Martensitecomposition

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The term “martensite” usually refers to a form of steel with a distinctive atomic structure created through a process called martensitic transformation. Martensite is made from austenite, a solid solution of iron with a small amount of carbon in it.

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Martensite, named after the German metallurgist Adolf Martens (1850–1914), most commonly refers to a very hard form of steel crystalline structure, but it can also refer to any crystal structure that is formed by displacive transformation. It includes a class of hard minerals occurring as lath- or plate-shaped crystal grains. When viewed in cross-section, the lenticular (lens-shaped) crystal grains appear acicular (needle-shaped), which is how they are sometimes incorrectly described.

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Martensitic transformation occurs when the austenite is rapidly cooled in a process known as quenching. The rapid drop in temperature traps the carbon atoms inside the crystal structures of the iron atoms. This causes the crystals to change from FCC to body-centered tetragonal (BCT); the crystals are stretched so that they are square on each end but longer on the sides and the lattice points that were in the center of each face are now joined together at one point in the center of the crystal. This new structure is what greatly increases the hardness of the steel.

One trait most antiques have in common is wear and tear from the act of surviving the years. Distressing a newer piece can provide that look without waiting through the years of aging – but only if it’s done right.

Martensite is a body-centered tetragonal form of iron in which some carbon is dissolved. Martensite forms during quenching, when the face centered cubic lattice of austenite is distored into the body centered tetragonal structure without the loss of its contained carbon atoms into cementite and ferrite. Instead, the carbon is retained in the iron crystal structure, which is stretched slightly so that it is no longer cubic. Martensite is more or less ferrite supersaturated with carbon. Compare the grain size in the micrograph with tempered martensite.

You can attend a hands-on training class at our training school in Houston, Texas. Or, if you prefer a custom training session for a larger group, Finishers Depot can schedule a session at your location.

For best antiquing results, do not start with a base or conditioner. The splotchiness resulting from not using a base coat will result in a more uneven finish that adds to the antique feel.

Martensiteformula

Once you’ve decided which type of glaze is best for your project and the stain is dry, apply the glaze by wiping, brushing, or spraying it on. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the glazing product you chose for the best results.

Pro Tip: Allow the glaze to air dry, then use Mirlon Total synthetic wool pads to rub some of the glaze off. When this rub-through technique is applied, more glaze is removed from the higher spots, leaving the deeper areas darker and giving a more pronounced effect. You can repeat the rub-through process as needed to achieve the desired finish.

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Martensitevs austenite

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Martensiteproperties

The martensitic transformation is the best-known example of displacive transformation, a type of phase change in which the atoms of a material move short distances in unison rather than diffusing individually over longer distances. A phase change occurs when a substance changes from one state, like a solid, to another, like a liquid. Because they are so well known as a type of displacive transformation, the terms “martensite” or “martensitic” are sometimes used in a broader sense to describe any material produced by displacive transformation.

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Applying glaze to attain an antique finish is important because it adds depth and richness to the product that can mimic an old wood. The glaze gets down into the cracks and crevices of the wood grains to create the appearance of an aged piece.

Fine aggregates consist of smaller particles, while coarse aggregates consist of larger particles. They differ in terms of materials, sources, ...

Learning the tricks of the trade to create antique-looking wood cabinetry or furnishings can give your shop an industry edge. Finishers Depot products and workshops can help make sure you do it successfully.

Because of this trend, finishing professionals may receive a customer order to enhance a piece of wood to make it look like it was finished in the 1920s, not the 2020s.

Martensitesteel

Consider our tips and tricks for creating an exceptional finish on wood furniture and similar pieces that call for an antique look and feel.

Once you’ve achieved the distressed look you’re going for, stain the wood using your preferred professional stain product.

In the 1890s, Martens studied samples of different steels under a microscope, and found that the hardest steels had a regular crystalline structure. Martensitic structures have since been found in many other practical materials, including shape memory alloys and transformation-toughened ceramics.

Creating a true antique wood finish is all in the technique. Mastering the artistry of this process is the key to achieving the best antique finish. Finishers Depot offers classes and workshops to help you gain the expertise needed.

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Martensitemicrostructure

Austenite is transformed to martensite on quenching at approximately the speed of sound - too fast for the carbon atoms to come out of solution in the crystal lattice. The resulting distortion of the unit cell results in countless lattice dislocations in each crystal, which consists of millions of unit cells. These dislocations make the crystal structure extremely resistant to shear stress - which means, simply that it can’t be easily dented and scratched. Picture the difference between shearing a deck of cards (no dislocations, perfect layers of atoms) and shearing a brick wall (even without the mortar).

When striving for an antique wood finish, there are a lot of styles to choose from. How you achieve the desired furniture finish is a matter of artistry and training, but using the right products and professional techniques is a great place to start.

Martensitestructure

Many people love antique wooden furniture, but not everyone wants to spend the money or expose a true heirloom to their children or pets. Some people would rather purchase an antique-looking piece that creates a nostalgic, old-style feel.

Done incorrectly, the “antiquing” will be obvious, and not in a good way. To achieve an expert antique look, start by studying some actual antiques to understand what signs of aging truly look like. The trick to achieving a natural antique wood finish is not to overdo it.

Perhaps the most important step in achieving a true antique wood finish is applying the glaze. This is where technique really comes into play. Anyone can purchase glazes and apply them, but it takes an expert to make the finished product look like a true heirloom.

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Once you know the look you’re going for, start by smoothing the wood and opening its pores with fine sandpaper. Then, use coarse sandpaper to round sharp corners, add a few scratches, and soften the edges.

How ismartensiteformed

Martensites are crystalline solids that display dazzling patterns at the microscopic scales. This microstructure gives rise to unusual macroscopic ...

The difference between austenite and martensite is, in some ways, quite small: while the unit cell of austenite is a perfect cube, in the transformation to martensite this cube is distorted so that it’s slightly longer than before in one dimension and shorter in the other two. Unlike cementite, which has bonding reminiscent of ceramic materials, the hardness of martensite is difficult to explain in chemical terms. The explanation hinges on the crystal’s subtle change in dimension, and the speed of the martensitic transformation.

At Finishers Depot, not only can you purchase the products you need to achieve the proper finish for your project, but we’ll also provide you with the training needed to handle every job request with professionalism.

There are water-based and solvent-based glazes. When applied properly, either will achieve great results. The main difference is the speed and efficiency with which you need to complete the project.