Ironatomic structure

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Structureof metals PDF

This work was sponsored by ‘Global COE for Materials Research and Education’, ‘World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative for Atoms, Molecules and Materials’, MEXT, Japan. We thank Okunishi of JEOL for his technical assistance and D. T. Hoelzer at ORNL, USA for providing 14YWT samples for this study.

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In the version of this Letter originally published, the bar over the number 1 is missing in two instances. This error has been corrected only in the HTML version of the Letter. The PDF has no change.

State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China

Steel atomicnumber

Alinger, M. J., Odette, G. R. & Hoelzer, D. T. On the role of alloy composition and processing parameters in nanocluster formation and dispersion strengthening in nanostuctured ferritic alloys. Acta Mater. 57, 392–406 (2009).

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Atomic structureof mildsteel

Oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels are the most promising structural materials for next-generation nuclear energy systems because of their excellent resistance to both irradiation damage and high-temperature creep1,2,3,4. Although it has been known for a decade that the extraordinary mechanical properties of oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels originate from highly stabilized oxide nanoclusters with a size smaller than 5 nm, the structure of these nanoclusters has not been clarified and remains as one of the most important scientific issues in nuclear materials research2,3,4,5,6,7. Here we report the atomic-scale characterization of the oxide nanoclusters using state-of-the-art Cs-corrected transmission electron microscopy. This study provides compelling evidence that the nanoclusters have a defective NaCl structure with a high lattice coherency with the bcc steel matrix. Plenty of point defects as well as strong structural affinity of nanoclusters with the steel matrix seem to be the most important reasons for the unusual stability of the clusters at high temperatures and in intensive neutron irradiation fields.

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M.W.C. and C.T.L. planned this project. A.H. and M.W.C. designed research, analysed data, constructed models and wrote the paper. A.H. contributed to STEM experiments and image simulation. T.F. contributed to EELS analysis. Y.R.W. contributed to TEM specimen preparation. J.H.S. and C.T.L. contributed to sample preparation. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

Miller, M. K., Fu, C. L., Krcmar, M., Hoelzer, D. T. & Liu, C. T. Vacancies as a constitutive element for the design of nanocluster-strengthened ferritic steels. Front. Mater. Sci. China 3, 9–14 (2009).

DXP Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, engages in distributing maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) products, equipment, and services to the energy and industrial customers primarily in the United States and Canada. It operates through three segments: Service Centers (SC), Supply Chain Services (SCS), and Innovative Pumping Solutions (IPS). The SC segment offers MRO products, equipment, and integrated services, including technical expertise and logistics services. It offers a range of MRO products in the rotating equipment, bearing, power transmission, hose, fluid power, metal working, fastener, industrial supply, safety products, and safety services categories. This segment serves customers in the oil and gas, food and beverage, petrochemical, transportation, other general industrial, mining, construction, chemical, municipal, agriculture, and pulp and paper industries. The SCS segment manages procurement and inventory management solutions; and offers outsourced MRO solutions for sourcing MRO products, including inventory optimization and management, store room management, transaction consolidation and control, vendor oversight and procurement cost optimization, productivity improvement, and customized reporting services. Its programs include SmartAgreement, a procurement solution for various MRO categories; SmartBuy, an on-site or centralized MRO procurement solution; SmartSource, an on-site procurement and storeroom management solution; SmartStore, an e-Catalog solution; SmartVend, an industrial dispensing solution; and SmartServ, an integrated service pump solution. The IPS segment fabricates and assembles custom-made pump packages, remanufactures pumps, and manufactures branded private label pumps. The company was founded in 1908 and is based in Houston, Texas.

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Structureofsteel

Odette, G. R., Alinger, M. J. & Wirth, B. D. Recent developments in irradiation-resistant steels. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 38, 471–503 (2008).

Brocq, M. et al. Nanoscale characterisation and clustering mechanism in an Fe–Y2O3 model ODS alloy processed by reactive ball milling and annealing. Acta Mater. 58, 1806–1814 (2010).

Coppola, R., Klimiankou, M., Magnani, M., Moslang, A. & Valli, M. Helium bubble evolution in F82H-mod—correlation between SANS and TEM. J. Nucl. Mater. 329–33, 1057–1061 (2004).

Klimiankou, M., Lindau, R. & Moslang, A. Energy-filtered TEM imaging and EELS study of ODS particles and argon-filled cavities in ferritic-martensitic steels. Micron 36, 1–8 (2005).

Klueh, R. L. et al. Tensile and creep properties of an oxide dispersion-strengthened ferritic steel. J. Nucl. Mater. 307, 773–777 (2002).

Charit, I. & Murty, K. L. Structural materials issues for the next generation fission reactors. J. Oper. Manage. 62, 67–74 (2010).

Kishimoto, H., Alinger, M. J., Odette, G. R. & Yamamoto, T. TEM examination of microstructural evolution during processing of 14CrYWTi nanostructured ferritic alloys. J. Nucl. Mater. 329–33, 369–371 (2004).

Hayashi, T., Sarosi, P. M., Schneibel, J. H. & Mills, M. J. Creep response and deformation processes in nanocluster-strengthened ferritic steels. Acta Mater. 56, 1407–1416 (2008).

DXP Enterprises, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, engages in distributing maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) products, equipment, and services to the energy and industrial customers primarily in the United States and Canada. It operates through three segments: Service Centers (SC), Supply Chain Services (SCS), and Innovative Pumping Solutions (IPS). The SC segment offers MRO products, equipment, and integrated services, including technical expertise and logistics services. It offers a range of MRO products in the rotating equipment, bearing, power transmission, hose, fluid power, metal working, fastener, industrial supply, safety products, and safety services categories. This segment serves customers in the oil and gas, food and beverage, petrochemical, transportation, other general industrial, mining, construction, chemical, municipal, agriculture, and pulp and paper industries. The SCS segment manages procurement and inventory management solutions; and offers outsourced MRO solutions for sourcing MRO products, including inventory optimization and management, store room management, transaction consolidation and control, vendor oversight and procurement cost optimization, productivity improvement, and customized reporting services. Its programs include SmartAgreement, a procurement solution for various MRO categories; SmartBuy, an on-site or centralized MRO procurement solution; SmartSource, an on-site procurement and storeroom management solution; SmartStore, an e-Catalog solution; SmartVend, an industrial dispensing solution; and SmartServ, an integrated service pump solution. The IPS segment fabricates and assembles custom-made pump packages, remanufactures pumps, and manufactures branded private label pumps. The company was founded in 1908 and is based in Houston, Texas.

Ishizuka, K. A practical approach for STEM image simulation based on the FFT multislice method. Ultramicroscopy 90, 71–83 (2002).

Stainlesssteel atomic structure

Larson, D. J., Maziasz, P. J., Kim, I. S. & Miyahara, K. Three-dimensional atom probe observation of nanoscale titanium-oxygen clustering in an oxide-dispersion-strengthened Fe–12Cr–3W–0.4Ti+Y2O3 ferritic alloy. Scr. Mater. 44, 359–364 (2001).

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Ohtsuka, S., Ukai, S., Fujiwara, M., Kaito, T. & Narita, T. Improvement of 9Cr-ODS martensitic steel properties by controlling excess oxygen and titanium contents. J. Nucl. Mater. 329–33, 372–376 (2004).

Hirata, A., Fujita, T., Wen, Y. et al. Atomic structure of nanoclusters in oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels. Nature Mater 10, 922–926 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3150