Calculator determines the volume of material removed by the drill per minute in certain cutting conditions.D – Drill DiameterFn – Feed/revolutionVc – Cutting SpeedQ – MRRToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe Metal roval rate (MRR) is measured in cubic inches (Or cubic cm) per minute and indicates how much material is machined in one minute of drilling at a set of cutting conditions. It is the product of the cutting speed, feed per revolution, and drill diameter. Learn more in our in-depth Metal Removal Page.Formula (metric)D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)Formula (Inch)D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)Drilling Time Calculator and FormulasThe Drilling Time Calculator determines how long it takes to complete a hole in certain cutting conditions.l – Depth of holeVf – Penetration RateT – Drilling DurationToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe time it takes to drill a hole is simply the division of the bore depth by the penetration rate.Formula (metric)l – Hole Depth [mm]Vf – Penetration Rate [m/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)Formula (Inch)l – Hole Depth [Inch]Vf – Penetration Rate [Inch/min]T – Drilling Time [min]\( \large T = \huge \frac{l}{V_f} \)

The Metal roval rate (MRR) is measured in cubic inches (Or cubic cm) per minute and indicates how much material is machined in one minute of drilling at a set of cutting conditions. It is the product of the cutting speed, feed per revolution, and drill diameter. Learn more in our in-depth Metal Removal Page.Formula (metric)D – Drill Diameter [mm]Fn – Feed per Revolution [mm/rev]Vc – Cutting Speed [m/min]Q – Metal Removal Rate [cm3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 0.25 \)Formula (Inch)D – Drill Diameter [Inch]Fn – Feed per Revolution [IPR]Vc – Cutting Speed [SFM]Q – Metal Removal Rate [Inch3/min]\( \large Q = V_c \times D \times F_n \times 3 \)

Determine how fast the drill is drilling based on the spindle speed and feed per revolution.n – Spindle SpeedFn – Feed / revolutionVf – Penetration RateToggle mm / InchOther CalculatorsPayment options Payment options TheoryThe penetration rate in drilling is the linear speed at which the drill advances through the material. To calculate it, we first need to obtain the Feed per Revolution (Fn), which is the distance that the drill travels during one complete spindle rotation. This parameter is usually obtained from the supplier’s catalog. The penetration rate is the product of the spindle speed and the feed per revolution.Formula (metric/inch)n – Spindle speed [RPM]fn – Feed per revolution [mm or Inch]Vf – Penetration rate [mm/min] or [IPM]\( \large V_f= n \times f_n \)