Workhardening rate

All programmed tracking axes move at linear velocity in such a way that the start and end of their motion take place simultaneously with the main axes.

With indexed radius programming, the radius can be specified by “R1=..”. In this case, the index may only have the value 1. If "R1” is used on the right-hand assignment side, the index value 1 may not be programmed as a mathematical expression.

If the circle centre point is incorrectly defined, centre point compensation is not switched on (G165). When G165 is active, a centre point is defined so that a circle can be travelled. It also means that if the interpolation parameters are not programmed, circle centre point compensation originates at I, J, K = 0 (see Controlling centre point offset in circle (G164/G165)).

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As an alternative to I, J, K, circles can also be programmed by specifying the radius. This is possible by using the address letter R “radius value” or G163=”radius value”. However, it is not possible to program a full circle with R. Specifying the radius with R or G163= is “modal” and is re-used for several circular motions without repeat specification.

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The circle definition using G163 is valid when circular interpolation is selected until it is redefined or until it is deselected by specifying an I and/or J and/or K.

Workhardening examples

After a few minutes, remove the silver from the solution, and dip in a mixture of water and baking soda( available at your local grocery store. (approx 1 oz. (shot glass) to 2 cups of water)

What causesworkhardening

If the radius value is possible, the shortest possible arc is defined; if the radius value is negative, the largest possible circle is defined (see figure below).

Workhardening meaning

Great! Now I have the shank to the size I want, but for some reason it is very stiff and hard to work. What I have just done is “Work Hardened the metal. Here is a quick science lesson….. What has happened to the metal is the molecules in the silver, which used to be uniform (and happy), have now been flattened and deformed (and stressed). What must be done now is a process called annealing. Annealing is heat treating the metal and rearranging the molecules in a way that makes them less stressed and happy again. (ok, so I am not real scientific).

Cutting speed ; Bronzes, 24–45, 10–80 ; Leaded Steel (Leadloy 12L14), 91, 30 ; Aluminium, 122-305, 400-1000 ; Brass, 90–210, 300–700.

Workhardening vs strain hardening

When G02 or G03 is selected, the programmed path is travelled to the target point in circular motion at the feed rate specified in the F word (e.g. mm/min) Circular motion can be travelled in the three main planes of the spatial coordinate system (X-Y, Z-X, Y-Z). The main plane is selected using the functions G17, G18, G19 (see Plane selection).

The maximum permissible circle radius is 109 mm. However, the target point of the arc may not exceed the maximum permissible motion path of the axes of +- 2,14*105 mm.

If you have ever worked metal before, you know that as you work the metal, the characteristics of the metal change. This is a post from a while back, but I thought it was worth revisiting for old times sake. So sit back, take 2 minutes out of your busy schedule and follow me.

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If the interpolation parameters I,J,K are programmed without circleendpoint when G02/G03 are active, a full circle is travelled.

You will want to turn off your bench light so you can see the metal change colors better. Apply your nice bushy flame to the silver and watch it. Do not get it too hot too fast. Move your flame back and forth and watch the metal for changing color. You want to try to get the silver to change to a very dull pink color. Try to keep that color for 30 seconds or so by moving the heat away and brushing the flame over again. DO NOT get the silver to a glowing red color. If you do this, quench the silver in water and start the process over again.

Another option is to program a circle by specifying an angle and a centre point. These values are used to calculate the end point of the circle and to interpolate the circle. Depending on the active plane, the assigned centre point coordinates must be used here.

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If you have done much silver work, then work hardening the silver is something you are probably familiar with. Work hardening is when you have beat, bent, stretched, folded, etc the silver so much that it has lost its flexibility or workability. One example I will give here is I have a piece of shanking material that is too thick, I could solder it as is, but then I would spend a lot of time filing and grinding the metal to size, so in this instance, I roll the piece through my rolling mill to thin the metal to the size I want.

Strain hardening

If the starting and end points of the circle programmed with "R", "R1" or "G163" are identical, an error message is output. If a full circle is travelled, it must be programmed with I/J/K.

Leave it in your pickling solution (I use Sparex) for a few minutes, remove with Copper Tongs (or plastic tongs). Never use steel tools to remove metal from pickle, it will destroy the solution and you will notice your silver will start to turn pink….. the solution will start to react with the copper alloy in the sterling, turning your silver pink. If this starts to happen, change your pickling solution.

Workhardening process

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How doesworkhardening increase strength

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The circle is defined by taking the starting point of the circle (determined in the preceding block), the target point of the circle and the centre point of the circle "Km".

The centre point of the circle is specified by the interpolation parameters I, J, K relative to the starting point of the circle when G162 is active or absolute when G161 is active (see Specifying centre point for circle definition (G161/G162)).

The baking soda will neutralize the acid from the pickle and keep from getting on your hand, tools, bench, etc. Always use baking soda/water after your pickle. After that, then dip in clean water.