Yield strength refers to the amount of stress a material can withstand before it begins to deform permanently, while ultimate strength is the maximum stress a material can withstand before it breaks.

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Yes, steel can be too hard for certain applications. While a high hardness can provide increased strength, it can also make the steel more brittle and prone to cracking under impact or sudden changes in stress. It is important to consider the specific application and the potential for impact or fatigue when selecting the hardness of steel.

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The hardness of steel is directly related to its yield and ultimate strength. As the steel becomes harder, its yield and ultimate strength increase. This is because harder steel is less likely to deform or break under stress.

Steel hardness is typically measured using a standardized test, such as the Rockwell or Brinell hardness test. These tests provide a numerical value that can be compared to the yield and ultimate strength of the steel. However, it is important to note that hardness alone does not determine the strength of a material, as other factors such as microstructure and composition also play a role.

Generally, as steel becomes harder, its ductility decreases. This means that the steel is less able to bend or deform without breaking. However, certain heat treatments and alloying elements can increase the ductility of steel while maintaining a high hardness. It is important to balance hardness and ductility for the specific application.